. there was Justesen (and earlier, Shannon and Berger .) Peter H.N. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

And In the beginning, …. there was Justesen (and earlier, Shannon and Berger ….)

Peter H.N. de With

(p.h.n.de.with@tue.nl )

slides version 1.0

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Student project at Philips Res.

 The emerging time of the compact disc 1983

– The VLP video disc was just introduced – Based on analogue FM recording – However, it could not record video…., and failed – Breading ground for digital audio playback

 Philips Research Labs at the 1980’s ….

– Before the strict project management …. – Also focus on the scientific background – Appreciation of scientific publications of the work – Journal of Research, & Philips Technical Magazine

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

 A master engineer and

• ne of his

pupils in his

• wn lab

 Long-bearded research scientist  Having his first MSc student

Picture describing local culture

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

 Custom IC for CD players approx. 1984

 Stereo interpolation (error conc.) and upconversion  RAMs (3a+3b) signals  ROMs (4a+4b) for coeff.  MUACs (5a+5b) for filters  2.5 micron NMOS, 17,000 transistors on 16mm2.  We have indeed scaled up!

Picture describing local technology…

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

MSc project / Problem statement

 Modulation codes with better power spectrum

– Codes have minimum power at dc, preferably zero at f=0 – Area around f=0 with little power spectrum – Acceptable information rate

 Applications of such codes

– Line codes in telephony – Runlength-limited codes to reduce ISI – Optical/Magnetic recording systems and robustness to avoid baseline wander

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

MSc project / Problem statement – (2)

Ac-coupled channel model and detection

• s(t) is stream of

rectangular pulses

• n(t) is additive noise
• d(t) is detection level

Capacitor C is charged when long sequence of same signal polarity occurs, giving baseline wander

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Constraints for power spectrum

 Assume binary signals, with pulses of opposite polariy  Compute the Running Digital Sum of symbols  The Digital Sum Variation is a contraint on the RDS





t

t X RDS ) (





2 1 2 ,.. 1

) ( max

t t t t

t X DSV

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Code modeling with Markov sources

 Each state is a state of the RDS  The RDS value Z(t) = Z(t-T) + X(t), with Z(0) = a  From the Markov property, it follows that P( Z(t) | Z(t-T), Z(t-2T) ... Z(0) ) = P( Z(t) | Z(t-T) )

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Markov source description

 Adjacency matrix is a Toeplitz matrix  Transition matrix Q is of same form with transitions p(j|i)  Stationary probabilities ps(i) are defined by  Entropy of the source is the sum of conditional entropies  Variance of the RDS is important 1 ) (

,.., 1





 N i s i

p ) ( ) ( i p Q i p

s s

  ) | 1 ( ( ) ( ) | ( ) ( ) (

1 1

i i p h i p i s X H i p X H

N i s N i s

     

 

 

) ( ) (

2 ,.., 1 2

i z i p

N i s z

  





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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Rational power spectra & prediction Justesen

 Predictor for 1st-order rational power spectrum is  Leading to predictor is a fraction of previous RDS (last state)  Ratio r can only take specific values due to discrete N values  The stationary probabilities are then the same as the Ehrenfest diffusion model (Feller)  In the maxentropic case: H(X) becomes the maximum eigenvalue of the Toeplitz matrix.





    

N j

i j x i j p T t Z r t X

1

) | ( ) | ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ˆ ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ˆ ) ( ˆ T t X r T t X t X     

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Measure of dc content

 Cut-off frequency of rational spectrum can be estimated as ) 2 /(

2 2 2 z x

    

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

New metric for dc content: low BER

 Receiver density functions with additive Gaussian noise

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Example finding BER (N=5)

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

New metric / BER curves

 Curves for N=6 and N=7 and sum variance = 2.2, function of SNR (A/sigm)  New metric curves were used in discussion with Japanese partners  Then on the next morning discussion...!

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

New contribution: Sources with weight W

 Weighted Markov source with average weight W  Assign to each transition an individual weight w(j|i)  Replace weight later by constraint parameters  Problem: mazimize the entropy  Subject to  Can be solved with Lagrangian function .... )) | ( log( ) | ( ( ) ( ) (

1 1

i j p i j p i p X H

N j N i s

   

 

 

)) | ( ( ) | ( ( ) (

1 1

i j p w i j p i p W

N j N i s

  

 

 

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Contribution: Sources & weight W – (2)

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Contribution: Sources & weight W – (3)

Discussion

 Analogy of solution with R(D) optimization with D constraint  Conform specification of distortions d(j|i), initially set  Source and alphabet are known, fixed coupling of Z and X  The exponential exp(-s) leads to the slope of functions (D, R(D)), likewise role occurs in (W, H(W))

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Results / Sources – sum variance constr.

Example N=5

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Results / Sources - sum variance constraint

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Results / Sources – BER constraint

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Reward 1 / Publication at 5th WIC symp.

 My first publication !

• n pages 194 - 201

 Help and guidance of Kees and Han

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Reward 2 / Philips CD300 CD Player

 My first CD player

 First front loader  Thanks lovely wife Jelly!  Used so often that the “Jaap” burned….

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Reward 3 – Multiple support of Kees

 Learning how to write  Support for a PhD degree  Introduction to the IEEE Consumer Electronics Section  How to stay well…., at the Takanawa Prince Hotel  Incredible fun at special events, e.g. the AEW at Hakone in Japan, in the middle of nowhere….. (story has become a family classic)  Sampling of award events….etc., many many thanks!

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PdW / 2017

• Fac. EE SPS-VCA

R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

Attending Kees‘ previous award ceremony

 Eduard Rhein Award, Munich, Germany  Oct. 2015