The Effect of Education on Health: Analyzing the Income Gap between - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Effect of Education on Health: Analyzing the Income Gap between Park Slope and Bedford- Stuyvesant

Sheba Antony, Marybeth Babu and Evan Biegel Spring 2016

Introduction

Park Slope and Bedford-Stuyvesant are two seemingly neighboring towns in Brooklyn that currently differ in a multitude of ways: 1. Income 2. Population 3. Health 4. Education

Park Slope Bed-Stuy What is responsible for these differences?

New York City Teacher Strike of 1968

Ocean Hill-Brownsville school district, 1968:

• 95% of students

were black or Latino

• 67% of teachers

were white May, 1968

• white teachers

deemed ineffective to teach students

• white teachers are

dismissed September, 1968

• previously dismissed

teachers are reinstated with “partner” teachers

• chaos in classrooms
• Union president Al

Shanker advocates a strike November, 1968

• NYS Board of

Regents declares district under state control

• strike terminates,

leaving the city in an even more racially separated position

Hypothesis

1. The 1968 Teacher Strike engendered more separation between races in NYC, in turn altering the education system. 2. Accompanying a change in the education system was a change in educational attainment and therefore income. 3. As the income gap between Park Slope and Bedford-Stuyvesant broadened, the quality of health in each area began to diverge. In sum, the education and health of an area are two major factors that influence the future state of the area.

Education

School Enrollment

• Overall, Bed-Stuy has more enrollment than Park Slope until the 2000s.
• In the past few years, enrollment in Park Slope has increased while enrollment in Bed-

Stuy has decreased.

• Conclusion: There has been an overall decline in enrollment; however, Park Slope

seems to be slowly recovering. Why?

Population

• Until the late 1990s, Bed-Stuy had a greater population than Park Slope.
• In the past few years, both populations have been increasing.
• Conclusion: Since 1970, both populations have declined, yet more people have lately

been moving to Park Slope rather than Bed-Stuy. Why?

Schools in Park Slope and Bed-Stuy

Diversity Scores:

• Park Slope = 0.69
• Bed-Stuy = 0.29
• NY Public School

Average = 0.36

Quality of Education

• We can not only measure the quality of education, but also the value of

education by analyzing test scores.

• There exists a major discrepancy in Standardized Test Performance. Why?

Educational Attainment

• Since 1990, more residents in Park Slope have earned at least a Bachelor’s Degree than in Bed-

Stuy.

• In the past few years, the difference in the number of people holding at least a Bachelor’s

Degree in Park Slope and Bed-Stuy has been declining.

• Conclusion: Adults with a higher educational attainment care for a higher quality of education

for their children. What are the implications of higher educational attainment on income?

Family Income

• Although educational

attainment in Bed-Stuy increased from 2000 to 2011, income decreased.

• One possible cause is

the recession in the late 2000s.

• Income has remained

relatively constant in Bed- Stuy compared to the major increase in Park Slope.

Summary: Education and Income

Factor Since 1970 Past few years Since 1970 Past few years School Enrollment Population Educational Attainment Family Income

Park Slope Bedford-Stuyvesant

• Factors that declined in both areas occurred in a greater capacity in Bed-Stuy.
• Factors that increased in both areas occurred in a greater capacity in Park Slope.
• What does this mean in terms of health?

Health

Health data in following charts are from 2015 Community Profiles from nyc.gov

Health Care

Health Care Accessibility Bedford-Stuyvesant Park Slope (and Carroll Gardens) No health insurance 20% 16% Went without needed medical care 12% 10% Late or no prenatal care 8% 1.6%

• Health care accessibility does not have that strong of a disparity between Bedford-

Stuyvesant and Park Slope in terms of not having insurance or not needing medical care

• However, lack of or late prenatal care is five times more in Bedford-Stuyvesant than in

Park Slope.

Self-Reported Health

• More adults in Park Slope

self-reported good health than in those in Bedford- Stuyvesant

• This data correlates with the

data about healthy and unhealthy habits collected Park Slope → more healthy habits Bedford-Stuyvesant→ more unhealthy habits

Disease

• Bedford-Stuyvesant has

○ higher rates of smoking, obesity, and diabetes ○ six times more new HIV diagnoses than Park Slope

Preventative Medicine

• Percentage of

vaccinations are similar in Bedford-Stuyvesant and in Park Slope

• There is more HIV

screening in Bedford- Stuyvesant, which correlates to the increased numbers of new HIV diagnoses in that area compared to Park slope

Hospitalizations

• Increased numbers of

hospitalization in Bedford-Stuyvesant compare to Park Slope reflects poorer health and poorer maintenance of health in Bedford Stuyvesant.

• Psychiatric

hospitalizations are especially higher in Bedford-Stuyvesant, perhaps reflecting the effects of stressors in the area, such as income.

Death

Life expectancy Bedford-Stuyvesant: 75.1 Park Slope: 80.3 Leading Causes of Death

Summary: Health

Self-Reported Health Hospitalization Health Care Prevention and Screening Disease Premature Deaths

Park Slope Bedford-Stuyvesant Conditions are generally better in Park Slope, which reflects how the inequalities in health and income leaves a lasting impact on the health of communities.

Correlation: Education and Health

Life Expectancy Discrepancy due to difference in Socioeconomic Status

Distinct communities, regardless of proximity, have different values that have many implications...

Higher Educational Attainment Lower Educational Attainment

Better quality of schools Higher income Healthier conditions Lesser quality schools Lower income Less healthy conditions

time This may seem obvious, though what may not be obvious is that these inequalities are interconnected...

Causation is difficult to prove

Education Inequality Income Inequality Health Inequality

Bibliography

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