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Transcribing the Digital Archive of Southern Speech: Methods and Preliminary Analysis Rachel Miller Olsen, Michael L. Olsen, Joseph A. Stanley & Margaret E.L. Renwick The University of Georgia SECOL 84 2 Introduction u Large-scale

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SLIDE 1

Transcribing the Digital Archive of Southern Speech: Methods and Preliminary Analysis

Rachel Miller Olsen, Michael L. Olsen, Joseph A. Stanley & Margaret E.L. Renwick The University of Georgia SECOL 84

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SLIDE 2

Introduction

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u Large-scale transcribed audio corpora are available

u Buckeye Corpus, Santa Barbara Corpus, etc.

u How do these come to be? What’s the on-the-

ground process of building such a corpus?

u Here we discuss:

u Methods for large-scale transcription u Early data & analysis resulting from transcription

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SLIDE 3

Digital Archive of Southern Speech (DASS)

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u 64 interviews u 2.5-10hrs, µ=5.75 u 372 hours of audio

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SLIDE 4

LAGS Protocols

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u Pilot Study:

u 1031 words/spkr x 10 = 10,310 words à u Searchable time-aligned corpus of 132,000 words

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SLIDE 5

Transcribing DASS

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u 35 undergraduate student workers u Each student worker is assigned one interview u One reel at a time u 408 reels/files, µ=54mins

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SLIDE 6

Transcriber

(Boudahmane et al. 1998–2008)

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u Create & edit time-

aligned orthographic transcriptions

u Easy-to-use graphical

user interface

u .trs (native .xml) u trans.sourceforge.net

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SLIDE 7

Guidelines

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u Transcriber protocols

(~25 pages)

u Phrase Dictionary u Two-phase listening u Daily files + Multiple

backups Codes Meaning {D: } Doubt {X} Unintelligible {C: } Comment {NW} Non-word (e.g. laugh, cough) {NS} Non-speech (e.g. dog barking)

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SLIDE 8

Workflow

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Transcription (i.e. 2 listens) complete Spot-checked for consistency File conversion via LaBB-CAT scripts (Fromont & Hay 2012)

labbcat.sourceforge.net

.trs (.xml) à .txt .trs à .TextGrid Automatic phonetic analysis!

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SLIDE 9

Forced Alignment

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u Forced-aligned with DARLA (Reddy & Stanford 2015)

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SLIDE 10

Phonetic Analysis

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u Formant extraction: four different methods

u In-house Praat script (Boersma & Weenink 2016) u DARLA (Reddy & Stanford 2015) u out-of-the-box FAVE (Rosenfelder et al. 2011)

u based on ANAE means

u modified FAVE (Rosenfelder et al. 2011)

u based on Southern means

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SLIDE 11

11

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SLIDE 12

Preliminary Findings: Glide weakening

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SLIDE 13

Glide weakening (cont.)

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SLIDE 14

Observations

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u Large-scale transcription

u Time to transcribe

u Estimated: 10:1; Reality:13:1

u Phonetic Analysis

u Comparison of formant measurements

u In-house Praat script no good u DARLA filtered out 53% u Too early to tell if FAVE modifications were better

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SLIDE 15

References

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Boersma, Paul & David Weenink. 2016. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [Computer program], Version 5.4.08. Retrieved from http://www.praat.org. Boudahmane, Karim, Mathieu Manta, Fabien Antoine, Sylvian Galliano & Claude Barras. 1998. Transcriber v. 1.5.2. http://trans.sourceforge.net/. Fromont, Robert & Jen Hay. 2012. LaBB-CAT. Proceedings of the Australasian Language Technology Workshop, vol. 10, 113–117. Dunedin, New Zealand. Gorman, Kyle, Jonathan Howell & Michael Wagner. 2011. Prosodylab-Aligner: A Tool for Forced Alignment of Laboratory Speech. Canadian Acoustics 39(3). 192–193. Kretzschmar, William A. 2011. Linguistic Atlas Project. www.lap.uga.edu. Labov, William, Ingrid Rosenfelder & Josef Fruehwald. 2013. One hundred years of sound change in Philadelphia: Linear incrementation, reversal, and reanalysis. Language 89(1). 30–65. Pederson, Lee, Susan L. McDaniel, & Carol M. Adams, eds. 1986-93. Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. 7 vols. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Reddy, Sravana & James N. Stanford. 2015. Toward completely automated vowel extraction: Introducing DARLA. Linguistics Vanguard 1(1). 15–28. doi:10.1515/lingvan-2015-0002. Renwick, Margaret E.L. and Rachel M. Olsen. 2016. Voices of coastal Georgia. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 25, 60004. doi:10.1121/2.0000176. Rosenfelder, Ingrid, Joe Fruehwald, Keelan Evanini & Jiahong Yuan. 2011. FAVE (Forced Alignment and Vowel Extraction) Program Suite. http://fave.ling.upenn.edu.

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SLIDE 16

Thank you!

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This work is supported by NSF grant #1625680 Automated Large-Scale Phonetic Analysis: DASS Pilot PIs: Drs. William Kretzschmar & Margaret Renwick.

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SLIDE 17

Discussion

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u Great free software available. u Easy to use, even for novices. u Linguistic Atlas data has much to offer! u Large audio corpora can/should be built & can be

analyzed.

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SLIDE 18

Glide weakening

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SLIDE 19

Example Vowel Spaces

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Speaker 195 (male, b. 1894, age 80)

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Speaker 202 (female, b. 1919, age 55)

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ɔ ɔ ɔ u u u u u u ɛ ɛɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ɔ ɛ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ i i i i i i i i i i i i ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ɛ ɛ

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F2 (Hz) F1 (Hz)

Speaker 200 (female, b. 1900, age 74)

æ æ æ æ æ æ æ ʊ ʊ ɔ ɔɔ ɔ ɔ ɔ ɔ ɔ u ɑ ɑ

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æ æ æ ɔ ɔ ɔɔ ɔ ɔ u u eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ ɑ ɑ i i ɛ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɑ ɑ i i eɪ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ æ ɑ ɑ

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ɑ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ ɑ ɑ ɑ ɑ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊʊ ʊ ʊ ɛ ɛ ɛ

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u u u u u u u u ɔ ɔ ɔ u u ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛɛ ɛ ɛ ɪ ɪ ɪ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ i i i i i i ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ

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F2 (Hz) F1 (Hz)

Speaker 201 (female, b. 1944, age 23)

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SLIDE 20

LAGS Speaker Area AK

20

u LAGS Protocols:

u 1031 tokens/spkr x 10 spkrs = 10,310 tokens

u Full transcription of interviews:

u Searchable time-aligned corpus of 132,000 words

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SLIDE 21

Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States (LAGS)

21