The Global Space Situational Awareness Sensors Project Brian Weeden - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Global Space Situational Awareness Sensors Project Brian Weeden - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 17, 2023 171 likes •369 views

Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security The Global Space Situational Awareness Sensors Project Brian Weeden Technical Advisor, Secure World Foundation Paul Cefola Adjunct Professor, University at Buffalo (SUNY) Jaganath Sankaran

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 1 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

The Global Space Situational Awareness Sensors Project

Brian Weeden Technical Advisor, Secure World Foundation Paul Cefola Adjunct Professor, University at Buffalo (SUNY) Jaganath Sankaran PhD Candidate, University of Maryland

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 2 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Secure World Foundation

  • Non-profit operating foundation founded in 2004
  • Funding comes from a private endowment
  • HQ just outside of Boulder, CO, offices in DC and Brussels
  • Dedicated to the ensuring the long-term sustainability of space
  • We inform, facilitate, and promote
  • Strong role policy development in both the international and domestic

policy communities

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 3 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Overview

  • Changes in the space regime and what it means for SSA
  • What do we mean by “civil” SSA?
  • Why SSA is inherently international and cooperative
  • Overview of this project
  • Preliminary Research

– China – India

  • Future Work
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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 4 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Paradigm shift in space regime…

  • SSA was born during the Cold War as part of protecting the US and

USSR from nuclear attacks

– Nuclear threat progressed from airplanes to ballistic missiles (and satellites?) – Use of space for warning, intelligence, treaty verification – Two Super Powers controlled virtually all aspects of space

  • Today’s world is vastly different

– 10 countries have indigenous space launch capability (Iran is the newest) – Over 70 entities operate satellites – 21,000+ pieces currently tracked, about 1,000 active payloads – Space is “crowded, congested, & contested”

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 5 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

…and its impact on SSA

  • Although the space regime is much different today, SSA has not kept

up

– Still done primarily for military/national security purposes by the military – Bureaucracy/security needs have hampered upgrades and modernization, particularly for computer hardware/software and algorithms

  • Certain actions in space can have long-term negative consequences for

all

  • All space actors (launching/operating satellites) need a basic level of

data and analytical tools to operate in a safe & efficient manner

  • Most space actors do not have this basic data
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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 6 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Military SSA

  • Imaging
  • Characterization
  • Capabilities
  • Limitations
  • Intent

Civil vs Military SSA

Civil SSA

  • Metric data
  • Maneuver plans
  • Point of Contact
  • Space Weather
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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 7 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

SSA is inherently international

  • “Good” SSA requires a geographically distributed network of both

radar and optical sensors and combining sensor observations with

  • wner-operator data
  • Theoretically, building the sensor network can be done unilaterally

– Large economic cost – Need “friends in the right places”, basing agreements – Long logistical tails

  • Every space actor needs a certain level of SSA for safe and efficient

space activities, but few have the resources to build a complete network

– Many actors can make partial contributions

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 8 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

The Global SSA Sensors Project

  • Objective: To develop a database of global SSA sensors and networks

– Based on open source information – Publicly accessible – Crowdsourced

  • Rationale

– Increase awareness of global SSA capabilities and highlight opportunities and deficiencies – Enable analysis of future shared/collaborative/cooperative architectures – Leverage the “wisdom of the crowd” in compiling the data set

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 9 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

PRELIMINARY RESEARCH

Chinese and Indian SSA sensors

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 10 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Chinese SSA

  • Good public domain info on Chinese optical telescopes

– Four major sites operated by Purple Mountain Observatory, each with multiple telescopes – These telescopes are also used for space debris research, and China has participated extensively in IADC work

  • Little to no public domain info on radars

– Run by the PLA as opposed to optical sensors which have some civil use/control – But, the laws of physics apply equally to China, so we expect something similar to US/Russian networks in both composition and placement

  • China also maintains two Yuanwang tracking ships, used primarily to

support human spaceflight

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 11 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Postulated Chinese Phased Array Network

Location Coordinates Maximum Range Sector in Azimuth NW China 87.5 E, 43.0 N 3000 km

  • 60 to + 60 deg

Kashi 76.02 E, 39.54 N 3000 km 180 to 359 deg Kunming 102.74 E, 24.99 N 3000 km 200 to 320 deg Hainan 109.4 E, 19.0 N 3000 km 120 to 240 deg Jiangxi 114.93 E, 26.8 N 3000 km 60 to 180 deg Changchun 125.69 E, 44.0 N 3000 km 0 to 120 deg Xuanhua,Hebei Prov. 115.04 E, 40.61 N 3000 km

  • 60 to +60 deg

Henan, Province 112.97 E, 34.76 N 2500 km 30 to 150 deg

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 12 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Google Earth image of Chinese phased array

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 13 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Indian SSA sensors

  • Little is known about Indian SSA capabilities, however they can be

presumed to be at least developing them

– India has a substantial investment in civil space systems to support its socioeconomic development – India recently made a substantial shift towards “prestige” space missions (human spaceflight and robotic exploration) – India has also made a dramatic shift in military use of space after 2007 Chinese ASAT test, including hit-to-kill ballistic missile defense and ASAT programs

  • India currently has deployed two Swordfish radars for BMD (and SSA?)

– Based on Israeli EL/M-2080 Green Pine transportable AESA radars delivered to India in 2002 – Stationed NE of Bangalore (South central India) and Konark (NE coast)

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 14 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Google Earth image of a Swordfish site

Swordfish Radar housed in protective dome Israeli Green Pine

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 15 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORK

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 16 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Initial Conclusions

  • For civil SSA, the issue does not appear to be a lack of sensors or

capabilities

  • There is a global deficit in knowledge about what sensors/networks

are available and their capabilities

  • There is a lack of technical/political capability to combine or share

data between sensors/networks

  • There are significant hurdles to overcome with data sharing, but none

appear to be insurmountable

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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 17 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Future Work

  • Phase 1: Compile first version of the database

– Sensor/network name, location, type, capabilities

  • Phase 2: Create Internet-accessible version of database

– Crowdsource updates/corrections – Hope to get countries involved in showcasing their capabilities – Visualizations (Google Earth layer?)

  • Phase 3: Analysis of shared/collaborative SSA and pros/cons of

various sensor/network combinations

– Prize for best analysis? (empower and leverage the crowd)

  • Need to quantify operational capabilities of sensors/networks
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Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Security 18 www.SecureWorldFoundation.org

AMOS Conference, 15-17 Sept. 2010

Questions?

bweeden@swfound.org