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The Direct Energy Consumption of ICT Digitalization and the Rebound Effect - Seminar HS2019 Zuowen Wang | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 1 Road Map 1. Three major domains a. Personal Computers b. Communication Networks c. Data Centers 2.

  1. The Direct Energy Consumption of ICT Digitalization and the Rebound Effect - Seminar HS2019 Zuowen Wang | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 1

  2. Road Map 1. Three major domains a. Personal Computers b. Communication Networks c. Data Centers 2. Methodologies/Approaches 3. Outlook ： 5G Base Stations | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 2

  3. Three Domains Trends in worldwide ICT electricity consumption from 2007 to 2012 Personal Communication Data Centers Computers Networks | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 3

  4. Road Map 1. Three major domains a. Personal Computers b. Communication Networks c. Data Centers 2. Methodologies/Approaches 3. Outlook ： 5G Base Stations | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 4

  5. Personal Computers • Laptops • Desktops • LCD Monitors • CRT Monitors No smartphone/ tablet/ PDA etc. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 5

  6. Personal Computers • Laptops • Desktops • LCD Monitors • CRT Monitors No smartphone/ tablet/ PDA etc. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 6

  7. PC: Laptops, Desktops & Household, Office Approach: Annual Sales Data & lifetime distribution & energy/device | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 7

  8. PC: Laptops, Desktops & Household, Office Goal: Estimate #Laptops and #Desktops 1. sales data 1991-2010 (available) exponential extrapolation future sales data 2011-2012 | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 8

  9. PC: Laptops, Desktops & Household, Office Goal: Estimate #Laptops and #Desktops 2. #PC 2000-2006 (available) & #sales 1991-2006 (available) Lifetime distribution of PCs #PC in use 2.5 years year since purchase [1] UN, World population prospects: the 2010 revision, UN population Division, 2011 [2] UN, Millennium development goals indicators, UN Statistics Division, 2010. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 9

  10. PC: Laptops, Desktops & Household, Office [3]A brief history of personal computer vendors. Asymco [4]KPCB top mobile internet trends. M.Murphy [5]Energy consumption of consumer electronics in US homes in 2010. B. Urban | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 10

  11. PC: Laptops, Desktops & Household, Office [3]A brief history of personal computer vendors. Asymco [4]KPCB top mobile internet trends. M.Murphy [5]Energy consumption of consumer electronics in US homes in 2010. B. Urban | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 11

  12. External Monitors [6]Trends in worldwide ICT electricity consumption from 2007 to 2012. W.V. Heddeghem et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 12

  13. In Total [6]Trends in worldwide ICT electricity consumption from 2007 to 2012. W.V. Heddeghem et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 13

  14. In Total 1.3% 1.6% [6]Trends in worldwide ICT electricity consumption from 2007 to 2012. W.V. Heddeghem et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 14

  15. Presence and Future? • LCD Monitors “LED” is a type of LCD monitor: 20%-30% of power saving, can be used typically 5-10 years • CRT Monitors Future: maybe OLED monitor | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 15

  16. Presence and Future? • LCD Monitors “LED” is a type of LCD monitor: 1/10 of energy consumption, can be used over decades • CRT Monitors Future: maybe OLED [6]Trends in worldwide ICT electricity consumption from 2007 to 2012. W.V. Heddeghem et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 16

  17. Road Map 1. Three major domains a. Personal Computers b. Communication Networks c. Data Centers 2. Methodologies/Approaches 3. Outlook ： 5G Base Stations | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 17

  18. Communication Networks Customer Premises Access Office Networks Equipment (CPAE) Telecom Operator Networks | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 18

  19. Communication Networks [6]Trends in worldwide ICT electricity consumption from 2007 to 2012. W.V. Heddeghem et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 19

  20. Telecom Operator Networks Energy Consumption of several Operators Top Down Bottom Up “ Average ” Σ Power Consumption of Individual Network Components | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 20

  21. Telecom Operator Networks Energy Consumption of several Operators Top Down “ Average ” | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 21

  22. Telecom Operator Networks Bottom Up “ Average ” Σ Power Consumption of Individual Network Components | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 22

  23. Communication Networks CPAE Telecom Operator Networks [7]The Energy Intensity of the Internet: Home and Access Networks. V.C. Coroama et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 23

  24. Question CPAE Telecom Operator Networks [7]The Energy Intensity of the Internet: Home and Access Networks. V.C. Coroama et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 24

  25. Communication Networks | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 25

  26. Road Map 1. Three major domains a. Personal Computers b. Communication Networks c. Data Centers 2. Methodologies/Approaches 3. Outlook ： 5G Base Stations | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 26

  27. Data Centers • Servers • Communication Equipment (intra data center networks) • Storage • Infrastructure Overhead (cooling, UPS, lighting etc.) | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 27

  28. Data Centers [6]Trends in worldwide ICT electricity consumption from 2007 to 2012. W.V. Heddeghem et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 28

  29. Data Centers in Germany Energy consumption of servers and data centers in Germany in the year 2010 to 2017 (Source: Borderstep) [8] Energy consumption of data centers worldwide. R. Hintemann et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 29

  30. Data Centers in Germany • IT components: 5.8 billion kWh (2010) to 7.9 billion kWh (2017) • 36% • Infrastructure: 4.7 billion kWh (2010) to 5.3 billion kWh (2017) • 12% • PUE: 1.98 (2010) to 1.75 (2017) • Newly built ones: 1.3 and lower the Power Usage Effectiveness: total / IT [8] Energy consumption of data centers worldwide. R. Hintemann et al. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 30

  31. | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 31

  32. Three major domains - Conclusion | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 32

  33. Road Map 1. Three major domains a. Personal Computers b. Communication Networks c. Data Centers 2. Methodologies/Approaches 3. Outlook ： 5G Base Stations | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 41

  34. 5G Base Station BBU RRU Antenna AAU | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 42

  35. 5G Base Station | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 43

  36. 5G Base Station Type Load ZTE Huawei AAU/RUU avg. BBU avg AAU/RUU avg. BBU avg. （ W ） （ W ） （ W ） (W) 100% 1127.28 293.012 1175.4 325.8 50% 892.32 293.012 956.8 328.5 30% 762.43 292.537 856.9 319 5G 20% 733.92 292.233 797.5 319 10% 699.36 293.416 738.6 319 0% 633 293.568 663.0 330 100% 289.68 175.68 50% 273.58 174.32 4G 30% 259.1 171.92 0% 222.59 169.44 236.7 286.26 | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 44

  37. 5G Base Station | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 45

  38. 5G Base Station BBU(W) AAU(W) per Node(W) Huawei 500 1000 3500 ZTE 315 980 3255 Datang 800 1380 4940 Nokia-Bell Commercial product not yet finalized Ericsson 4G baseline 250 350 1300 | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 46

  39. bit efficiency? | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 47

  40. Source: Huawei 5G power whitebook. 2019 | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 48

  41. Source: Huawei 5G power whitebook. 2019 | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 49

  42. References ▪ [1] UN, World population prospects: the 2010 revision, UN population Division, 2011 ▪ [2] UN, Millennium development goals indicators, UN Statistics Division, 2010. ▪ [3]A brief history of personal computer vendors. Asymco ▪ [4]KPCB top mobile internet trends. M.Murphy ▪ [5]Energy consumption of consumer electronics in US homes in 2010. B. Urban ▪ [6]Trends in worldwide ICT electricity consumption from 2007 to 2012. W.V. Heddeghem et al. ▪ [7]The Energy Intensity of the Internet: Home and Access Networks. V.C. Coroama et al. ▪ [8] Energy consumption of data centers worldwide. R. Hintemann et al. ▪ [9] Energy Efficiency Challenges of 5G Small Cell Networks. 2017. X.H. Ge. Et al. ▪ [10] Source: Huawei 5G power whitebook. 2019 | | Zuowen Wang 13.10.2019 50

  43. ▪ Thanks for listening! ▪ Comments ? Questions? | | Gábor Sörös 25.07.2013 51

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