❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ✐♥ ❝♦❞✐♥❣ t❤❡♦r②
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥
❚❡❝❤♥✐❝❛❧ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❉❡♥♠❛r❦
▲❡✉✈❡♥✱ ❏✉♥❡ ✷✵✶✶
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
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P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
♠
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
✶ ✸
✷ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛♥ ❡❧❧✐♣t✐❝ ❝✉r✈❡ ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ♦✈❡r
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
✶ ✸ | q + ✶ + t✱ ✷ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛♥ ❡❧❧✐♣t✐❝ ❝✉r✈❡ ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ♦✈❡r Fq ✇✐t❤ q + ✶ + t
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
✶ ✸ | q + ✶ + t✱ ✷ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛♥ ❡❧❧✐♣t✐❝ ❝✉r✈❡ ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ♦✈❡r Fq ✇✐t❤ q + ✶ + t
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
❥=✶ ✐❥
❥=✶ ✐❥◗❥)
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
✶ ❞❡❣(✐(−✶)) = −✶✱ ✷ ❢♦r ❛♥② ❦ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ❥ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ✐(❦) − ✐(❦−✶) = ❡❥✳
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
✶ ❞❡❣(✐(−✶)) = −✶✱ ✷ ❢♦r ❛♥② ❦ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ❥ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ✐(❦) − ✐(❦−✶) = ❡❥✳
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s
P❡t❡r ❇❡❡❧❡♥ ❚♦r✐❝ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❞❡s