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Socio-Political Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Implications for NCD Prevention and Control December 3-4 2014, Beirut - Lebanon Transforming NCD health care in Tunisia: Engaging citizens in health policy making through the new social


  1. Socio-Political Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Implications for NCD Prevention and Control December 3-4 2014, Beirut - Lebanon Transforming NCD health care in Tunisia: Engaging citizens in health policy making through the new social dialogue Professor Habiba Ben Romdhane Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Prevention Resarch Laboratory Tunisia

  2. Outline Background NCDs Challenges Social dialogue : objectives & process Social Dialogue & NCDs Some lessons, gaps & threats

  3.  Tunisia was generally  La Tunisie était considered to be stable as généralement considérée compared to other countries in être un pays stable the region  Politiques sociales  Education and healthcare have (éducation, santé) received more investment and  L’émancipation de la proved more effective than in femme donnée en most MENA countries exemple  Women’s emancipationwas an C’était le pays touristique  example par excellence  Millions of Tourists visited La Tunisie était un bon  Tunisia élève du FMI et de la BM  Tunisia was considered as the Good Student of MIF & WB

  4. Demographic & Health Indicators in Tunisia Indicator 2009 10.982.754 Population Total fertility rate 2.2 Life Expectancy at Birth 73.9 years M: 71.8 W:76.3 Infant Mortality 16.1 Crude Death Rate (per thousand) 5.8 ___________________ _______________ Maternal mortality 45/100 000

  5. Selected indicators for expenditures on health (2000-2010) Ratio 2000 2010 Total Health Expenditures (THE) in Million of 1581.2 4019.3 Tunisian Dinars (TD) Share THE/ Gross Domestic Product (%) 5.5 6.3 THE per capita (Tunisian Dinars) 164.1 382.8 44.4 40.5 Share OOP/ THE (%)

  6.  There was a gap between the Il y avait un décalage  entre le niveau de development level & the political développemt et le practices (lack of democracy) système politque  Unemployment especially among university graduated Chomage des diplomés   Youth aspiration to a better life Les aspsirations de la  Social media revolution  jeunesse à une meilleure (bloggers) vie December 17 2010/January 2011 Tunisian La révolution des médias  Uprising sociaux

  7. • Explosion of social demands Explosion des demandes  • Poverty, unemployment sociales Nous découvrons la • Social inequality  pauvreté, les inégalités • Regional disparity sociales , les disparités • Public sector healthcare régionales , les conditions préacaires des cannot meet public demand structures sanitaires • A deplorable Governance in La mauvaise  gouvernance, le the Health sector nepotisme et le • Clientelism clientelisme • Nepotis

  8. Physicians /100 000 inhabitants Distance to Hospital (Km)

  9. Expectancy Infant Mortality at Birth

  10. Tunisian claimed more • Les Tunisiens réclament  freedom and improved plus de liberté plus de justice sociale social justice  un meilleur accès aux More access to Health  • soins de qualité services une participation à la vie  More Job politique • une politique sociale More political and •  pour tous economical inclusion Social policy for all •

  11. Demand of a new •  Ils demandent un societal model nouveau modèle Demand of substantial •  un changement changes in decision substanciel dans le processus de prise de making processes décision Response to the new •  Une réponse aux aspirations towards a nouvelles aspirations more participatory policy à travers une politique participative

  12. Health systems has to •  Le système de santé be reoriented to doit être réorienté respond to people’s pour répondre aux emerging health needs, problèmes des citoyens Be directly accountable •  Doit être redevable to ordinary people, and au citoyen ordianire , respect and ensure the respecter et assurer rights and dignity of all les droits et la dignité people who use health systems and provide health care

  13. Social Dialogue People Centred Health System Think Act Succeed to together together overcome

  14. What are the NCDs Challenges in Tunisia ? How could SD transforme NCDs Health care ?

  15. NCDs Challenges (1) Prevention & control Absence of comprehensive  Absence d’une • approche globale approach to face the pour faire face aux newly emergent problem MNT of NCDs  L’exposition aux facteurs de risque est Many gaps on NCDs • en augmenation prevention and control  L’accès au traitement Exposure to risk factors is • et aux moyens de increasing diagnistic n’est pas garanti à tous Access to treatment and • diagnosis is limited  Problème de qualité Problem of quality of care •

  16. NCDs Challenges (2) Inequality Inequalities are likely to •  Les inégalités sont increase with NCDs encore plus Existence of barriers importantes avec les • MNT including financial barriers  Existence de barrière that exclude the poorest financière segments of the population. Universal Health Coverage  L’accès universel aux • soins est une (UHC) emerged as crucial demande urgente measure

  17. NCDs Challenges (3) Decision-making • DM isHighly complex  La prise de décision est process with both un processus complexe ayant deux facettes, une technical and political technique et une politique features and with many qui ne sont pas forcément en faveur de l’interet interests which are not général always supportive of the public good  La fragmentation et le Segmented systems manque de • coordination contribue and lack of à diliuer les coordination that risk responsabilités harming services

  18. NCDs Challenges (4) Intersectorial approach Crucial drivers of NCDs •  Des déterminants change lie outside of the importants des MNT traditional boundaries of sont en dehors du the health system système de santé Absence of intersectoral •  Absence d’une action that are critical for approche intersectorielle re-orienting NCDs fondamentale pour prevention & control réorienter la prévention et le controle des MNT

  19. NCDs Challenges (5) Growth of Private Sector  Regulation/oversight  Absence de weak & unenforced régulation  Benefitting urban Profite aux classes  middle class moyennes, urbaines  Drain of staff to  Fuite du staff vers le private sector privé  Accentuation des  Accentuating coast- disparités entre les interior differentials côtes et l’intérieur

  20. NCDs Challenges (6) Intersectorial approach  Manque de liens de Lack of strategic NCD • coopération partnerships stratégique en matière de MNT  Urgence d’intégrer la gestion dans le cadre Urgency of NCD • d’une stratégie de management as part of développement socio- wider socio-economic économique plus development strategy large .

  21. NCDs Challenges (7) Health workers  Community health workers  Les professionnels de la do not play the important santé ne jouent pas un linking role in enabling role important pour inclusive and permettre une participation de la representative community communauté participation  Le SS sert les citoyens  Health systems serve mais il est mis en people but are also made oeuvre par des citoyens qui nécessistent un up of people, who need environnement effective environments in favorable au travail which to work .

  22. NCDs Challenges (10) Health workers  Il est indispensable de  Supportive and effective rendre l’envireonnement working environments for de travail plus favorable health workers (emerging (lutter contre le violence) phénomène emergent comme la violence dans les structures sanitaires)  Supervision and continuing  Renforcer la formation continue et training for health care l’accompagnement des workers emerged as crucial travailleurs needs.

  23. NCDs Challenges (8) Research Scaling-up research in  Mettre à niveau la different area recherche dans :  Système et politique de  On health system and santé health policy  Le role de la SC et des mouvements sociaux  On civil society and social pour renforcer movements that support l’approche centrée sur la population people centredness  Renforcement les capacités des  On health workers professionnels pour une empowerment to provide approche centrée sur la population people-centred health services

  24. NCDs Challenges (8) International NGOs (INGOs)  INGOs have the  Les ONGI jouent un opportunity to strengthen role important dans national health systems le renforcement du système de santé but they sometimes mais elles peuvent engage in practices that aussi le fragiliser weaken these systems  Elles introduisent des distorsions dans la  Distortions into health gestion des system management programmes

  25. NCDs Challenges (9) Innovation  Need of innovative service-  Les prestations de services ne bénéficient delivery models, including absolument pas des the use of technology such progrès de la as m-health and e-health technologie(e-health, to ensure quality and m-health ) pour toucher la population, continuity of care especially plus particulièrement for remote area celle qui est éloignée .

  26. A health sector as a hole is folded in itself Ref: Al Gonzalez ‐ Rossetti, E Felt ,

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