THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN Impact: Drugs and Alcohol HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN Impact: Drugs and Alcohol HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR AND ADDICTION Michael Nerney and Associates P.O. Box 93 Long Lake, NY, 12847-0093 518-624-5351 mcnerneyLL@frontiernet.net

NEW RESEARCH ON THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN  Discoveries from Neuroimaging  fMRI  Diffusion Spectrum Imaging  SQUID Magnetometry  MEG Magnetoencephalography

BRAIN IMAGING SYSTEMS  CAT  PET  TDI

WHO IS AT RISK?  Genetics  Environment  Experiences

P450 CYP2D6  Codeine converted to Morphine Metabolic function   Poor  Effective  Moderate  Ultra fast

A DISEASE OF THE BRAIN WHO IS AT RISK?  Genetics  Environment  Exposure

DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES  Chemical Trigger for Puberty  Kisspeptin  Signal to Endocrine System  Production of New Hormones  Male/Female

ADOLESCENT HORMONES  Pituitary Growth Hormone (PGH)  Physical Growth  Skeletal  Muscular  Head and Face  Self Esteem drop Spotlight phenomenon

ADOLESCENT HORMONES, CONT.  Testosterone  Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics  Estrogen  Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics

WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK?  200 Billion Cells  Grey Matter  White Matter  Migration and Activation  Cell Migration  Benchmarks

THE BRAIN

WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.  Emotional Intensity  2 to 4 Times  More Frequent Change  Male/Female  Legitimate/Normal

WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.  Emotional Intensity  Mirror, Mirror on the wall  A/A sites  Male/Female Brain Differences

WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK?  Emotional Intensity  What do I think?  How do I feel?  Risk/Reward in Change of Appearance

WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.  Depression  Serotonin Synthesis

GENDER DIFFERENCES

WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.  Problem Solving  Social/Emotional Crisis  The Crisis Chemical  THP THP  Emotional Support Essential

RISK FACTORS, CONT.  Emotional Stressors  Social Bonding  Negative Emotions  Boredom  Money

RISK FACTORS, CONT.  Males  Older male siblings  Females  Early puberty

RISK FACTORS  Family Dysfunction  #1 Risk Factor  Emotional and Learning  Disorders  School Failure  Social Isolation

MOTIVATION FOR DRUG USE  Seek drugs for:  Create positive effect in brain chemistry  Dopamine release in reward sites  Suppress negative emotions  Activation in specific sites

WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.  Risk Taking  New Sites of Activity  Influence of Peers  Male/Female

I SECOND THAT EMOTION  Social Bonding and Connecting You got to have friends.   Like and Admire

CULT LTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES  Role Models  TV TV  Social Media

RISK TAKING  Kylie Jenner Challenge

RISK TAKING

RISKY BUSINESS

ALCOHOL: NEW PRODUCTS  Alcohol treats  Pocket Shots

ALCOHOL: NEW PRODUCTS, CONT.  Malt Beverages  Malt brewed beer  Sugars  Flavors  20 20 – 24 ounces  7 7 – 13% alcohol

IMPULSE CONTROL  PRDM2 Down regulated Disrupts impulse control ECM- extracellular matrix PNN-perineuronal nets

ALCOHOL IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER DRUGS  Alcohol and Liver function  Liver Pathways  P 450  Busy signal, come back later

DRUG COMBINATIONS  Enhance Primary Drug Effect  Boost the initial drug  Slow metabolism  Grapefruit juice

DRUG COMBINATIONS  Reduce Negative Side Effects  Minimize unpleasant effects

DRUG COMBINATIONS  Alleviate Withdrawal  Mask the withdrawal symptoms  Two separate systems  One system suppression

ALCOHOL AND COCAINE  New Compound-Cocaethlyene  5 Times ½ Life  Cardiac arrest

ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA  Popular combination  Cross fade  Which one first  Toxic effect

ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE  Impact on Brain  Two systems activated  Stimulatory – caffeine  Biphasic – alcohol  Harvard University study  “Wide Awake Drunk”

ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS  Physical  Energized  Uncoordinated  30% drop in glucose uptake in motor cortex  30% drop in glucose uptake in visual cortex  Slower reaction time

ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS  High risk when operating any moving vehicle  Auto/motorcycle  32% of all crashes alcohol-related  Boat Boat  60% of fatalities alcohol-related  Bike/skateboard  High risk:  Swimming  Heights  Parties

ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS, CONT.  Behavioral  Sense of competence  Aggressive social interactions  Twice as likely to suffer physical injury  Twice as likely to get in fights  Twice as likely to be either a victim or a perpetrator of sexual assault

ALCOHOL AND HEROIN

ALCOHOL: COMBINATIONS  Robo-shots  Dextromethorphan  Opioid cough suppressant  Plus alcohol  Rapid and powerful intoxication  Motor control  Impulse control  Delusional

ALCOHOL AND PRESCRIPTION PAIN MEDICATIONS  Oxycontin  Vicodin  Roxanol  Opana

ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE  Reciprocal enhancement  By the numbers  Past and Present  Cancer and Cardiac

ALCOHOL: IMPACT ON ADOLESCENT BRAIN  Duke University study  NMDA pathways  Adult brain  Calming effect  Adolescent brain  Biphasic – excitatory effect  It’s a party!

LONG TERM OUTCOMES OF OF UNDERAGE DRINKING AND DRUG ABUSE  10% Loss of Volume in Prefrontal Cortex  Executive Function  Learning  Reasoning

LONG TERM OUTCOMES  10% Loss of Volume in Hippocampus  Memory  Motivation  Social Behaviors

BY THE NUMBERS Drug Overdose fatalities in the US 152 per day 64,404 per year Alcohol fatalities in the US. 241 per day 88,000 per year

ALCOHOL AND BAD BEHAVIORS  Homicide  Assault  Suicide  Males

A DAY AT THE BEACH  Spring, Summer, and Fall  Open water drownings  Male /Female

HIGH RISK  Driving  Swimming  Falls  Burns

THE CABIN IN THE WOODS  Highest Risk for Females  Second Location  More bad outcomes

NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE  Skin, Prostate, Pancreas, Breast, Liver,  Colon, Larynx, Esophagus  Dose Related  Cause Unknown

ALCOHOL RISK FACTORS  Age  Gender  Exposure  Amount

PREVENTION  Medical Staff  Parents  School  Law Enforcement

HEROIN  Unknowns  Cuts  Potency

ON THE STREET  Price  As low as $12

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION Routes of Administration  Snorting  Smoking  Injecting IV, SC, IM

RISK FACTORS  Addiction  Infection  Overdose

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

MARIJUANA MARKETING: IT’S GOOD FOR YOU

MARIJUANA SUBSTITUTES: RISKS  Lung function  Joints, blunts, pipes, bongs  Vaporizers  Unknown herbal products  Damiana  Yerba Mate  Loaded Blunts  Herbals plus smokable:  Marijuana  Heroin, H-Bomb  Cocaine, Coco Puffs  Methamphetamine, M&Ms  Ketamine, Klickums  Embalming Fluid, Water

MARIJUANA SUBSTITUTES: EFFECTS  Physical  Mild mental stimulation  Body relaxation  Social/Emotional  Relaxation  Laughter  Behavioral  Disconnected

MARIJUANA SYNTHETICS: SIGNIFICANT RISKS  Addiction  Anandamide influence  High potency – more activity in CB1 and CB2 sites  May lead to dependency and addiction  Tolerance  Withdrawal  Compulsion  Loss of Control  Continued Use Despite Consequences

NEW PRODUCTS  Marijuana candies

NEW PRODUCTS: DABBING  Butane Hash Oil  Amber, Shatter, Ear Wax

SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL COGNITIVE  Internalize new skills  Neural pathways and chemistry  How to learn  How to manage emotions  How to behave

DEVICES

CONCERNS  Brain Changes Related to Substance Abuse  Reward System Shutdown  Systemic Chemical Change  CREB  Embedded Emotional Memory  New Protein Activity  PKMzeta

WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.  A Work in Progress  Stages of Adolescent Development  Emerging Adult Brain  The Long and Winding Road

COMPONENTS OF TRUST 1. 1. Reliability 2. 2. Predictability 3. 3. Faith

EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT  Immediate  Social/Emotional Physical Appearance  Impact on Others

WRAP UP  Validate Emotions  Social Bonding  Risk-Taking Opportunities  Crisis Support  Early Intervention

HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS  Drug and Alcohol Use  Medicate for Feelings  Limited Practice Skills  No Life Skills  Social/Emotional  Relationship  Adult Brain  Less Fire Power  Harder Work