t rt rst - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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t r t rs t

t rt rst - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 02, 2023 698 likes •1.03k views

t rt rst rr rst s s trt

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SLIDE 1

❘❤②t❤♠✐❝ ♦r❣❛♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♥✈❡rs❛t✐♦♥

❉❛❧❡ ❇❛rr ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ●❧❛s❣♦✇ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ▼✉s✐❝ ❛♥❞ ■♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥ ❲♦r❦s❤♦♣ ◗✉❡❡♥ ▼❛r② ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ▲♦♥❞♦♥ ◆♦✈✳ ✾ ✷✵✶✷

✶ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 2

❈♦♦r❞✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❏♦✐♥t ❆❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❈♦♥✈❡rs❛t✐♦♥

❙♠♦♦t❤ ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t✐♦♥ r❡q✉✐r❡s ♣r❡❞✐❝t✐♥❣ ♥♦t ♦♥❧② ✇❤❛t ♦♥❡✬s ♣❛rt♥❡r ✇✐❧❧ ❞♦✱ ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ✇✐❧❧ ❞♦ ✐t✳

✷ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 3

❚❤❡ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝s ♦❢ ❆tt❡♥❞✐♥❣

▲❛r❣❡ ✫ ❏♦♥❡s✱ ✶✾✾✾

❢r♦♠ ❇❛r♥❡s ✫ ❏♦♥❡s✱ ✷✵✵✵

✸ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 4

■♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙②♥❝❤r♦♥② ✴ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t

▼❛♥② st✉❞✐❡s ❞♦ ♥♦t ♠❡❛s✉r❡ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s s②♥❝❤r♦♥②

✭❉✉♠❛s ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✶✵❀ ❱❛❧❞❡s♦❧♦ ❡t✳ ❛❧✱ ✷✵✶✵✮

❙②♥❝❤r♦♥② s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ✉s❡❞ t♦ ♠❡❛♥ ✏t❡♠♣♦r❛❧ ❝♦rr❡❧❛t✐♦♥✑

✭▲♦✇❡rs❡ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✐♥ ♣r❡ss✮

❙t✉❞✐❡s ❢♦❝✉s ♦♥ t❤❡ s♦❝✐❛❧✲❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐✈❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s②♥❝❤r♦♥②

✭❘✐❝❤❛r❞s♦♥✱ ▼❛rs❤✱ ✫ ❙❝❤♠✐❞t✱ ✷✵✵✺✮

P❡r❝❡♣t✉❛❧ ❝♦rr❡❧❛t❡s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ t❡♠♣♦✴r❤②t❤♠ ♥♦t ✇❡❧❧ ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞

✭❇✉❞❡r ✫ ❊r✐❝❝s♦♥✱ ✶✾✾✼✮

❙t❛t✐st✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s✿ ✈✐♦❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ❛ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥s

✭▼❝❉♦✇❛❧❧✱ ✶✾✼✽❀ ❇❛rr✱ ✐♥ ♣r❡♣✮

✹ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 5

❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇

✶ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ✐♥ ❏♦✐♥t ❆❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✷ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ❆❝r♦ss ❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❚✉r♥s ✸ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ❲✐t❤✐♥ ❛ ❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❚✉r♥ ✺ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 6

❊①♣ ✶✿ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ■♥ ❏♦✐♥t ❆❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s

✇✐t❤ ❆✐❦❛t❡r✐♥✐ P❛❧❛✐♦✉ ❛♥❞ ❉❛✈✐❞ ❙t♦❝❦✇❡❧❧

◗✉❡st✐♦♥

❉♦ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ❡♥tr❛✐♥ t♦ ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ t❡♠♣♦ ✐♥ ❥♦✐♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s❄ P❛✐rs ♦❢ ✈♦❧✉♥t❡❡rs ✭✈✐s✐t♦rs t♦ ●❧❛s❣♦✇ ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ❈❡♥tr❡✮ ❈♦♠♣✉t❡r✐③❡❞ ❝♦❧❧❛❜♦r❛t✐✈❡ ❣❛♠❡ ✭✷✵ r♦✉♥❞s✮

◮ ✇♦r❦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❣♦❧❞ st❛rs

❚✐♠✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❣❛♠❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡r ❡✈❡♥ts ❧♦❣❣❡❞ ✭❜✉tt♦♥ ♣r❡ss❡s✱ ♠♦✈❡♠❡♥t✮

✻ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 7

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✼ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 8

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✽ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 9

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✾ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 10

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✵ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 11

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✶ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 12

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✷ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 13

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✸ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 14

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✹ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 15

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✺ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 16

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✻ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 17

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✼ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 18

❛♠❡

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❑♥♦✇s st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥✬t ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ♦r s❡t ✢❛❣s ◮ ❈❛♥ ❡♠✐t ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✏❜❡❡♣✑

▼❛t❝❤❡r✬s ❉✐s♣❧❛②

◮ ❉♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ st❛r ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ◮ ❈❛♥ ♠♦✈❡ ❝✉rs♦r ❛♥❞ s❡t ✢❛❣s ✶✽ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 19

❆♥❛❧②s✐s

❘♦✉♥❞ ❉✐r❡❝t♦r ▼❛t❝❤❡r ✶ ❆ ❇ ✷ ❇ ❆ ✸ ❆ ❇ ✹ ❇ ❆ ✭❡t❝✳✮

❉✐r❡❝t♦r✴▼❛t❝❤❡r s✇❛♣ r♦❧❡s ❘❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠❛t❝❤❡r ❝✉rs♦r ♠♦✈❡♠❡♥t ♠❡❛s✉r❡❞

◮ ♠❡❛♥ ■❇■ ✭✐♥t❡r✲❜❡❛t ✐♥t❡r✈❛❧✮ ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧

r♦✉♥❞s

▲❛❣ ❡✛❡❝t✿ ♠❡❛♥ ■❇■ ❆ ♠✐♥✉s ♠❡❛♥ ■❇■ ❇ ❈♦♠♣❛r❡ ❧❛❣ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❞❛t❛ t♦ ◆❍❉ ❝♦♥str✉❝t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ✶✵✵✵✵ r❛♥❞♦♠❧② ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡❞ ♣❛✐rs

✶✾ ✴ ✸✶

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SLIDE 20

❘❡s✉❧ts

Player Lag Effect NHD

lag effect Frequency 240 260 280 300 320 340 400 800 1200

▲❛❣ ❡✛❡❝t ✭✷✺✵ ♠s✮ ❢♦r ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❧❛❜❡❧✐♥❣ r❡❧✐❛❜❧② s♠❛❧❧❡r t❤❛♥ ❛♥② ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✶✵✵✵✵ r❛♥❞♦♠ ♣❛✐r✐♥❣s P❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❡♥tr❛✐♥❡❞ ♠♦✈❡♠❡♥t t❡♠♣♦ ❛❝r♦ss r♦✉♥❞s

✷✵ ✴ ✸✶

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❊①♣ ✷✿ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ❆❝r♦ss ❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❚✉r♥s

✇✐t❤ ▼❛♥❞❛♥❛ ❙❡②❢❡❞❞✐♥✐♣✉r ❛♥❞ ❍❡❞❞❡r✐❦ ✈❛♥ ❘✐❥♥

❙✐♠♣❧❡✱ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❞✐❣✐t ❛r✐t❤♠❡t✐❝ ✾✻ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ❈♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ❍③ ❜♠♣ ■❇■ ✭♠s✮ ❋❛st ✷✳✷✵ ✻✻ ✹✺✹ ❙❧♦✇ ✶✳✽✺ ✺✺ ✺✹✶ ♠❡❛s✉r❡✿ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ t♦ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t ♦❢ s♣❡❛❦❡r✬s ✜♥❛❧ ❞✐❣✐t

✷✶ ✴ ✸✶

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❊①♣ ✷✿ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ❆❝r♦ss ❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❚✉r♥s

✇✐t❤ ▼❛♥❞❛♥❛ ❙❡②❢❡❞❞✐♥✐♣✉r ❛♥❞ ❍❡❞❞❡r✐❦ ✈❛♥ ❘✐❥♥

❙✐♠♣❧❡✱ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❞✐❣✐t ❛r✐t❤♠❡t✐❝ ✾✻ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ❈♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ❍③ ❜♠♣ ■❇■ ✭♠s✮ ❋❛st ✷✳✷✵ ✻✻ ✹✺✹ ❙❧♦✇ ✶✳✽✺ ✺✺ ✺✹✶ ♠❡❛s✉r❡✿ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ t♦ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t ♦❢ s♣❡❛❦❡r✬s ✜♥❛❧ ❞✐❣✐t

✷✷ ✴ ✸✶

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❊①♣ ✷✿ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ❆❝r♦ss ❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❚✉r♥s

✇✐t❤ ▼❛♥❞❛♥❛ ❙❡②❢❡❞❞✐♥✐♣✉r ❛♥❞ ❍❡❞❞❡r✐❦ ✈❛♥ ❘✐❥♥

❙✐♠♣❧❡✱ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❞✐❣✐t ❛r✐t❤♠❡t✐❝ ✾✻ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ❈♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ❍③ ❜♠♣ ■❇■ ✭♠s✮ ❋❛st ✷✳✷✵ ✻✻ ✹✺✹ ❙❧♦✇ ✶✳✽✺ ✺✺ ✺✹✶ ♠❡❛s✉r❡✿ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ t♦ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t ♦❢ s♣❡❛❦❡r✬s ✜♥❛❧ ❞✐❣✐t

✷✸ ✴ ✸✶

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❊①♣ ✷✿ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ❆❝r♦ss ❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❚✉r♥s

✇✐t❤ ▼❛♥❞❛♥❛ ❙❡②❢❡❞❞✐♥✐♣✉r ❛♥❞ ❍❡❞❞❡r✐❦ ✈❛♥ ❘✐❥♥

❙✐♠♣❧❡✱ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❞✐❣✐t ❛r✐t❤♠❡t✐❝ ✾✻ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ❈♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ❍③ ❜♠♣ ■❇■ ✭♠s✮ ❋❛st ✷✳✷✵ ✻✻ ✹✺✹ ❙❧♦✇ ✶✳✽✺ ✺✺ ✺✹✶ ♠❡❛s✉r❡✿ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ t♦ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t ♦❢ s♣❡❛❦❡r✬s ✜♥❛❧ ❞✐❣✐t

✷✹ ✴ ✸✶

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❊①♣ ✷✿ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ❆❝r♦ss ❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❚✉r♥s

✇✐t❤ ▼❛♥❞❛♥❛ ❙❡②❢❡❞❞✐♥✐♣✉r ❛♥❞ ❍❡❞❞❡r✐❦ ✈❛♥ ❘✐❥♥

❙✐♠♣❧❡✱ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❞✐❣✐t ❛r✐t❤♠❡t✐❝ ✾✻ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ❈♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ❍③ ❜♠♣ ■❇■ ✭♠s✮ ❋❛st ✷✳✷✵ ✻✻ ✹✺✹ ❙❧♦✇ ✶✳✽✺ ✺✺ ✺✹✶ ♠❡❛s✉r❡✿ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ t♦ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦♥s❡t ♦❢ s♣❡❛❦❡r✬s ✜♥❛❧ ❞✐❣✐t

✷✺ ✴ ✸✶

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❘❡s✉❧ts ✭◆❂✷✽✮

400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 20 40 60 80 100 140 Time (ms) Freq

s❝♦r❡❞ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ♦♥s❡t ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❛t r❛♥❞♦♠❧② ♣❡r♠✉t❡❞ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ❧❛❜❡❧s

◮ ✶✵✵✵✵ ♣❡r♠✉t❛t✐♦♥s ✭✇✐t❤✐♥✲s✉❜❥❡❝t✮

♣ = .✵✸✸✻

✷✻ ✴ ✸✶

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❊①♣ ✸✿ ❊♥tr❛✐♥♠❡♥t ❲✐t❤✐♥ ❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❚✉r♥s

✭Pr❡❧✐♠✐♥❛r② ❋✐♥❞✐♥❣s✮

◗✉❡st✐♦♥ ❉♦ s♣❡❛❦❡rs ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❡♠♣♦ ❛❝r♦ss s♣❡❡❝❤ ❤❡s✐t❛t✐♦♥s❄

❍✉♠❛♥s ❛s ♠❡❛s✉r✐♥❣ ❞❡✈✐❝❡s

◮ ✏❚❛♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❜❡❛t✑ ✭◆❂✸✻✮

❘❛♥❞♦♠❧② s❡❧❡❝t❡❞ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s s♣❡❡❝❤ ❢r♦♠ r❡❢❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t❛s❦ ✭✶✹ ❞②❛❞s✮ ❚✇♦ ✸✵s s❡❣♠❡♥ts ❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ❞②❛❞

✷✼ ✴ ✸✶

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❚❛♣♣✐♥❣ Pr♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ❆❝r♦ss ❙♣❡❡❝❤ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s

✷✽ ✴ ✸✶

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❘❡s✉❧ts

❆✈❡r❛❣❡ ✜rst t❛♣ ❘❚ ❛❢t❡r r❡s✉♠♣t✐♦♥✿ ✺✹✺ ♠s ❘❛♥❞♦♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ t❡st ✭◆❂✶✵✵✵✵✮✿ ♣ = .✵✵✹✷

✷✾ ✴ ✸✶

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❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥

■♥t❡r❛❝t❛♥ts ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤ ❛ ♠❛st❡r t❡♠♣♦ t❤❛t ❝♦♥tr♦❧s t✐♠✐♥❣ ♦❢✿

◮ ■♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ✐♥ ❥♦✐♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t❡s ◮ ❯♣t❛❦❡ ♦❢ s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ t✉r♥s ◮ ❘❡s✉♠♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ ❛❢t❡r ❤❡s✐t❛t✐♦♥s

▼❡❝❤❛♥✐s♠✿ ❝♦✉♣❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❡♥❞♦❣❡♥♦✉s ♥❡✉r❛❧ ♦s❝✐❧❧❛t♦rs

✭❲✐❧s♦♥ ✫ ❲✐❧s♦♥✱ ✷✵✵✺❀ ❉✉♠❛s ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✶✵❀ ●✐r❛✉❞ ✫ P♦❡♣♣❡❧✱ ✷✵✶✷✮

✸✵ ✴ ✸✶

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❆❝❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣♠❡♥ts

❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t ✶✿ ❙②♥❝❤r♦♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❏♦✐♥t ❆❝t✐♦♥ ❆✐❦❛t❡r✐♥✐ P❛❧❛✐♦✉ ❉❛✈✐❞ ❙t♦❝❦✇❡❧❧ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ❈♦❧❧❡❣❡ ▲♦♥❞♦♥ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ●❧❛s❣♦✇ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t ✷✿ ■♥t❡r✲❙♣❡❛❦❡r ❙②♥❝❤r♦♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❞❛♥❛ ❙❡②❢❡❞❞✐♥✐♣✉r ❍❡❞❞❡r✐❦ ✈❛♥ ❘✐❥♥ ❙❝❤♦♦❧ ♦❢ ❖r✐❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❆❢r✐❝❛♥ ❙t✉❞✐❡s ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ●r♦♥✐♥❣❡♥ ❚❛✐❦✐ ❑♦♥❞♦ ❍✉② ❍✉♦♥❣ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❈❛❧✐❢♦r♥✐❛✱ ❘✐✈❡rs✐❞❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❈❛❧✐❢♦r♥✐❛✱ ❘✐✈❡rs✐❞❡ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t ✸✿ ■♥tr❛✲❙♣❡❛❦❡r ❙②♥❝❤r♦♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❙✐❜②❧❧❡ ▼♦❤r ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ●❧❛s❣♦✇

✸✶ ✴ ✸✶