Texas Pension Review Board Senate Committee on State Affairs April - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Texas Pension Review Board Senate Committee on State Affairs April - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Texas Pension Review Board Senate Committee on State Affairs April 4, 2018 PRB Overview Oversees all Texas public retirement systems , both state and local, in regard to their actuarial soundness and compliance with state law. Service


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Texas Pension Review Board

Senate Committee on State Affairs

April 4, 2018

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  • Oversees all Texas public retirement systems, both state and local, in

regard to their actuarial soundness and compliance with state law.

  • Service population consists of the members, administrators and

trustees of 340 individual public retirement plans, state and local government officials, and the public.

  • Current PRB activities:
  • intensive actuarial reviews of certain retirement systems facing

significant funding shortfall

  • interim studies to develop legislative recommendations on the

following topics: Funding Policies for Fixed Rate Pension Plans and Pooling of Assets for Smaller Plans

  • online pension dashboard to provide accessible current, historical,

and comparative data on Texas defined benefit plans

PRB Overview

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PUBLIC PENSION PLAN TYPES IN TEXAS

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  • A defined benefit (DB) plan promises the participant a specified

benefit at retirement, which is not tied to actual investment

  • performance. For public sector plans, generally, both the

employee and employer contribute to the plan, and plan assets are pooled and invested by the plan.

  • For participants in a defined contribution (DC) plan, the

contribution amount is defined, but the benefit at retirement is variable as a result of investment returns and based on the ending account balance.

  • Hybrid plans utilize both DB and DC components. In Texas, cash

balance plans utilize “notional accounts” that receive contributions and interest credits. Benefits are valued and funded like a DB plan.

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Public Pension Plan Types

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  • 340 Public Retirement Systems in Texas: 99 actuarially funded DB

plans (including 2 hybrid plans); 160 defined contribution and 81 pay-as-you-go volunteer firefighter plans.

  • The two hybrid/cash-balance plans are Texas Municipal Retirement

System (TMRS) and Texas County and District Retirement System (TCDRS). Currently, 872 municipalities are participating in TMRS, and 738 counties and districts are participating in TCDRS.

  • DC plans are primarily offered as supplemental plans by school

districts, housing authorities, municipal districts, COGs, and MHMR

  • facilities. Plan types include 401(a), 401(k), 403(b), and 457(b) plans.

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Landscape of Texas Public Pensions by Plan Type

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ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND PLAN LIABILITIES

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  • Funding a defined benefit (DB) plan requires assumptions to be

made about future events. Actuarial assumptions (along with current plan participant data and the benefit formula) are used to estimate future benefit obligations/the cost of the plan.

  • Assumptions do not drive costs, actual plan experience does.
  • Actuarial assumptions can be split into two broad categories:

economic and demographic.

  • Key economic assumptions: investment return, inflation, salary

increases, payroll growth.

Actuarial Assumptions

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Actuarial Standard of Practice #27 1. Appropriate for the purpose of the measurement 2. Reflects actuary’s professional judgement 3. Takes into account relevant historical and current economic data (the actuary should not give undue weight to recent experience) 4. Reflects the actuary’s estimate of future experience 5. It has no significant bias (i.e., it is not significantly optimistic or pessimistic)

ASOP Standards: Reasonable Economic Assumptions

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Plan actuary develops a recommendation for pension board consideration ➢Plan actuary considers the following:

  • plan’s investment policy statement
  • capital market assumptions to estimate future expected

returns

  • current and historical plan experience
  • investment and administrative expenses
  • cash flow timing

Process for Developing Investment Return Assumption

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Process for Developing Investment Return Assumption

Example Assumed Net Real Rate of Return = 4.5% Assumed Inflation Rate = 2.5% Investment Return Assumption = 7%

➢ A common approach is the building block method:

  • expected price inflation
  • real rate of return for each asset class

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Pension board adopts investment return assumption ➢ Considers the following:

  • plan actuary’s recommendation
  • investment consultant’s projections regarding the plan’s

expected return on assets

  • fiduciary duty to plan to choose an appropriate assumption

✓ not overly optimistic or pessimistic ✓ ability to weather adverse experience

  • peer comparison data and national trends

Process for Developing Investment Return Assumption

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  • Short-term fluctuations should not overly influence the expected

long-term investment return assumption; however order

  • matters. Lower returns in the near term will result in lower total

assets even if actual long-term average returns are closer to the return assumption.

  • Plans should regularly review their investment return and

inflation assumptions to ensure those assumptions align with the systems’ investment strategy, asset allocation, risk tolerance, and expected future returns on assets.

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Process for Developing Investment Return Assumption

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Impact of Investment Return Assumption

Investment Return Assumption = 8% Expected Investment Income Required Contributions Investment Return Assumption = 6% Required Contributions Expected Investment Income

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  • Has a direct, inverse correlation with the liability and expected

contribution requirements of a plan.

  • A higher return assumption leads to a lower liability calculation

and vice versa. Therefore, reducing the return assumption leads to an increase in the unfunded liability of a plan.

  • Lowering the return assumption results in higher contribution

requirement.

  • If a retirement plan receives the increased contribution, its

actuarial soundness should not be affected in the long term.

Impact of Investment Return Assumption

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Investment Return Assumption Trends

  • The average investment return assumption for Texas public retirement systems is

currently 7.46%. The national average is 7.36% (NASRA, Feb. 2018).

  • In response to projected market conditions and actual plan experience, retirement

systems across the country including Texas have reduced their return assumptions in recent years, and we expect this trend to continue.

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Texas Plans’ Investment Return Assumptions Current AV Effective Date Prior AV Effective Date > 8.00% 1 3 8.00% 16 22 > 7.50%, < 8.00% 26 22 7.50% 16 17 > 7.00%, < 7.50% 13 7 7.00% 10 14 < 7.00% 11 6 Total Plans Registered 93 91

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Average Actual Investment Returns

Average Returns by Plan Type

Plan Type 1-Year Net 3-Year Net 10-Year Net Statewide 9.10% 5.70% 5.52% Municipal 8.26% 3.50% 4.66% Local Fire Fighter 6.46% 2.96% 4.18% Special District/ Supplemental 6.70% 4.39% 4.90% Total 7.04% 4.39% 4.90%

According to the most recent fiscal year-end Investment Returns and Assumptions Report.

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 Blue Ribbon Panel on Public Pension Plan Funding, Society of Actuaries. https://www.soa.org/blueribbonpanel/  ASOP 27, Selection of Economic Assumptions for Measuring Pension Obligations, Actuarial Standards Board. http://www.actuarialstandardsboard.org/wp- content/uploads/2014/02/asop027_172.pdf  Pension Plan Valuation: Views on Using Multiple Measures to Offer a More Complete Financial Picture, Government Accountability Office. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-14-264  Measuring Pension Obligations: Discount Rates Serve Various Purposes, American Academy of

  • Actuaries. https://www.actuary.org/files/IB_Measuring-Pension-Obligations_Nov-21-2013.pdf

 Public Pension Plan Investment Return Assumptions, NASRA. http://www.nasra.org/files/Issue%20Briefs/NASRAInvReturnAssumptBrief.pdf  2014 Study of the Financial Health of Texas Public Retirement Systems, PRB. http://www.prb.state.tx.us/files/reports/Financial_Health_Study_Final.pdf

Additional Resources

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  • PRB Online Courses: Actuarial Matters, Benefits

Administration, Investments, Governance, Fiduciary Matters, Ethics, Risk Management

  • Available at: http://www.prb.state.tx.us/resource-

center/trustees-administrators/educational-training-program/

  • Login: enter office and name. No password required.

www.prb.state.tx.us 512-463-1736

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Educational Resources

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Pension Review Board Pension Funding Guidelines (Adopted 01/26/17; Effective 06/30/17)

The purpose of the Pension Review Board’s Pension Funding Guidelines is to provide guidance to public retirement systems and their sponsoring governmental entities in meeting their long-term pension

  • bligations. The Guidelines are intended to foster communication between plans and their sponsors as

they determine a reasonable approach to responsible funding, whether the contribution rate is fixed or actuarially determined. Public retirement systems should develop a funding policy, the primary objective of which is to fund the

  • bligations over a time frame that ensures benefit security while balancing the additional, and

sometimes competing, goals of intergenerational equity and a stable contribution rate.

  • 1. The funding of a pension plan should reflect all plan obligations and assets.
  • 2. The allocation of the normal cost portion of the contributions should be level or declining as

a percentage of payroll over all generations of taxpayers, and should be calculated under applicable actuarial standards.

  • 3. Funding of the unfunded actuarial accrued liability should be level or declining as a percentage of

payroll over the amortization period.

  • 4. Actual contributions made to the plan should be sufficient to cover the normal cost and to amortize

the unfunded actuarial accrued liability over as brief a period as possible, but not to exceed 30 years, with 10 - 25 years being a more the preferable target range.* For plans that use multiple amortization layers, the weighted average of all amortization periods should not exceed 30 years.* Benefit increases should not be adopted if all plan changes being considered cause a material increase in the amortization period and if the resulting amortization period exceeds 25 years.

  • 5. The choice of assumptions should be reasonable, and should comply with applicable

actuarial standards.

  • 6. Retirement systems should monitor, review, and report the impact of actual plan experience on

actuarial assumptions at least once every five years. *Plans with amortization periods that exceed 30 years as of 06/30/2017 should seek to reduce their amortization

period to 30 years or less as soon as practicable, but not later than 06/30/2025.

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APPENDIX

Changes in Investment Return Assumptions: 2010 - 2018

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Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Statewide Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 8/31/2010 8.00% Infinite 83.16% 13.45% 6.50% 6.95% 8/31/2011 8.00% Infinite 82.61% 12.50% 6.50% 6.00% 8/31/2012 8.00% Infinite 80.97% 13.00% 6.50% 6.50% 8/31/2013 8.00% Infinite 77.36% 14.60% 6.60% 8.00% 8/31/2014 8.00% Infinite 77.24% 14.90% 6.90% 8.00% 8/31/2015 8.00% 33 76.33% 19.50% 9.50% 10.00% 8/31/2016 8.00% 35 75.23% 19.50% 9.50% 10.00% 8/31/2017 7.50% Infinite 70.08% 19.50% 9.50% 10.00% 8/31/2010 8.00% 12.6 93.88% 22.81% 5.98% 16.83% 8/31/2011 8.00% Infinite 94.59% 11.97% 5.97% 6.00% 8/31/2012 8.00% Infinite 95.30% 12.48% 5.98% 6.50% 8/31/2013 8.00% Infinite 88.57% 22.23% 6.57% 15.66% 8/31/2014 8.00% Infinite 90.20% 22.53% 6.87% 15.66% 8/31/2015 8.00% Infinite 92.23% 22.82% 7.16% 15.66% 8/31/2016 8.00% 49 92.86% 23.10% 7.44% 15.66% 8/31/2017 7.50% 63 90.78% 23.09% 7.43% 15.66% 8/31/2010 8.00% Infinite 83.06% 2.09% 0.50% 1.59% 8/31/2011 8.00% Infinite 83.65% 1.00% 0.50% 0.50% 8/31/2012 8.00% Infinite 79.70% 1.00% 0.50% 0.50% 8/31/2013 8.00% Infinite 70.40% 2.20% 0.50% 1.70% 8/31/2014 8.00% Infinite 73.22% 2.20% 0.50% 1.70% 8/31/2015 8.00% Infinite 72.03% 2.20% 0.50% 1.70% 8/31/2016 8.00% Infinite 71.13% 2.10% 0.50% 1.60% 8/31/2017 7.50% Infinite 66.01% 2.09% 0.50% 1.59% 12/31/2010 7.00% 30 82.94% 20.74% 6.58% 14.16% 12/31/2011 7.00% 30 85.08% 21.07% 6.57% 14.50% 12/31/2012 7.00% 30 87.22% 20.00% 6.60% 13.40% 12/31/2013 7.00% 18.6 84.10% 19.86% 6.61% 13.25% 12/31/2014 7.00% 20.9 85.79% 20.00% 6.61% 13.39% 12/31/2015 6.75% 20.6 85.79% 19.84% 6.62% 13.22% 12/31/2016 6.75% 19.7 86.25% 19.68% 6.63% 13.05% Texas Municipal Retirement System1 (TMRS) Employees Retirement System of Texas (ERS) Judicial Retirement System of Texas Plan Two (JRS II) Law Enforcement & Custodial Officer Supplemental Retirement Fund (LECOS)

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Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Municipal Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 12/31/2010 7.75% Infinite 69.60% 22.00% 8.00% 14.00% 12/31/2011 7.75% 27.1 65.70% 24.00% 8.00% 16.00% 12/31/2012 7.75% 27 63.90% 26.00% 8.00% 18.00% 12/31/2013 7.75% 26 70.38% 26.00% 8.00% 18.00% 12/31/2014 7.75% 24 70.91% 26.00% 8.00% 18.00% 12/31/2015 7.50% 33 68.05% 26.00% 8.00% 18.00% 12/31/2016 7.50% 31 67.47% 26.00% 8.00% 18.00% 12/31/2011 7.75% 20.91 87.32% 37.13% 16.20% 20.93% 12/31/2013 7.75% 10.51 91.75% 39.25% 17.20% 22.05% 12/31/2014 7.70% 10.57 90.93% 39.88% 17.83% 22.05% 12/31/2015 7.70% 12.29 89.92% 40.38% 18.33% 22.05% 12/31/2016 7.70% 16.17 88.26% 40.75% 18.70% 22.05% 12/31/2010 8.00% 23.2 70.46% 32.88% 13.00% 19.88% 12/31/2011 8.00% 25.2 67.92% 33.88% 13.00% 20.88% 12/31/2012 8.00% 29.4 65.20% 34.63% 13.00% 21.63% 12/31/2013 8.00% 28.9 66.39% 34.63% 13.00% 21.63% 12/31/2014 7.90% 28.6 67.45% 34.55% 13.00% 21.55% 12/31/2015 7.80% 31.3 66.57% 34.31% 13.00% 21.31% 12/31/2016 7.70% 27.3 66.16% 34.31% 13.00% 21.31% 12/31/2010 8.25% 30 92.24% 19.98% 10.79% 9.19% 12/31/2011 8.25% 30 86.00% 22.35% 11.87% 10.48% 12/31/2012 8.25% 30 80.89% 26.00% 13.06% 12.94% 12/31/2013 8.25% 51 85.14% 26.08% 13.06% 13.02% 12/31/2014 8.00% Infinite 80.94% 27.15% 13.32% 13.83% 12/31/2015 8.00% Infinite 80.41% 27.65% 13.32% 14.33% 12/31/2016 7.75% 47 80.42% 27.72% 13.32% 14.40% 1/1/2010 8.50% 26 81.85% 36.00% 8.50% 27.50% 1/1/2011 8.50% 21 79.50% 36.00% 8.50% 27.50% 1/1/2012 8.50% 30 73.90% 36.00% 8.50% 27.50% 1/1/2013 8.50% 23 78.10% 36.00% 8.50% 27.50% 1/1/2014 8.50% 26 75.59% 36.00% 8.50% 27.50% 1/1/2015 7.25% Infinite 63.80% 36.00% 8.50% 27.50% 1/1/2016 7.25% Infinite 45.07% 37.61% 7.08% 30.53% 1/1/2017 7.25% 44 49.41% 42.43% 9.37% 33.06% Austin Employees' Retirement System Austin Fire Fighters Relief & Retirement Fund Austin Police Retirement System Dallas Employees' Retirement Fund2 Dallas Police & Fire Pension System-Combined Plan

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Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Municipal Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 1/1/2010 8.50% 5 61.80% 146.74% 8.50% 138.24% 1/1/2011 8.50% 5 61.56% 182.70% 8.50% 174.20% 1/1/2012 8.50% 10 57.30% 323.37% 8.50% 314.87% 1/1/2013 8.50% 10 57.90% 438.89% 8.50% 430.39% 1/1/2014 8.50% 10 61.99% 357.03% 8.50% 348.53% 1/1/2015 7.25% 10 51.15% 447.28% 8.50% 438.78% 1/1/2016 7.25% 10 45.80% 427.98% 5.13% 422.85% 1/1/2017 7.25% 10 52.91% 406.21% 8.79% 397.42% 9/1/2010 8.00% 39 80.24% 19.40% 7.75% 11.65% 9/1/2012 7.50% 21 73.80% 21.20% 8.35% 12.85% 9/1/2013 7.50% 17 73.76% 21.20% 8.35% 12.85% 9/1/2014 7.50% 11 77.12% 23.00% 8.95% 14.05% 9/1/2016 7.50% 17 79.20% 23.00% 8.95% 14.05% 1/1/2010 8.50% 40.5 81.23% 24.37% 8.40% 15.97% 1/1/2011 8.25% 19.5 76.60% 28.38% 8.40% 19.98% 1/1/2012 8.25% 28.4 71.40% 28.39% 8.41% 19.98% 1/1/2013 8.00% 36 63.26% 28.36% 8.40% 19.96% 1/1/2014 8.00% 49.3 63.86% 28.39% 8.41% 19.98% 12/31/2014 8.00% 55.7 62.23% 27.92% 7.94% 19.98% 12/31/2015 7.75% 72.5 60.65% 27.97% 8.00% 19.97% 12/31/2016 7.75% Infinite 58.45% 28.04% 8.06% 19.98% 1/1/2010 8.00% 32 82.30% 15.75% 6.00% 9.75% 1/1/2011 8.00% Infinite 81.93% 14.93% 6.00% 8.93% 1/1/2012 8.00% Infinite 79.00% 14.88% 6.00% 8.88% 1/1/2013 8.00% Infinite 77.50% 15.00% 6.00% 9.00% 1/1/2014 8.00% Infinite 81.40% 15.00% 6.00% 9.00% 1/1/2015 8.00% 31.5 79.50% 15.00% 6.00% 9.00% 12/31/2015 7.50% 13.7 78.01% 15.00% 6.00% 9.00% 12/31/2016 7.25% 13.4 78.46% 15.00% 6.00% 9.00% 1/1/2010 7.50% 30.4 49.50% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 1/1/2011 7.50% 41.2 50.27% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 1/1/2012 7.50% 53.5 46.90% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 1/1/2013 7.50% 65.8 43.00% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 1/1/2014 7.50% 55.1 44.34% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 1/1/2015 8.00% 54.9 47.00% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 1/1/2016 8.00% 47.1 44.70% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 1/1/2017 8.00% 48.7 42.10% 24.83% 12.00% 12.83% 1/1/2018 7.50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A El Paso City Employees' Pension Fund Fort Worth Employees' Retirement Fund Galveston Employees' Retirement Fund Galveston Employees' Retirement Plan for Police3 Dallas Police & Fire Pension System-Supplemental

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Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Municipal Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 7/1/2010 8.50% 30 93.40% 38.40% 9.00% 29.40% 7/1/2011 8.50% 30 90.56% 32.90% 9.00% 23.90% 7/1/2012 8.50% 30 86.95% 32.90% 9.00% 23.90% 7/1/2013 8.50% 30 86.56% 32.90% 9.00% 23.90% 7/1/2015 8.50% 30 89.38% 42.20% 9.00% 33.20% 6/30/2016 7.25% 29 80.60% 42.20% 9.00% 33.20% 7/1/2016 7.00% 31 80.56% 42.39% 10.50% 31.89% 7/1/2017 7.00% 30 80.45% 43.49% 10.50% 32.99% 7/1/2010 8.50% 29 62.58% 19.81% 3.51% 16.30% 7/1/2011 8.50% 30 61.44% 21.13% 3.39% 17.74% 7/1/2012 8.50% 30 59.10% 24.29% 3.19% 21.10% 7/1/2013 8.50% 35 57.70% 26.82% 3.12% 23.70% 7/1/2014 8.50% 33 58.07% 28.10% 2.99% 25.11% 7/1/2015 8.00% 32 54.19% 30.12% 2.76% 27.36% 7/1/2016 7.00% 31 55.46% 30.84% 3.00% 27.84% 7/1/2017 7.00% 30 56.36% 32.00% 3.00% 29.00% 7/1/2010 8.50% 30 83.30% 30.02% 9.30% 20.72% 7/1/2011 8.50% 30 82.80% 30.43% 9.05% 21.38% 7/1/2012 8.50% 30 81.90% 33.08% 9.13% 23.95% 7/1/2013 8.50% Infinite 81.26% 35.61% 9.33% 26.28% 7/1/2014 8.00% 23 80.96% 37.66% 9.37% 28.29% 7/1/2015 8.00% 23 79.75% 39.69% 9.41% 30.28% 7/1/2016 7.00% 31 78.24% 42.27% 10.50% 31.77% 7/1/2017 7.00% 30 78.30% 42.35% 10.50% 31.85% 10/1/2010 7.75% 9.09 90.69% 36.96% 12.32% 24.64% 10/1/2011 7.75% 9.12 90.57% 36.96% 12.32% 24.64% 10/1/2012 7.50% 7.12 91.94% 36.96% 12.32% 24.64% 10/1/2013 7.50% 7.25 91.75% 36.96% 12.32% 24.64% 10/1/2014 7.50% 6.15 92.91% 36.96% 12.32% 24.64% 10/1/2015 7.25% 11.14 88.82% 36.96% 12.32% 24.64% 1/1/2017 7.25% 13.07 87.92% 36.96% 12.32% 24.64% Houston Police Officers' Pension System San Antonio Fire & Police Pension Fund Houston Firefighters' Relief & Retirement Fund Houston Municipal Employees Pension System

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Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Local Firefighter Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 1/1/2010 8.25% 35.9 84.01% 28.83% 11.00% 17.83% 1/1/2012 8.25% 41 78.19% 28.83% 11.00% 17.83% 1/1/2014 8.25% 28.8 82.98% 31.83% 13.00% 18.83% 12/31/2015 8.00% 34.5 81.82% 32.57% 13.00% 19.57% 12/31/2012 7.25% Infinite 72.98% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 12/31/2014 7.50% 36.2 81.87% 26.00% 13.00% 13.00% 12/31/2016 7.40% 28.4 82.13% 26.00% 13.00% 13.00% 12/31/2011 7.25% 31.8 39.90% 28.00% 8.00% 20.00% 12/31/2013 7.50% 37 43.76% 28.00% 8.00% 20.00% 12/31/2015 7.40% 36.1 44.63% 28.00% 8.00% 20.00% 12/31/2010 7.50% 25 56.81% 36.17% 13.00% 23.17% 12/31/2012 7.50% 34.1 57.36% 36.50% 13.00% 23.50% 12/31/2014 7.50% 27.3 65.30% 36.50% 13.00% 23.50% 12/31/2016 7.25% 49.6 65.42% 34.00% 13.00% 21.00% 12/31/2010 8.00% 22.3 58.60% 32.98% 12.20% 20.78% 12/31/2012 8.00% 26.7 55.00% 32.98% 12.20% 20.78% 12/31/2014 7.90% 23.1 61.36% 33.88% 13.10% 20.78% 12/31/2016 7.75% 23.1 62.14% 33.88% 13.10% 20.78% 12/31/2010 7.50% 29 51.90% 26.00% 12.00% 14.00% 12/31/2012 7.50% 28.6 47.90% 28.00% 14.00% 14.00% 12/31/2014 7.50% 24.2 53.54% 28.00% 14.00% 14.00% 12/31/2016 7.00% 28.9 53.14% 28.00% 14.00% 14.00% 12/31/2011 7.00% 31.7 72.00% 30.10% 12.60% 17.50% 12/31/2013 7.00% 24 77.14% 29.60% 12.60% 17.00% 12/31/2015 6.75% 31.6 80.82% 28.10% 12.60% 15.50% 1/1/2010 8.00% 26.8 72.80% 28.00% 14.00% 14.00% 1/1/2012 8.00% 42.8 68.87% 28.00% 14.00% 14.00% 1/1/2014 8.00% 50.2 69.65% 30.00% 16.00% 14.00% 12/31/2015 8.00% 47 68.10% 30.00% 16.00% 14.00% 12/31/2016 7.75% Infinite 68.04% 30.00% 16.00% 14.00% 12/31/2010 8.25% 45.7 54.70% 30.60% 15.30% 15.30% 12/31/2012 8.25% Infinite 47.40% 30.60% 15.30% 15.30% 12/31/2014 8.25% 70.4 48.94% 31.60% 15.30% 16.30% 12/31/2016 8.00% 38 47.69% 33.10% 16.30% 16.80% 3/31/2010 8.00% 23.5 63.20% 31.65% 14.00% 17.65% 9/30/2012 8.00% 29.8 54.10% 35.10% 15.00% 20.10% 9/30/2014 8.00% 29.8 59.72% 35.10% 15.00% 20.10% 9/30/2016 7.90% 28 59.28% 35.10% 15.00% 20.10% Denton Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Galveston Firefighter's Relief & Retirement Fund Greenville Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund4 Laredo Firefighters Retirement System Corsicana Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Amarillo Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Atlanta Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Brownwood Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Cleburne Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Corpus Christi Fire Fighters' Retirement System

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Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Local Firefighter Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 12/31/2010 8.00% 22.8 79.40% 35.26% 12.43% 22.83% 1/1/2013 8.00% 24.3 74.50% 35.06% 12.43% 22.63% 1/1/2015 7.75% 27.6 75.53% 34.16% 12.43% 21.73% 12/31/2016 7.75% 33.5 72.63% 34.24% 12.43% 21.81% 12/31/2010 8.00% 23.5 46.90% 32.69% 14.00% 18.69% 12/31/2012 7.75% 38.6 44.20% 33.05% 14.00% 19.05% 12/31/2014 7.75% 43.2 46.39% 33.05% 14.00% 19.05% 12/31/2016 7.75% 56.4 42.02% 33.05% 14.00% 19.05% 1/1/2018 7.50% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9/30/2010 8.00% 39.6 71.05% 22.00% 10.00% 12.00% 9/30/2012 8.00% 43.9 66.15% 24.00% 11.00% 13.00% 10/1/2014 7.75% 29 70.79% 24.00% 11.00% 13.00% 10/1/2016 7.75% 41.4 69.11% 24.00% 11.00% 13.00% 1/1/2011 8.50% 71 62.10% 31.45% 15.00% 16.45% 1/1/2013 8.25% Infinite 48.82% 30.15% 15.00% 15.15% 1/1/2015 8.25% Infinite 49.75% 31.00% 15.00% 16.00% 1/1/2016 7.75% Infinite 43.12% 31.00% 15.00% 16.00% 1/1/2017 7.75% 46.5 45.12% 38.00% 18.00% 20.00% 12/31/2010 8.00% 34.3 66.10% 25.00% 11.00% 14.00% 12/31/2012 8.00% 82.3 57.25% 25.00% 11.00% 14.00% 1/1/2015 7.75% 58.2 57.41% 25.00% 11.00% 14.00% 1/1/2017 7.75% 69.3 49.86% 26.00% 12.00% 14.00% 12/31/2011 7.00% 14.8 59.50% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 12/31/2013 7.00% 21.7 60.81% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 12/31/2015 7.50% 21.7 60.52% 24.00% 12.00% 12.00% 9/30/2010 7.75% 27.4 76.71% 29.62% 14.69% 14.93% 9/30/2012 8.00% 30.8 76.20% 29.62% 14.69% 14.93% 9/30/2014 8.00% 23 77.17% 30.24% 15.00% 15.24% 9/30/2016 7.75% 28.4 75.12% 30.24% 15.00% 15.24% 12/31/2011 7.75% 34 69.80% 32.00% 13.50% 18.50% 12/31/2013 7.75% 22.9 73.61% 33.00% 13.50% 19.50% 12/31/2015 7.65% 21.6 75.87% 33.00% 13.50% 19.50% Tyler Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Lubbock Fire Pension Fund Marshall Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund3 McAllen Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Odessa Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund Orange Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund San Benito Firemen Relief & Retirement Fund Temple Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund

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SLIDE 27

Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Special District/Supplemental Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 7/1/2011 6.50% 165.00% 3.50% 3.00% 0.50% 7/1/2012 5.50% 119.00% 3.50% 3.00% 0.50% 7/1/2013 5.50% 117.43% 3.80% 3.00% 0.80% 7/1/2014 5.50% 119.45% 3.60% 3.00% 0.60% 7/1/2015 5.50% 116.01% 4.90% 3.00% 1.90% 7/1/2016 5.00% 107.94% 6.00% 3.00% 3.00% 7/1/2017 5.00% 108.03% 5.00% 3.00% 2.00% 3/1/2011 7.50% 30 84.87% 2.93% 0.00% 2.93% 3/1/2012 6.50% 20 72.62% 6.60% 0.00% 6.60% 3/1/2013 6.50% 19 69.94% 7.55% 0.00% 7.55% 3/1/2014 6.50% 18 73.75% N/A N/A N/A 3/1/2015 6.50% 17 71.25% N/A N/A N/A 3/1/2016 6.50% 16 69.78% N/A N/A N/A 3/1/2017 6.50% 15 68.22% N/A N/A N/A 1/1/2010 7.50% 10.5 61.83% 8.10% 0.00% 8.10% 1/1/2012 7.50% 17.9 70.05% 8.64% 0.00% 8.64% 1/1/2013 7.00% 20 74.75% 8.88% 0.00% 8.88% 1/1/2014 7.00% 20 75.59% 8.91% 0.00% 8.91% 1/1/2015 7.00% 20 80.76% 10.40% 0.00% 10.40% 1/1/2016 7.00% 20 77.13% 10.55% 0.00% 10.55% 1/1/2017 6.75% 20 72.62% 12.59% 0.00% 12.59% 1/1/2010 7.50% 15.4 77.82% 17.59% 0.00% 17.59% 1/1/2011 7.50% 30 88.59% 17.04% 0.00% 17.04% 1/1/2012 7.00% 30 86.89% 17.47% 0.00% 17.47% 1/1/2013 7.00% 30 94.11% 16.42% 0.00% 16.42% 1/1/2014 7.00% 100.43% 15.29% 0.00% 15.29% 1/1/2015 6.75% 10 96.51% 11.49% 0.00% 11.49% 1/1/2016 6.75% 9.4 93.52% 13.34% 0.00% 13.34% 1/1/2017 6.25% 9.1 89.87% 15.23% 0.00% 15.23% 1/1/2010 7.75% 20 88.30% 21.45% 5.00% 16.45% 1/1/2011 7.75% 20 88.23% 21.38% 5.00% 16.38% 1/1/2012 7.75% 20 85.70% 20.77% 5.00% 15.77% 1/1/2013 7.75% 30 82.19% 23.70% 5.00% 18.70% 1/1/2014 7.50% 30 83.41% 23.00% 5.00% 18.00% 1/1/2015 7.50% 30 84.19% 23.90% 5.00% 18.90% 1/1/2016 7.50% 30 84.80% 24.07% 5.00% 19.07% Arlington Employees Deferred Income Plan Brazos River Authority Retirement Plan5 Capital MTA Retirement Plan for Administrative Employees Colorado River Municipal Water District Defined Benefit Retirement Plan & Trust6 CPS Energy Pension Plan

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SLIDE 28

Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Special District/Supplemental Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 1/1/2011 8.25% 30 87.28% 8.20% 4.50% 3.70% 1/1/2012 8.25% 30 86.23% 8.06% 4.50% 3.56% 1/1/2013 8.00% 30 80.00% 8.90% 4.50% 4.40% 1/1/2014 8.00% 30 82.53% 8.89% 4.50% 4.39% 1/1/2015 8.00% 29 76.35% 8.93% 4.50% 4.43% 1/1/2016 7.75% 28 74.91% 9.39% 4.50% 4.89% 1/1/2017 7.50% 27 73.76% 9.05% 4.50% 4.55% 1/1/2010 8.00% 25 68.94% 37.97% 7.00% 30.97% 1/1/2011 7.25% 24 67.28% 31.80% 7.00% 24.80% 1/1/2012 7.25% 23 66.97% 33.02% 7.00% 26.02% 1/1/2013 7.25% 22 67.17% 36.48% 7.00% 29.48% 1/1/2014 7.25% 21 72.38% 34.98% 7.00% 27.98% 1/1/2015 7.25% 20 76.12% 33.93% 7.00% 26.93% 1/1/2016 7.25% 19 74.83% 37.71% 7.00% 30.71% 1/1/2017 7.25% 18 75.60% 38.36% 7.00% 31.36% 1/1/2010 8.00% 25 74.90% 24.71% 0.00% 24.71% 1/1/2011 7.25% 24 72.50% 27.83% 0.00% 27.83% 1/1/2012 7.25% 23 71.80% 29.56% 0.00% 29.56% 1/1/2013 7.25% 22 71.81% 34.42% 0.00% 34.42% 1/1/2014 7.25% 21 77.10% 32.38% 0.00% 32.38% 1/1/2015 7.25% 20 81.27% 30.48% 0.00% 30.48% 1/1/2016 7.25% 19 78.26% 37.49% 0.00% 37.49% 1/1/2017 7.25% 18 80.28% 37.88% 0.00% 37.88% 10/1/2010 8.00% 30 82.50% 26.41% 0.01% 26.40% 10/1/2011 7.00% 30 72.37% 41.36% 0.01% 41.35% 10/1/2012 7.00% 30 69.16% 46.62% 0.01% 46.61% 10/1/2013 7.00% 30 70.73% 46.94% 0.01% 46.93% 10/1/2014 7.00% 30 74.27% 45.52% 0.01% 45.51% 10/1/2015 7.00% 11.2 75.15% 46.43% 0.02% 46.41% 10/1/2016 6.75% 12.4 76.53% 39.23% 0.02% 39.21% 1/1/2011 7.50% 30 72.62% 15.25% 0.00% 15.25% 1/1/2013 7.50% 30 71.35% 14.88% 0.00% 14.88% 1/1/2014 7.50% 30 81.85% 11.43% 0.00% 11.43% 1/1/2015 7.50% 30 82.91% 11.48% 0.00% 11.48% 1/1/2016 7.50% 25 78.88% 13.10% 0.00% 13.10% 1/1/2017 7.25% 24 73.26% 21.10% 0.00% 21.10% Dallas County Hospital District Retirement Income Plan Dallas/Fort Worth Airport Board DPS Retirement Plan Dallas/Fort Worth Airport Board Retirement Plan DART Employees' Defined Benefit Retirement Plan & Trust Galveston Wharves Pension Plan

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SLIDE 29

Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Special District/Supplemental Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 1/1/2010 8.00% 24 58.35% 47.27% 0.00% 47.27% 1/1/2011 7.75% 12.3 75.31% 19.10% 0.00% 19.10% 1/1/2012 7.75% 12.9 76.58% 18.42% 0.00% 18.42% 1/1/2013 7.75% 11.3 79.38% 20.80% 0.00% 20.80% 1/1/2014 7.50% 9.6 83.41% 12.00% 0.00% 12.00% 1/1/2015 7.25% 7.9 86.34% 12.00% 0.00% 12.00% 1/1/2016 7.00% 8.8 85.74% 14.04% 0.00% 14.04% 1/1/2017 7.00% 8.7 84.91% 16.12% 0.00% 16.12% 1/1/2010 8.00% 20 83.10% 10.07% 0.00% 10.07% 1/1/2011 8.00% 20 81.00% 9.54% 0.00% 9.54% 1/1/2012 8.00% 20 78.10% 12.00% 0.00% 12.00% 1/1/2013 7.50% 20 71.50% 15.40% 0.00% 15.40% 1/1/2014 7.50% 20 75.99% 14.85% 0.00% 14.85% 1/1/2015 7.50% 20 69.78% 16.03% 0.00% 16.03% 1/1/2016 7.50% 19.1 70.24% 16.77% 0.00% 16.77% 1/1/2017 7.50% 17.8 74.35% 16.82% 0.00% 16.82% 1/1/2010 8.00% 30 76.60% 19.02% 0.00% 19.02% 1/1/2011 8.00% 30 80.31% 18.52% 0.00% 18.52% 1/1/2012 8.00% 30 77.60% 17.41% 0.00% 17.41% 1/1/2013 8.00% 30 75.17% 19.93% 0.00% 19.93% 1/1/2014 8.00% 29 80.17% 19.75% 0.00% 19.75% 1/1/2015 6.75% 28 66.88% 19.87% 0.00% 19.87% 1/1/2016 6.75% 27 62.61% 23.74% 0.00% 23.74% 1/1/2017 6.75% 26 63.79% 26.01% 0.00% 26.01% 1/1/2010 8.00% 30 71.51% 14.05% 0.00% 14.05% 1/1/2011 8.00% 30 70.10% 14.40% 0.00% 14.40% 1/1/2012 8.00% 30 68.00% 15.36% 0.00% 15.36% 1/1/2013 8.00% 30 67.95% 15.61% 0.00% 15.61% 1/1/2014 8.00% 29 73.60% 12.68% 0.00% 12.68% 1/1/2015 6.75% 28 63.70% 16.53% 0.00% 16.53% 1/1/2016 6.75% 27 62.47% 17.77% 0.00% 17.77% 1/1/2017 6.75% 26 65.21% 16.67% 0.00% 16.67% 1/1/2010 7.00% Infinite 94.10% 2.50% 2.50% 0.00% 1/1/2011 7.00% Infinite 84.85% 2.50% 2.50% 0.00% 1/1/2012 7.00% 25.3 78.46% 3.92% 2.50% 1.42% 1/1/2013 7.00% 29.1 76.33% 3.99% 2.50% 1.49% 1/1/2014 7.00% 27.2 78.88% 3.99% 2.50% 1.49% 1/1/2015 7.00% 25 80.94% 3.99% 2.50% 1.49% 1/1/2016 6.75% 22.9 72.43% 4.64% 2.50% 2.14% Harris County Hospital District Pension Plan6 Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority Houston MTA Non-Union Pension Plan Houston MTA Workers Union Pension Plan Irving Supplemental Benefit Plan

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SLIDE 30

Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Special District/Supplemental Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 4/1/2010 7.50% 18.3 68.44% 10.60% 0.79% 9.81% 4/1/2011 7.50% 21.5 69.45% 17.87% 7.04% 10.83% 4/1/2012 7.50% 25 67.75% 14.25% 1.27% 12.98% 4/1/2013 7.50% 24 69.75% 16.27% 0.69% 15.58% 4/1/2014 7.50% 23 74.69% 23.93% 0.00% 23.93% 4/1/2015 7.50% 22 79.49% 24.30% 0.33% 23.97% 4/1/2016 7.25% 21 76.40% 16.11% 0.00% 16.11% 4/1/2017 7.25% 20 73.75% 17.10% 0.00% 17.10% 7/1/2010 8.00% 26.3 51.04% 9.84% 3.84% 6.00% 7/1/2011 8.00% 27.8 54.77% 9.84% 3.81% 6.03% 7/1/2012 8.00% 18 59.25% 11.24% 3.83% 7.41% 7/1/2013 7.50% 20 80.37% 8.03% 3.32% 4.71% 7/1/2014 7.50% 20 82.74% 8.77% 3.11% 5.66% 7/1/2015 7.25% 9.77 84.29% 8.57% 2.91% 5.66% 7/1/2011 8.00% 10 82.25% N/A N/A N/A 7/1/2012 8.00% 10 76.28% N/A N/A N/A 7/1/2013 7.50% 10 79.08% N/A N/A N/A 7/1/2014 7.50% 10 87.19% N/A N/A N/A 7/1/2015 7.50% 10 84.15% N/A N/A N/A 7/1/2016 7.50% 10 78.22% N/A N/A N/A 10/1/2010 8.00% 8.9 59.80% N/A N/A N/A 10/1/2011 8.00% 10.5 58.87% N/A N/A N/A 10/1/2012 8.00% 9.2 58.50% N/A N/A N/A 10/1/2013 8.00% 7.4 61.40% N/A N/A N/A 10/1/2015 7.50% 6 69.22% N/A N/A N/A 12/31/2011 7.75% 23 97.15% 3.28% 0.00% 3.28% 12/31/2013 7.75% 100.27% 3.12% 0.00% 3.12% 12/31/2015 7.50% 19 99.23% 3.62% 0.00% 3.62% 8/1/2010 7.25% 4 82.30% 30.70% 0.00% 30.70% 8/1/2011 7.25% 3 93.40% 30.39% 0.00% 30.39% 8/1/2012 7.25% 2 93.01% 28.30% 0.00% 28.30% 8/1/2013 7.00% 4 98.06% 29.30% 0.00% 29.30% 8/1/2014 7.00% 104.44% 16.82% 0.00% 16.82% 8/1/2015 7.00% 30 97.45% 14.73% 0.00% 14.73% 8/1/2016 7.00% 30 92.44% 17.06% 0.00% 17.06% 8/1/2017 6.75% 30 95.13% 16.71% 0.00% 16.71% Lower Colorado River Authority Retirement Plan Nacogdoches County Hospital District Retirement Plan Northeast Medical Center Hospital Retirement Plan5 Northwest Texas Healthcare System Retirement Plan5 Plano Retirement Security Plan Port of Houston Authority Retirement Plan

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SLIDE 31

Changes in Investment Return Assumptions 2010-2018 Texas Pension Review Board Special District/Supplemental Plans

Plan Name AV Date Return Assumption Amortization Period Funded Ratio Total Contribution Member Contribution Employer Contribution 11/1/2010 6.00% 10.4 59.30% 6.96% 0.00% 6.96% 11/1/2012 6.00% 13.6 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11/1/2014 7.00% 1 99.94% 0.08% 0.00% 0.08% 11/1/2015 7.00% 102.18% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11/1/2016 7.00% 102.30% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10/1/2010 8.00% 26 69.60% 15.11% 4.62% 10.49% 10/1/2011 7.50% 30 59.30% 16.73% 4.92% 11.81% 10/1/2012 7.50% 29 56.10% 18.74% 4.53% 14.21% 10/1/2013 7.50% 28 56.97% 20.27% 5.03% 15.24% 10/1/2014 7.50% 27 59.22% 19.50% 4.60% 14.90% 10/1/2015 7.50% 26 60.41% 18.55% 4.17% 14.38% 1/1/2010 7.50% 30 65.51% 8.68% 2.00% 6.68% 1/1/2011 7.50% 30 68.86% 8.67% 2.00% 6.67% 1/1/2012 7.50% 30 71.00% 8.74% 2.00% 6.74% 1/1/2013 7.50% 30 73.16% 8.55% 2.00% 6.55% 12/31/2013 7.50% 30 75.65% 8.70% 2.00% 6.70% 1/1/2014 7.50% 20.61 75.65% 8.70% 2.00% 6.70% 1/1/2015 7.50% 29 68.85% 8.14% 2.00% 6.14% 1/1/2016 7.00% 28 66.35% 8.68% 2.00% 6.68% Endnotes

1 Starting in 2013, the system's amortization period has been calculated using system wide aggregate UAAL and payroll amounts. 2 The amortization period for the 12/31/2015 AV was calculated by the PRB. 3 The plan has communicated to the PRB that its investment return assumption for 2018 and going forward has been lowered to 7.50%. 4 Latest amortization period reflects an employer contribution increase to 17.30% of payroll as of October 1, 2017 and an increase to 19.30% effective October 1, 2018. 5 Covered payroll is not (or no longer) reported for this plan. 6 Amortization period is calculated by the PRB.

University Health System Pension Plan Refugio County Memorial Hospital District Retirement Plan San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Retirement Plan

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SLIDE 32

Plans with No Investment Return Assumption Changes 2010 - 2018

Statewide Plans Return Assumption Teacher Retirement System of Texas (TRS) 8.00% Texas County & District Retirement System (TCDRS) 8.00% Texas Emergency Services Retirement System (TESRS) 7.75% Municipal Plans Return Assumption El Paso Firemen's Pension Fund 7.75% El Paso Police Pension Fund 7.75% Fort Worth Employees' Retirement Fund Staff Plan 7.75% Local Firefighter Plans Return Assumption Abilene Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Beaumont Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Big Spring Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Conroe Fire Fighters' Retirement Fund 7.75% Denison Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.75% Harlingen Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Irving Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.25% Killeen Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.75% Longview Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Lufkin Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.50% Midland Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Paris Firefighters' Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Plainview Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.75% Port Arthur Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% San Angelo Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.90% Sweetwater Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Texarkana Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.75% Texas City Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.75% The Woodlands Firefighters' Retirement System 7.00% Travis County ESD #6 Firefighter's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.00% University Park Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Waxahachie Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.00% Weslaco Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 7.25% Wichita Falls Firemen's Relief & Retirement Fund 8.00% Special District/Supplemental Plans Return Assumption Capital MTA Retirement Plan for Bargaining Unit Employees 7.50% Corpus Christi Regional Transportation Authority 7.50% El Paso Firemen & Policemen's Pension Staff Plan and Trust 7.75%

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