SLIDE 1 Impact: Drugs and Alcohol
THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR AND ADDICTION
Michael Nerney and Associates P.O. Box 93 Long Lake, NY, 12847-0093 518-624-5351
mcnerneyLL@frontiernet.net
SLIDE 2 Discoveries from Neuroimaging
- fMRI
- Diffusion Spectrum Imaging
- SQUID Magnetometry
- MEG Magnetoencephalography
NEW RESEARCH ON THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN
SLIDE 3 CAT PET TDI
BRAIN IMAGING SYSTEMS
SLIDE 4 Genetics Environment Experiences
WHO IS AT RISK?
SLIDE 5 Codeine converted to Morphine Metabolic function Poor Effective Moderate Ultra fast
P450 CYP2D6
SLIDE 6 Genetics Environment Exposure
A DISEASE OF THE BRAIN WHO IS AT RISK?
SLIDE 7 Chemical Trigger for Puberty
- Kisspeptin
- Signal to Endocrine System
- Production of New Hormones
- Male/Female
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES
SLIDE 8 Pituitary Growth Hormone (PGH)
- Physical Growth
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Head and Face
- Self Esteem drop Spotlight phenomenon
ADOLESCENT HORMONES
SLIDE 9 Testosterone
- Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics
Estrogen
- Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics
ADOLESCENT HORMONES, CONT.
SLIDE 10 200 Billion Cells
Migration and Activation
- Cell Migration
- Benchmarks
WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK?
SLIDE 11
THE BRAIN
SLIDE 12 Emotional Intensity
- 2 to 4 Times
- More Frequent Change
- Male/Female
Legitimate/Normal
WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.
SLIDE 13 Emotional Intensity
- Mirror, Mirror on the wall
- A/A sites
Male/Female Brain Differences
WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.
SLIDE 14 WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK?
Emotional Intensity
- What do I think?
- How do I feel?
- Risk/Reward in Change of
Appearance
SLIDE 15
Depression Serotonin Synthesis
WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.
SLIDE 16
GENDER DIFFERENCES
SLIDE 17 Problem Solving
The Crisis Chemical
THP
Emotional Support Essential
WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.
SLIDE 18 Emotional Stressors
- Social Bonding
- Negative Emotions
Boredom Money
RISK FACTORS, CONT.
SLIDE 19 Males
Females
RISK FACTORS, CONT.
SLIDE 20 Family Dysfunction
Emotional and Learning Disorders School Failure Social Isolation
RISK FACTORS
SLIDE 21 Seek drugs for:
- Create positive effect in brain chemistry
- Dopamine release in reward sites
- Suppress negative emotions
- Activation in specific sites
MOTIVATION FOR DRUG USE
SLIDE 22 Risk Taking
- New Sites of Activity
- Influence of Peers
- Male/Female
WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.
SLIDE 23
I SECOND THAT EMOTION
Social Bonding and Connecting You got to have friends. Like and Admire
SLIDE 24
CULT LTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Role Models TV TV Social Media
SLIDE 25 RISK TAKING
Kylie Jenner Challenge
SLIDE 26
RISK TAKING
SLIDE 27
RISKY BUSINESS
SLIDE 28 Alcohol treats Pocket Shots
ALCOHOL: NEW PRODUCTS
SLIDE 29 Malt Beverages
- Malt brewed beer
- Sugars
- Flavors
- 20
20 – 24 ounces
7 – 13% alcohol
ALCOHOL: NEW PRODUCTS, CONT.
SLIDE 30 IMPULSE CONTROL
PRDM2
Down regulated Disrupts impulse control
ECM-extracellular matrix PNN-perineuronal nets
SLIDE 31 ALCOHOL IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Alcohol and Liver function Liver Pathways P 450 Busy signal, come back later
SLIDE 32 Enhance Primary Drug Effect
- Boost the initial drug
- Slow metabolism
- Grapefruit juice
DRUG COMBINATIONS
SLIDE 33
Reduce Negative Side Effects
Minimize unpleasant effects
DRUG COMBINATIONS
SLIDE 34 Alleviate Withdrawal
- Mask the withdrawal symptoms
- Two separate systems
- One system suppression
DRUG COMBINATIONS
SLIDE 35
ALCOHOL AND COCAINE
New Compound-Cocaethlyene 5 Times ½ Life Cardiac arrest
SLIDE 36 ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA
Popular combination Cross fade Which one first Toxic effect
SLIDE 37 Impact on Brain
- Two systems activated
- Stimulatory – caffeine
- Biphasic – alcohol
- Harvard University study
- “Wide Awake Drunk”
ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE
SLIDE 38 Physical
- Energized
- Uncoordinated
- 30% drop in glucose uptake in motor cortex
- 30% drop in glucose uptake in visual cortex
- Slower reaction time
ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS
SLIDE 39 High risk when operating any moving vehicle
- Auto/motorcycle
- 32% of all crashes alcohol-related
- Boat
Boat
- 60% of fatalities alcohol-related
- Bike/skateboard
High risk:
ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS
SLIDE 40 Behavioral
- Sense of competence
- Aggressive social interactions
- Twice as likely to suffer physical injury
- Twice as likely to get in fights
- Twice as likely to be either a victim or a perpetrator of
sexual assault
ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS, CONT.
SLIDE 41
ALCOHOL AND HEROIN
SLIDE 42 Robo-shots
- Dextromethorphan
- Opioid cough suppressant
- Plus alcohol
- Rapid and powerful intoxication
- Motor control
- Impulse control
- Delusional
ALCOHOL: COMBINATIONS
SLIDE 43 Oxycontin Vicodin Roxanol Opana
ALCOHOL AND PRESCRIPTION PAIN MEDICATIONS
SLIDE 44 ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE
Reciprocal enhancement By the numbers Past and Present Cancer and Cardiac
SLIDE 45 Duke University study
Adult brain
Adolescent brain
- Biphasic – excitatory effect
- It’s a party!
ALCOHOL: IMPACT ON ADOLESCENT BRAIN
SLIDE 46 10% Loss of Volume in Prefrontal Cortex
- Executive Function
- Learning
- Reasoning
LONG TERM OUTCOMES OF OF UNDERAGE DRINKING AND DRUG ABUSE
SLIDE 47 10% Loss of Volume in Hippocampus
- Memory
- Motivation
- Social Behaviors
LONG TERM OUTCOMES
SLIDE 48
BY THE NUMBERS
Drug Overdose fatalities in the US 152 per day 64,404 per year Alcohol fatalities in the US. 241 per day 88,000 per year
SLIDE 49 ALCOHOL AND BAD BEHAVIORS
Homicide Assault Suicide
SLIDE 50 A DAY AT THE BEACH
Spring, Summer, and Fall Open water drownings Male /Female
SLIDE 51 HIGH RISK
Driving Swimming Falls Burns
SLIDE 52 Highest Risk for Females
- Second Location
- More bad outcomes
THE CABIN IN THE WOODS
SLIDE 53 NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
Skin, Prostate, Pancreas, Breast, Liver, Colon, Larynx, Esophagus Dose Related Cause Unknown
SLIDE 54 ALCOHOL RISK FACTORS
Age Gender Exposure Amount
SLIDE 55 Medical Staff Parents School Law Enforcement
PREVENTION
SLIDE 56 Unknowns
HEROIN
SLIDE 57 Price As low as $12
ON THE STREET
SLIDE 58 Routes of Administration
Snorting Smoking Injecting IV, SC, IM
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
SLIDE 59 Addiction Infection Overdose
RISK FACTORS
SLIDE 60
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
SLIDE 61
MARIJUANA MARKETING: IT’S GOOD FOR YOU
SLIDE 62 Lung function
- Joints, blunts, pipes, bongs
- Vaporizers
Unknown herbal products
Loaded Blunts
- Herbals plus smokable:
- Marijuana
- Heroin, H-Bomb
- Cocaine, Coco Puffs
- Methamphetamine, M&Ms
- Ketamine, Klickums
- Embalming Fluid, Water
MARIJUANA SUBSTITUTES: RISKS
SLIDE 63 Physical
- Mild mental stimulation
- Body relaxation
Social/Emotional
Behavioral
MARIJUANA SUBSTITUTES: EFFECTS
SLIDE 64 Addiction
- Anandamide influence
- High potency – more activity in CB1 and CB2 sites
- May lead to dependency and addiction
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal
- Compulsion
- Loss of Control
- Continued Use Despite Consequences
MARIJUANA SYNTHETICS: SIGNIFICANT RISKS
SLIDE 65
Marijuana candies
NEW PRODUCTS
SLIDE 66
Butane Hash Oil
Amber, Shatter, Ear Wax
NEW PRODUCTS: DABBING
SLIDE 67 Internalize new skills
- Neural pathways and chemistry
- How to learn
- How to manage emotions
- How to behave
SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL COGNITIVE
SLIDE 68
DEVICES
SLIDE 69 Brain Changes Related to Substance Abuse
- Reward System Shutdown
- Systemic Chemical Change
- CREB
- Embedded Emotional Memory
- New Protein Activity
- PKMzeta
CONCERNS
SLIDE 70 A Work in Progress
- Stages of Adolescent Development
Emerging Adult Brain
- The Long and Winding Road
WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT.
SLIDE 71 1.
2.
3.
COMPONENTS OF TRUST
SLIDE 72 EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT
Immediate Social/Emotional
Physical Appearance
Impact on Others
SLIDE 73
Validate Emotions Social Bonding Risk-Taking Opportunities Crisis Support Early Intervention
WRAP UP
SLIDE 74 Drug and Alcohol Use
Medicate for Feelings
Limited Practice Skills
- No Life Skills
- Social/Emotional
- Relationship
Adult Brain
- Less Fire Power
- Harder Work
HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS
