The 30 th APAN Meeting August 2010, in Hanoi, Vietnam 1). Graduate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

An application of GIS and Remote Sensing for Analysis of Agricultural Development-Induced Changes in Land Use: A case study in Lao PDR

1). Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Japan. 2).Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao PDR. 3). Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan E-Mails: boundeth_jong@yahoo.com; nanseki@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp

By Boundeth Southavilay1), 2), Teruaki Nanseki 3)

The 30th APAN Meeting August 2010, in Hanoi, Vietnam

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Contents

1. Introduction 2. Statement of problems 3. Objectives 4. Materials and Methods 5. Study area 6. Results and Discussions 7. Conclusions

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Introduction

• In the last decade, in Laos GIS and Remote sensing (RS) has not much used in

countrywide, including agriculture sector did not applied this technique for their agricultural development and land use planning.

• A meanwhile, in that times agriculture lands in Laos were transformed from subsistence

farming in uneconomic-sized farms to commercial and market-oriented farms. These transformed sometimes happens in improperly ways and induced to change in land use and land covers by despoilment of forest covers and traditional farming system.

• The problems above due to lack of an appropriate tool in terms of integrated spatial data
• n land use/land covers. However, recently GIS and remote sensing has been using in

several types of works in both government and private agencies. As we know, GIS and remote sensing have an important role in linkage and analysis of such data, in particular for detection, interpretation, area calculation, monitoring and future estimating. Therefore, this study applied GIS and remote sensing for analysis the land use pattern changes

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Statement of Problems

• After 1999, the landscape in the study area has been

changed cause of policy implementation such as rubber plantation and irrigation system were installed in the area, and than this place was changed in dynamics way of land use system

• The forest area was destroyed by increasingly shifting

cultivation and rubber plantation areas

• Lack of an appropriate tool for decision support system in

terms of land use decision

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Rubber plantation Shifting cultivation

Objectives

• To illustrate the change detection of land use and land

covers

• To create a tool for decision support system in the

watershed land use planning by created land zoning.

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Materials and Methods

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Materials

• Satellite images:

– Landsat ETM+ (25 January 1999), LIG format

• Resolution

– 30 m (band 1-5,7) – 15 m panchromatic – Landsat ETM+ (12 March 2004), BIL format

• Resolution

– 25 m (band 1-5,7) – 15 m panchromatic

• GIS data bases with thematic maps (Road

networks, River networks, Village points, Contour line, DEM and Ground check point- from GPS)

• Topography map 1:100,000

(Schema F-47-142 and F-47-130)

• Software: ArcView3.2a and Idrisi 32

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Methods

1. Geometric correction- to georeference maps to a map coordination system

– Image 1999 was registered to local topography maps with 15 ground control points. root-mean-square (RMC) error = 0.45 pixels. – Image 2004 was registered with registered of image 1999 (image to image). RMC= 0.14 pixels.

2. Change pixels size- because the pixel sizes of two images are different (30m and 25m)

– Change pixel 30m of image 1999 to 25m of image 2004

3. NDVI compositing utility – NDVI is useful for identifying of the green leaf from

• ther objects (water, soil…) It is expressed value -1 to

1 with 0 representing non vegetation – NDVI solve the shadow problem NDVI= (b4-b3)/(b4+b3)

NDVI image

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Methods (cont.)

• Images interpretation by Supervised classification

Training area (AOI)

• Supervised classification

– Maximum likelihood method

The training area from two images 345, and 2ndvi7 in the1999 and 2004

– classified to 11 classes

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• Create zone by overlaid three physical data (Ground data, GIS data and image

classification)

Study area

300msl 1250msl

The area is located in the northern Laos, Lat: 65º07'16" to 67º59'13" Long: 222º79'96" to 225º56'22". 43 villages

• Area 696 km2
• Watershed boundary area = 22 km2
• Elevation from 300 to 1,235 msl
• The lowland farms are located between 300 to 450 msl.

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Results and Discussions

• The result of interpretation of two images ETM+1999 and ETM+2004, it provided two

land use maps of 1999 and 2004. In each map was classified into 11 categories of land use/land cover types

Land covers 1999 Land covers 2004 Intensive of changed areas

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Results of Maximum Likelihood Classification of two images 1999 and 2004

land use classes 1999 2004 Km2 % Km2 % Dark evergreen forest 199.54 28.66 148.7 21.4 Bright evergreen forest 173.94 24.99 134.8 19.4 Disturbed forest/fallow 164.27 23.60 305.1 43.8 Bamboo 22.98 3.30 12.4 1.8 Field crop 32.53 4.67 4.0 0.6 Wet paddy 24.08 3.46 23.6 3.4 Irrigation paddy 10.5 1.5 Bare land/Wet soil 22.56 3.24 Reservoir 0.02 0.00 6.6 0.9 Mekong 6.62 0.95 3.1 0.4 Sandy area 1.70 0.24 4.1 0.6 Shrub/other crops 47.92 6.88 43.2 6.2 Total 696.2 100.00 696.2 100.0 land use classes Changes Km2 Percentage (%) Change rate (%km2/year) Dark evergreen forest

• 50.84
• 25.48
• 5.10

Bright evergreen forest

• 39.14
• 22.50
• 4.50

Disturbed forest/fallow 140.83 85.73 17.15 Bamboo

• 10.58
• 46.04
• 9.21

Field crop

• 28.53
• 87.70
• 17.54

Wet paddy

• 0.48
• 1.99
• 0.40

Irrigation paddy 10.5 0.00 Bare land/Wet soil

• 22.56
• 100.00
• 20.00

Reservoir 6.6 0.00 Mekong

• 3.52
• 53.17
• 10.63

Sandy area 2.4 141.18 28.24 Shrub/other crops

• 4.72
• 9.85
• 1.97

Changed

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Cheng detection

• The change detection is the process of identifying differences in the

state of an object or phenomenon by observing it at different times (Singh, 1989).

• The change detection of land use and land cover of the study area

was analyzed by cross-classification technique-

– by overlaid of two land use maps

+ =

1999 2004

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=

The change detection provides the characteristic changes of each land use type

Legend: DT‐ Disturbed forest/fallow EF‐ Evergreen forest FC‐ Field crop BB‐ Bamboo BL‐Bare land WPD‐ Wet paddy IPD‐ Irrigation paddy RV‐ Reservoir

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detection of land use/land cover by cross- classification during 1999 to 2004

No Land use change 1999-2004 Pixels Hectares Km2 % 1 Disturbed > Evergreen Forest 42676 2,667.25 26.67 3.83 2 Evergreen Forest > Disturbed 215062 13,441.38 134.41 19.31 3 Field crop > Disturbed 35353 2,209.56 22.10 3.17 4 Bare land > Disturbed 38975 2,435.94 24.36 3.50 5 Disturbed > Field crop 867 54.19 0.54 0.08 6 Wet paddy > Field crop 932 58.25 0.58 0.08 7 Disturb > Wet paddy 5504 344.00 3.44 0.49 8 Bare land > Wet paddy 7702 481.38 4.81 0.69 9 Disturbed > Irrigation paddy 5883 367.69 3.68 0.53 10 Field crop > Irrigation paddy 476 29.75 0.30 0.04 11 Wet paddy > Irrigation paddy 5398 337.38 3.37 0.48 12 Disturbed > Reservoir 2627 164.19 1.64 0.24 13 Wet paddy > Reservoir 1941 121.31 1.21 0.17 14 Evergreen Forest > Bare land 3297 206.06 2.06 0.30 15 Disturbed > Bare land 20361 1,272.56 12.73 1.83 16 No changes 726786 45,424.13 454.24 65.25 Total 1113840 69615 696.15 100.00

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During 5 years 3 land use types were changed to shifting cultivation: 18,100ha

Land use changed in watershed boundary

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Dense forest Open forest Shifting cultivation Bamboo Field crop Wet paddy Bare land

Shrub land/other

Dense forest Open forest Shifting cultivation Bamboo Field crop Wet paddy Irrigated paddy field Reservoir Shrub land/other

May,1999 March, 2004

Land use types 1999 2004 Hectares % Hectares % Irrigated paddy (dry season) 0.00 0.00 202.44 0.92 Reservoir 0.00 0.00 467.82 2.14 Bare land/wet soil 551.38 2.51 0.00 0.00 Field crop 830.69 3.79 46.44 0.21 Bamboo 831.81 3.79 356.69 1.63 Wet paddy (rainy season) 952.56 4.34 740.25 3.37 Shrub/other crops 1596.69 7.28 1524.56 6.95 Mixed-deciduous forest 5286.25 24.10 2827.38 12.8 Dense forest 5813.31 26.50 4112.13 18.7 Shifting cultivation 6061.94 27.64 11657.81 53.1 Total areas 21935.50 100.0 21935.5 100.0

Land use/land cover changes from 1999 to 2004

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 1 2 Year Area (ha) Dense forest Mix-deciduous forest Bamboo Shifting cultivation Field crop Wet paddy Irrigation paddy Bare land/wet soil Reservoir Shrub/other crops

Zonation

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Ground information GIS data Remote Sensing

Land use/land cover Composite/NDVI maps Combine land use type/land holding in the villages Raster maps: Slope, DEM Population and village location

Watershed Zonation map

Vector maps: river, boundary

Decision Support Land use planning

• The zone was created by overlaid of three physical information (Ground data,

GIS data and satellite imagery data)

• The zonation can be regarded as a tool for sustainable agricultural

development in the watershed area.

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Development zone Buffer zone Conservation zone

The main purpose of this zone is to protect forest covers because this zone included headwater, district protected area and high forest cover and biodiversity. Area covered 43% The development zone includes integrated farming systems and more commonly associated with upland

• areas. Located along the river banks

and foothills. Land use options: paddy, fish ponds, rice/fish, terraced paddy, grazing, field crops, fruit trees, commercial tree. Area covered: 32% This zone is designed to link between development and conversation zones. Land use

• ption: field crop, fruit tree and

commercial tree Area covered 25%

Suggestion zones for sustainable of watershed management

The optional land use for sustainable agricultural development in the watershed area

19 x=Restricted potential, xx=Medium potential, xxx=High potential, o=not considered appropriate.

Conservation zone Conservation zone Development zone Buffer zone

The existing of land cover in the study area

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Development zone

Buffer zone

Conservation zone

Conclusions

For 1st objective 1.The total areas of the fallow forest were doubly increased from 16,427 ha in 1999 to 30,510 ha in 2004. This land use type was high potential to be mixed by different types of land use such as disturbed forest/fallow forest/shifting cultivation/rubber plantation. 2.Based on our results suggest that after irrigation dam was constructed, several types of land use areas were changed (decreased/increased) and fragmented (field crop, evergreen forest, fallow forest) as a result of both farmers who lost their lands and turned to clear-cut forest areas for upland rice cultivation, and private investment on commercial tree (rubber plantation).

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Conclusions (cont.)

For 2nd objective 1.The tool for decision support system in sustainable of agricultural development in this study is the land use zoning was created by GIS and remote sensing technique. By created 3 main land use zones.

• 1. Conservation zone
• 2. Buffer zone
• 3. Development (Agricultural) zone

2.These zones can be the most important tools for agricultural development planning because it provided integrated information on social and physical aspects of the study area.

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Thank you very much for your kind attention

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