Where do medicines come from? Name Job Title Organisation Please - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Where do medicines come from? Name ● Job Title ● Organisation

Please stand up Sit down if you have ever:

Diagnosis What is making this girl sick?

Research- the discovery of insulin

Treatment- a life transformed

Brief history of animal research 1950-1960s 1600-1900 • Polio vaccine (mice, monkeys) • Smallpox vaccine (cows) • Kidney transplants (dogs) • Typhoid, cholera, plague vaccines (mice, rats) • Heart transplants (dogs) • Rabies vaccine (dogs, rabbits) • Cardiac pacemakers (dogs) 1900s 1970-1980s • Rickets treatment (dogs) • Chemotherapy (mice) • Corneal transplants (rabbits) • Leprosy treatment (armadillos, mice) • Discovery of vitamin C/ Scurvy (guinea pigs) • Asthma inhalers (guinea pigs, rabbits) 1910-1920s • MRI scanning (rabbits, pigs) • Blood transfusions (dogs, guinea pigs, rabbits) • River blindness treatment (rodents, • Insulin for diabetes (dogs, rabbits, mice) cows) 1930-1940s 1990-2000s • Antibiotics- Penicillin / streptomycin (mice) • HIV combined therapy (mice, monkeys) • Diphtheria vaccine (guinea pigs, rabbits, horses, • Meningitis vaccines (mice) monkeys) • Cervical cancer vaccine (rabbits, cows) • Kidney dialysis (guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, • Parkinson’s d eep brain stim (monkeys) monkeys) http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/why/health-timeline/

Animals aren’t the same as humans… …but they’re biologically very similar. lungs heart liver kidneys intestines bladder

The making of a medicine

Animals in society Each year in the UK how many animals are: killed for food? killed by cars? killed as pests? 1.3 billion 11 million 20 million used in research? killed by cats? 4.14 million 275 million

Animals and you In their lifetime, the average person in the UK will consume: 1,500 chickens 46 fish 18 sheep 6.5 cows 25 pigs

Animals and you For each person in the UK animal research will use: 1 fish 4 mice ½ rat

The law on animal research The Government Says: “We have legislated so experimentation is only permitted when there is no alternative research technique and the expected benefits outweigh any possible adverse effects.” https://speakingofresearch.com/facts/animal-research-regulations-in-the-uk/

The 3Rs Animals used in research, Great Britain, 2015 • Replacement Specially Birds Other Protected 3.4% 2.8% Species • Reduction 0.4% • Refinement Fish 13.6% www.nc3rs.org.uk Rats 6.5% Mice 73.3%

What refinements do you see?

What refinements do you see?

What refinements do you see?

P arkinson’s Disease

Thank you for listening More information available at: • www.uar.org.uk • www.animalresearch.info • speakingofresearch.com • www.nc3rs.org.uk Name Job title Website