Where do medicines come from? Name Job Title Organisation Please - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Where do medicines come from? Name Job Title Organisation Please - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 07, 2024 296 likes •479 views

Where do medicines come from? Name Job Title Organisation Please stand up Sit down if you have ever: Diagnosis What is making this girl sick? Research- the discovery of insulin Treatment- a life transformed Brief history of animal

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Name ● Job Title ● Organisation

Where do medicines come from?

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Please stand up

Sit down if you have ever:

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Diagnosis

What is making this girl sick?

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Research- the discovery of insulin

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Treatment- a life transformed

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Brief history of animal research

1600-1900

  • Smallpox vaccine (cows)
  • Typhoid, cholera, plague vaccines (mice, rats)
  • Rabies vaccine (dogs, rabbits)

1900s

  • Rickets treatment (dogs)
  • Corneal transplants (rabbits)
  • Discovery of vitamin C/ Scurvy (guinea pigs)

1910-1920s

  • Blood transfusions (dogs, guinea pigs, rabbits)
  • Insulin for diabetes (dogs, rabbits, mice)

1930-1940s

  • Antibiotics- Penicillin / streptomycin (mice)
  • Diphtheria vaccine (guinea pigs, rabbits, horses,

monkeys)

  • Kidney dialysis (guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs,

monkeys) 1950-1960s

  • Polio vaccine (mice, monkeys)
  • Kidney transplants (dogs)
  • Heart transplants (dogs)
  • Cardiac pacemakers (dogs)

1970-1980s

  • Chemotherapy (mice)
  • Leprosy treatment (armadillos, mice)
  • Asthma inhalers (guinea pigs, rabbits)
  • MRI scanning (rabbits, pigs)
  • River blindness treatment (rodents,

cows) 1990-2000s

  • HIV combined therapy (mice, monkeys)
  • Meningitis vaccines (mice)
  • Cervical cancer vaccine (rabbits, cows)
  • Parkinson’s deep brain stim (monkeys)

http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/why/health-timeline/

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intestines bladder lungs heart kidneys liver

Animals aren’t the same as humans…

…but they’re biologically very similar.

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The making of a medicine

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Animals in society

Each year in the UK how many animals are:

killed for food? 1.3 billion killed by cars? 11 million killed by cats? 275 million killed as pests? 20 million used in research? 4.14 million

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Animals and you

In their lifetime, the average person in the UK will consume: 1,500 chickens 18 sheep 25 pigs 6.5 cows 46 fish

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Animals and you

For each person in the UK animal research will use: 4 mice 1 fish ½ rat

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The law on animal research

The Government Says: “We have legislated so experimentation is only permitted when there is no alternative research technique and the expected benefits outweigh any possible adverse effects.”

https://speakingofresearch.com/facts/animal-research-regulations-in-the-uk/

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The 3Rs

  • Replacement
  • Reduction
  • Refinement

www.nc3rs.org.uk

Mice 73.3% Rats 6.5% Fish 13.6% Birds 3.4% Other 2.8% Specially Protected Species 0.4%

Animals used in research, Great Britain, 2015

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What refinements do you see?

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What refinements do you see?

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What refinements do you see?

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Parkinson’s Disease

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Thank you for listening

More information available at:

  • www.uar.org.uk
  • www.animalresearch.info
  • speakingofresearch.com
  • www.nc3rs.org.uk

Name Job title Website