Welfare, and State Ownership Marcel Paret, University of Utah & - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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From Crisis to Redistribution? Global Attitudes Towards Equality, Welfare, and State Ownership Marcel Paret, University of Utah & University of Johannesburg Michael Levien, Johns Hopkins University September 28, 2018 Marcel Paret and

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From Crisis to Redistribution? Global Attitudes Towards Equality, Welfare, and State Ownership

Marcel Paret, University of Utah & University of Johannesburg Michael Levien, Johns Hopkins University September 28, 2018

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien From Crisis to Redistribution?

How did views towards redistribution change after the crisis?

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PRE-CRISIS: 2002-2008 POST-CRISIS: 2010-2014

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WEST: Australia, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, United States CENTAL/EASTERN EUROPE: Cyprus, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine MIDDLE EAST/NORTH AFRICA: Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, Egypt SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: Ghana, Rwanda, South Africa LATIN AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay ASIA: China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, India WEST INDIES: Trinidad and Tobago

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien From Crisis to Redistribution?

INCOME EQUALITY

Incomes should be made more equal vs We need larger income differences as incentives for individual effort

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien

GOVERNMENT WELFARE

Government should take more responsibility to ensure that everyone is provided for vs People should take more responsibility to provide for themselves

From Crisis to Redistribution?

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien

STATE OWNERSHIP

Government ownership of business and industry should be increased vs Private ownership of business and industry should be increased

From Crisis to Redistribution?

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4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50

Income equality Government welfare State ownership

Pro-redistribution views (all 40 countries)

2002-2008 2010-2014

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2.00

0.00 2.00 4.00

36. Australia
276. Germany
528. Netherlands
554. New Zealand
724. Spain
752. Sweden
840. United States
196. Cyprus
417. Kyrgyzstan
616. Poland
642. Romania
643. Russia
705. Slovenia
804. Ukraine
12. Algeria
368. Iraq
400. Jordan
504. Morocco
792. Turkey
818. Egypt
288. Ghana
646. Rwanda
710. South Africa
32. Argentina
76. Brazil
152. Chile
170. Colombia
484. Mexico
604. Peru
858. Uruguay
156. China
158. Taiwan
344. Hong Kong
392. Japan
410. South Korea
458. Malaysia
702. Singapore
764. Thailand
356. India

780.Trinidad and Tobago

INCOME EQUALITY

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2.00

0.00 2.00

36. Australia
276. Germany
528. Netherlands
554. New Zealand
724. Spain
752. Sweden
840. United States
196. Cyprus
417. Kyrgyzstan
616. Poland
642. Romania
643. Russia
705. Slovenia
804. Ukraine
12. Algeria
368. Iraq
400. Jordan
504. Morocco
792. Turkey
818. Egypt
288. Ghana
646. Rwanda
710. South Africa
32. Argentina
76. Brazil
152. Chile
170. Colombia
484. Mexico
604. Peru
858. Uruguay
156. China
158. Taiwan
344. Hong Kong
392. Japan
410. South Korea
458. Malaysia
702. Singapore
764. Thailand
356. India

780.Trinidad and Tobago

GOVERNMENT WELFARE

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2.00

0.00 2.00

36. Australia
276. Germany
554. New Zealand
724. Spain
752. Sweden
840. United States
196. Cyprus
417. Kyrgyzstan
616. Poland
642. Romania
705. Slovenia
804. Ukraine
12. Algeria
368. Iraq
400. Jordan
504. Morocco
792. Turkey
818. Egypt
288. Ghana
646. Rwanda
710. South Africa
32. Argentina
76. Brazil
152. Chile
170. Colombia
484. Mexico
604. Peru
858. Uruguay
156. China
158. Taiwan
344. Hong Kong
392. Japan
410. South Korea
458. Malaysia
702. Singapore
764. Thailand
356. India

780.Trinidad and Tobago

STATE OWNERSHIP

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien From Crisis to Redistribution?

INDIVIDUAL FACTORS

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IE GW SO Age 15-24

Age 25-34

Age 55+ + Female + + + Single + + No secondary education + + + Secondary education + + + Part-time employed + + Self-employed Unemployed + + + Not in labor force + +

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4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00

Pre-crisis Post-crisis

Support for Income Equality by Employment Type

Full-time employed Part-time employed

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4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00

Pre-crisis Post-crisis

Support for Income Equality by Education Level

Less than Secondary Secondary Post-secondary

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien From Crisis to Redistribution?

ANTI- IMMIGRANT ATTITUDES

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien From Crisis to Redistribution?

Could you please mention any [group] that you would not like to have as neighbors?

-Immigrants/foreign workers

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien

When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to people of this country over immigrants.

From Crisis to Redistribution?

Could you please mention any [group] that you would not like to have as neighbors?

-Immigrants/foreign workers

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Marcel Paret and Michael Levien

When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to people of this country over immigrants.

From Crisis to Redistribution?

21% 69%

Could you please mention any [group] that you would not like to have as neighbors?

-Immigrants/foreign workers

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1.00
0.50

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50

36. Australia
276. Germany
528. Netherlands
554. New Zealand
724. Spain
752. Sweden
840. United States
196. Cyprus
417. Kyrgyzstan
616. Poland
642. Romania
643. Russia
705. Slovenia
804. Ukraine
12. Algeria
368. Iraq
400. Jordan
504. Morocco
792. Turkey
818. Egypt
288. Ghana
646. Rwanda
710. South Africa
32. Argentina
76. Brazil
152. Chile
170. Colombia
484. Mexico
604. Peru
858. Uruguay
156. China
158. Taiwan
344. Hong Kong
392. Japan
410. South Korea
458. Malaysia
702. Singapore
764. Thailand
356. India

780.Trinidad and Tobago

Opposition to Immig Neighbor

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1.00
0.50

0.00 0.50 1.00

36. Australia
276. Germany
528. Netherlands
554. New Zealand
724. Spain
752. Sweden
840. United States
196. Cyprus
417. Kyrgyzstan
616. Poland
642. Romania
643. Russia
705. Slovenia
804. Ukraine
12. Algeria
368. Iraq
400. Jordan
504. Morocco
792. Turkey
818. Egypt
288. Ghana
646. Rwanda
710. South Africa
32. Argentina
76. Brazil
152. Chile
170. Colombia
484. Mexico
604. Peru
858. Uruguay
156. China
158. Taiwan
344. Hong Kong
392. Japan
410. South Korea
458. Malaysia
702. Singapore
764. Thailand
356. India

780.Trinidad and Tobago

Prioritize Native-Born for Jobs

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0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Support for government welfare

Opposition to Immigrant Neighbor

Pre-crisis Post-crisis

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0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Support for government welfare

Prioritize Native-Born for Jobs

Pre-crisis Post-crisis

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IE GW SO

Opposition to immig neighbor

2 8 2

Opposition to diff lang neighbor

4 4 5

Prioritize native-born for jobs

4 16 10

POST-CRISIS CORRELATIONS (+)

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GOVERNMENT WELFARE & ANTI- IMMIGRANT CORRELATION

Cyprus Poland Romania Russia Slovenia Ukraine Jordan Egypt Rwanda South Africa Trinidad & Tobago China Japan Singapore Thailand India

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1 2 3 Growing support for redistribution (especially income equality) Older, female, single, less-educated, PT/unemployed more supportive Some association with anti-immigrant

Marcel Paret and Michael Levien From Crisis to Redistribution?