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t r t r s t t s

trt rstts - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 15, 2022 •127 likes •1.98k views

trt rstts t t rst st

  1. ❲❀❛t ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❋❧❛✈♩r❄ ■♠♣❡r❛t✐✈❡❄ ❙t❛❝❩ ❇❛s❡❞❄ ✭❏❛✈❛ ❇②t❡✲❝♊❞❡✮ ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞❄ ✭❣❝❝✬s rt❧✱ t❝ ✬s ❚r❡❡ ✮ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥❛❧❄ ▌♊st ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥❛❧ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ❛r❡ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡❞ ✐♥t♩ ❛ ❧♊✇❡r ❧❡✈❡❧ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✱ ❡✈❡♥t✉❛❧❧② ❛ s✐♠♣❧❡ λ ✲❝❛❧❝✉❧✉s✳ ❖t❀❡r❄ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✞ ✮ ✶✵✌

  2. ❲❀❛t ▲❡✈❡❧❄ ❆ ✇❀♊❧❡ r❛♥❣❡ ♊❢ ❡①♣r❡ss✐✈✐t✐❡s✱ t②♣✐❝❛❧❧② ❛✐♠✐♥❣ ❛t ♠❛❊✐♥❣ s♊♠❡ ♊♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♊♥s ❡❛s✐❡r✿ ❑❡❡♣ ❛rr❛② ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s❄ ❚❡s✿ ❛❞❡q✉❛t❡ ❢♊r ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❛♥❛❧②s✐s ❛♥❞ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ♊♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♊♥s✱ ◆♊✿ ●♩♩❞ ❢♊r ❝♊♥st❛♥t ❢♊❧❞✐♥❣✱ str❡♥❣t❀ r❡❞✉❝t✐♊♥✱ ❧♊♊♣ ✐♥✈❛r✐❛♥t ❝♊❞❡ ♠♩t✐♊♥✱ ❡t❝✳ ❑❡❡♣ ❧♊♊♣ ❝♊♥str✉❝ts❄ ❲❀❛t ❧❡✈❡❧ ♊❢ ♠❛❝❀✐♥❡ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡❄ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t r❡❣✐st❡r ♥❛♠❡s❄ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✹ ✮ ✶✵✌

  3. ❉❡s✐❣♥✐♥❣ ❛♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✏ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡✲❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ✐s ❧❛r❣❡❧② ❛♥ ❛rt✱ ♥♊t ❛ s❝✐❡♥❝❡✳ ✖ ❬▌✉❝❀♥✐❝❊✱ ✶✟✟✌❪ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  4. ❉✐✛❡r❡♥t ▲❡✈❡❧s ❬▌✉❝❀♥✐❝❊✱ ✶✟✟✌❪ ❢❧♊❛t ❛❬✷✵❪❬✶✵❪❀ ✳✳✳ ❛❬✐❪❬❥✰✷❪❀ t✶ ❁✲ ❛❬✐✱❥✰✷❪ t✶ ❁✲ ❥ ✰ ✷ r✶ ❁✲ ❬❢♣ ✲ ✹❪ t✷ ❁✲ ✐ ✯ ✷✵ r✷ ❁✲ r✶ ✰ ✷ t✾ ❁✲ t✶ ✰ t✷ r✾ ❁✲ ❬❢♣ ✲ ✜❪ t✹ ❁✲ ✹ ✯ t✾ r✹ ❁✲ r✾ ✯ ✷✵ t✺ ❁✲ ❛❞❞r ❛ r✺ ❁✲ r✹ ✰ r✷ t✻ ❁✲ t✺ ✰ t✹ r✻ ❁✲ ✹ ✯ r✺ t✌ ❁✲ ✯t✻ r✌ ❁✲ ❢♣ ✲ ✷✶✻ ❢✶ ❁✲ ❬r✌ ✰ r✻❪ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  5. ❉✐✛❡r❡♥t ▲❡✈❡❧s ❬▌✉❝❀♥✐❝❊✱ ✶✟✟✌❪ ❢❧♊❛t ❛❬✷✵❪❬✶✵❪❀ ✳✳✳ ❛❬✐❪❬❥✰✷❪❀ t✶ ❁✲ ❛❬✐✱❥✰✷❪ t✶ ❁✲ ❥ ✰ ✷ r✶ ❁✲ ❬❢♣ ✲ ✹❪ t✷ ❁✲ ✐ ✯ ✷✵ r✷ ❁✲ r✶ ✰ ✷ t✾ ❁✲ t✶ ✰ t✷ r✾ ❁✲ ❬❢♣ ✲ ✜❪ t✹ ❁✲ ✹ ✯ t✾ r✹ ❁✲ r✾ ✯ ✷✵ t✺ ❁✲ ❛❞❞r ❛ r✺ ❁✲ r✹ ✰ r✷ t✻ ❁✲ t✺ ✰ t✹ r✻ ❁✲ ✹ ✯ r✺ t✌ ❁✲ ✯t✻ r✌ ❁✲ ❢♣ ✲ ✷✶✻ ❢✶ ❁✲ ❬r✌ ✰ r✻❪ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  6. ❉✐✛❡r❡♥t ▲❡✈❡❧s ❬▌✉❝❀♥✐❝❊✱ ✶✟✟✌❪ ❢❧♊❛t ❛❬✷✵❪❬✶✵❪❀ ✳✳✳ ❛❬✐❪❬❥✰✷❪❀ t✶ ❁✲ ❛❬✐✱❥✰✷❪ t✶ ❁✲ ❥ ✰ ✷ r✶ ❁✲ ❬❢♣ ✲ ✹❪ t✷ ❁✲ ✐ ✯ ✷✵ r✷ ❁✲ r✶ ✰ ✷ t✾ ❁✲ t✶ ✰ t✷ r✾ ❁✲ ❬❢♣ ✲ ✜❪ t✹ ❁✲ ✹ ✯ t✾ r✹ ❁✲ r✾ ✯ ✷✵ t✺ ❁✲ ❛❞❞r ❛ r✺ ❁✲ r✹ ✰ r✷ t✻ ❁✲ t✺ ✰ t✹ r✻ ❁✲ ✹ ✯ r✺ t✌ ❁✲ ✯t✻ r✌ ❁✲ ❢♣ ✲ ✷✶✻ ❢✶ ❁✲ ❬r✌ ✰ r✻❪ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  7. ❉✐✛❡r❡♥t ▲❡✈❡❧s ❬▌✉❝❀♥✐❝❊✱ ✶✟✟✌❪ ❢❧♊❛t ❛❬✷✵❪❬✶✵❪❀ ✳✳✳ ❛❬✐❪❬❥✰✷❪❀ t✶ ❁✲ ❛❬✐✱❥✰✷❪ t✶ ❁✲ ❥ ✰ ✷ r✶ ❁✲ ❬❢♣ ✲ ✹❪ t✷ ❁✲ ✐ ✯ ✷✵ r✷ ❁✲ r✶ ✰ ✷ t✾ ❁✲ t✶ ✰ t✷ r✾ ❁✲ ❬❢♣ ✲ ✜❪ t✹ ❁✲ ✹ ✯ t✾ r✹ ❁✲ r✾ ✯ ✷✵ t✺ ❁✲ ❛❞❞r ❛ r✺ ❁✲ r✹ ✰ r✷ t✻ ❁✲ t✺ ✰ t✹ r✻ ❁✲ ✹ ✯ r✺ t✌ ❁✲ ✯t✻ r✌ ❁✲ ❢♣ ✲ ✷✶✻ ❢✶ ❁✲ ❬r✌ ✰ r✻❪ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  8. ❉✐✛❡r❡♥t ▲❡✈❡❧s✿ ❚❀❡ ●❈❈ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡

  9. ❙t❛❝❩ ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❏❛✈❛ ❇②t❡✲❈♊❞❡ ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❝❧❛ss ●❝❞ ④ st❛t✐❝ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ✐♥t ❣❝❞✭✐♥t ❛✱ ✐♥t ❜✮ ④ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✭❛ ✩❂ ❜✮ ④ ✐❢ ✭❛ ❃ ❜✮ ❛ ✲❂ ❜❀ ❡❧s❡ ❜ ✲❂ ❛❀ ⑥ r❡t✉r♥ ❛❀ ⑥ st❛t✐❝ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ✐♥t ♠❛✐♥✭❙tr✐♥❣❬❪ ❛r❣✮ ④ r❡t✉r♥ ❣❝❞✭✶✷✱ ✞✹✮❀ ⑥ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✜ ✮ ✶✵✌

  10. ❙t❛❝❩ ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❏❛✈❛ ❇②t❡✲❈♊❞❡ ✪ ❣❝❥✲✞✳✞ ✲❝ ❣❝❞✳❥❛✈❛ ✶✌✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✶ ✪ ❥❝❢✲❞✉♠♣✲✞✳✞ ✲❝ ❣❝❞ ✶✜✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✵ ✳✳✳ ✶✟✿ ✐s✉❜ ▌❡t❀♊❞ ♥❛♠❡✿✧❣❝❞✧ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ st❛t✐❝ ✷✵✿ ✐st♩r❡❎✶ ❙✐❣♥❛t✉r❡✿ ✺❂✭✐♥t✱✐♥t✮✐♥t ✷✶✿ ❣♊t♩ ✵ ❆ttr✐❜✉t❡ ✧❈♊❞❡✧✱ ❧❡♥❣t❀✿✻✻✱ ✷✹✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✵ ♠❛①❮st❛❝❊✿✷✱ ♠❛①❮❧♩❝❛❧s✿✷✱ ✷✺✿ ✐r❡t✉r♥ ❝♊❞❡❎❧❡♥❣t❀✿✷✻ ❆ttr✐❜✉t❡ ✧▲✐♥❡◆✉♠❜❡r❚❛❜❧❡✧✱ ✵✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✵ ❧❡♥❣t❀✿✷✷✱ ❝♊✉♥t✿ ✺ ✶✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✶ ❧✐♥❡✿ ✺ ❛t ♣❝✿ ✵ ✷✿ ✐❢❎✐❝♠♣❡q ✷✹ ❧✐♥❡✿ ✌ ❛t ♣❝✿ ✺ ✺✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✵ ❧✐♥❡✿ ✜ ❛t ♣❝✿ ✶✵ ✻✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✶ ❧✐♥❡✿ ✶✵ ❛t ♣❝✿ ✶✌ ✌✿ ✐❢❎✐❝♠♣❧❡ ✶✌ ❧✐♥❡✿ ✶✷ ❛t ♣❝✿ ✷✹ ✶✵✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✵ ✳✳✳ ✶✶✿ ✐❧♊❛❞❎✶ ✶✷✿ ✐s✉❜ ✶✞✿ ✐st♩r❡❎✵ ✶✹✿ ❣♊t♩ ✷✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶✟ ✮ ✶✵✌

  11. ❙t❛❝❩ ❇❛s❡❞ ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ❚r✐✈✐❛❧ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❚r✐✈✐❛❧ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡rs ◆♩ ♣r❡ss✉r❡ ♊♥ r❡❣✐st❡rs ❖❢t❡♥ ❝♊♠♣❛❝t ❉✐s❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ❉♊❡s ♥♊t ✜t ✇✐t❀ t♊❞❛②✬s ❛r❝❀✐t❡❝t✉r❡s ❍❛r❞ t♩ ❛♥❛❧②③❡ ❍❛r❞ t♩ ♊♣t✐♠✐③❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✵ ✮ ✶✵✌

  12. ❙t❛❝❩ ❇❛s❡❞ ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ❚r✐✈✐❛❧ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❚r✐✈✐❛❧ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡rs ◆♩ ♣r❡ss✉r❡ ♊♥ r❡❣✐st❡rs ❖❢t❡♥ ❝♊♠♣❛❝t ❉✐s❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ❉♊❡s ♥♊t ✜t ✇✐t❀ t♊❞❛②✬s ❛r❝❀✐t❡❝t✉r❡s ❍❛r❞ t♩ ❛♥❛❧②③❡ ❍❛r❞ t♩ ♊♣t✐♠✐③❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✵ ✮ ✶✵✌

  13. ❙t❛❝❩ ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ✉❝♊❞❡✱ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ❀♣ ♣❛✲r✐s❊✱ ❛♥❞ ♠✐♣s✱ ✇❛s ❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ ❢♊r st❛❝❩ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥ ✭❍P ✞✵✵✵ ✐s st❛❝❩ ❜❛s❡❞✮✳ ❚♊❞❛② ✐t ✐s ❧❡ss ❛❞❡q✉❛t❡✳ ♠✐♣s tr❛♥s❧❛t❡s ✐t ❜❛❝❩ ❛♥❞ ❢♊rt❀ t♩ tr✐♣❧❡s ❢♊r ♊♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♊♥✳ ❀♣ ❝♊♥✈❡rts ✐t ✐♥t♩ s❧❧✐❝ ✭❙♣❡❝tr✉♠ ▲♊✇ ▲❡✈❡❧ ✐r✮ ❬▌✉❝❀♥✐❝❊✱ ✶✟✟✌❪✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  14. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ t❝ ✬s ❚r❡❡ ❧❡t ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❣❝❞✭❛✿ ✐♥t✱ ❜✿ ✐♥t✮ ✿ ✐♥t ❂ ✭ ✇❀✐❧❡ ❛ ❁❃ ❜ ❞♩ ✐❢ ❛ ❃ ❜ t❀❡♥ ❛ ✿❂ ❛ ✲ ❜ ❡❧s❡ ❜ ✿❂ ❜ ✲ ❛❀ ❛ ✮ ✐♥ ♣r✐♥t❎✐♥t✭❣❝❞✭✹✷✱ ✺✶✮✮ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✷ ✮ ✶✵✌

  15. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ t❝ ✬s ❚r❡❡ ✭✶✎✹✮ ✎✯ ❂❂ ❍✐❣❀ ▲❡✈❡❧ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥✳ ❂❂ ✯✎ ★ ❘♩✉t✐♥❡✿ ❣❝❞ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✵ ★ Pr♊❧♊❣✉❡ ♠♊✈❡ t❡♠♣ t✵ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ♠♊✈❡ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ t❡♠♣ s♣ ♠♊✈❡ t❡♠♣ s♣ ❜✐♥♊♣ s✉❜ t❡♠♣ s♣ ❝♊♥st ✶✷ ♠♊✈❡ ♠❡♠ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ t❡♠♣ ✐✵ ♠♊✈❡ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st ✲✹ t❡♠♣ ✐✶ ♠♊✈❡ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st ✲✜ t❡♠♣ ✐✷ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✞ ✮ ✶✵✌

  16. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ t❝ ✬s ❚r❡❡ ✭✷✎✹✮ ★ ❇♊❞② ♠♊✈❡ t❡♠♣ r✈ ❡s❡q s❡q ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✷ ❝❥✉♠♣ ♥❡ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st − ✹ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st − ✜ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✾ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✶ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✾ s❡q ❝❥✉♠♣ ❣t ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st − ✹ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st − ✜ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✹ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✺ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✹ ♠♊✈❡ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st − ✹ ❜✐♥♊♣ s✉❜ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st − ✹ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st − ✜ ❥✉♠♣ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✻ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✹ ✮ ✶✵✌

  17. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ t❝ ✬s ❚r❡❡ ✭✞✎✹✮ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✺ ♠♊✈❡ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st ✲✜ ❜✐♥♊♣ s✉❜ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st ✲✜ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st ✲✹ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✻ s❡q ❡♥❞ ❥✉♠♣ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✷ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✶ s❡q ❡♥❞ ♠❡♠ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st ✲✹ ★ ❊♣✐❧♊❣✉❡ ♠♊✈❡ t❡♠♣ s♣ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ♠♊✈❡ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ t❡♠♣ t✵ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  18. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ t❝ ✬s ❚r❡❡ ✭✹✎✹✮ ★ ❘♩✉t✐♥❡✿ ❎♠❛✐♥ ❧❛❜❡❧ ♠❛✐♥ ★ Pr♊❧♊❣✉❡ ★ ❇♊❞② s❡q s①♣ ❝❛❧❧ ♥❛♠❡ ♣r✐♥t❎✐♥t ❝❛❧❧ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✵ t❡♠♣ ❢♣ ❝♊♥st ✹✷ ❝♊♥st ✺✶ ❝❛❧❧ ❡♥❞ ❝❛❧❧ ❡♥❞ s①♣ ❝♊♥st ✵ s❡q ❡♥❞ ★ ❊♣✐❧♊❣✉❡ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  19. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❲❀❛t ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡❄ ❍♩✇ ✐s t❀❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❝♊❞❡❞❄ ❆❞❞r❡ss❡s ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❀❛✈❡ ♥❛♠❡s✱ ♩r ✭❛❜s♩❧✉t❡✮ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s✳ ✭❙t❛❝❩ ❜❛s❡❞ ✐s ❛ ❜✐t ❧✐❊❡ ❛ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ ❛❞❞r❡ss✮✳ ✷ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ tr✐♣❧❡s ✮ ✾ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ q✉❛❞r✉♣❧❡s ✮ ❚r❡❡ ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❛r❡ ✉♥♥❛♠❡❞✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ ❡❛❝❀ ♩t❀❡r ❛s ♥♊❞❡s ♊❢ tr❡❡s ❞❛❣ ❈♊♠♣❛❝t✱ ❣♊♊❞ ❢♊r ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r✐♥❣✱ ❜✉t t❀❛t✬s ❛❧❧✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  20. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❲❀❛t ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡❄ ❍♩✇ ✐s t❀❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❝♊❞❡❞❄ ❆❞❞r❡ss❡s ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❀❛✈❡ ♥❛♠❡s✱ ♩r ✭❛❜s♩❧✉t❡✮ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s✳ ✭❙t❛❝❩ ❜❛s❡❞ ✐s ❛ ❜✐t ❧✐❊❡ ❛ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ ❛❞❞r❡ss✮✳ ✷ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ tr✐♣❧❡s ✮ ✾ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ q✉❛❞r✉♣❧❡s ✮ ❚r❡❡ ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❛r❡ ✉♥♥❛♠❡❞✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ ❡❛❝❀ ♩t❀❡r ❛s ♥♊❞❡s ♊❢ tr❡❡s ❞❛❣ ❈♊♠♣❛❝t✱ ❣♊♊❞ ❢♊r ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r✐♥❣✱ ❜✉t t❀❛t✬s ❛❧❧✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  21. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❲❀❛t ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡❄ ❍♩✇ ✐s t❀❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❝♊❞❡❞❄ ❆❞❞r❡ss❡s ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❀❛✈❡ ♥❛♠❡s✱ ♩r ✭❛❜s♩❧✉t❡✮ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s✳ ✭❙t❛❝❩ ❜❛s❡❞ ✐s ❛ ❜✐t ❧✐❊❡ ❛ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ ❛❞❞r❡ss✮✳ ✷ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ tr✐♣❧❡s ✮ ✾ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ q✉❛❞r✉♣❧❡s ✮ ❚r❡❡ ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❛r❡ ✉♥♥❛♠❡❞✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ ❡❛❝❀ ♩t❀❡r ❛s ♥♊❞❡s ♊❢ tr❡❡s ❞❛❣ ❈♊♠♣❛❝t✱ ❣♊♊❞ ❢♊r ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r✐♥❣✱ ❜✉t t❀❛t✬s ❛❧❧✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  22. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❲❀❛t ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡❄ ❍♩✇ ✐s t❀❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❝♊❞❡❞❄ ❆❞❞r❡ss❡s ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❀❛✈❡ ♥❛♠❡s✱ ♩r ✭❛❜s♩❧✉t❡✮ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s✳ ✭❙t❛❝❩ ❜❛s❡❞ ✐s ❛ ❜✐t ❧✐❊❡ ❛ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ ❛❞❞r❡ss✮✳ ✷ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ tr✐♣❧❡s ✮ ✾ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ q✉❛❞r✉♣❧❡s ✮ ❚r❡❡ ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❛r❡ ✉♥♥❛♠❡❞✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ ❡❛❝❀ ♩t❀❡r ❛s ♥♊❞❡s ♊❢ tr❡❡s ❞❛❣ ❈♊♠♣❛❝t✱ ❣♊♊❞ ❢♊r ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r✐♥❣✱ ❜✉t t❀❛t✬s ❛❧❧✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  23. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❲❀❛t ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡❄ ❍♩✇ ✐s t❀❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❝♊❞❡❞❄ ❆❞❞r❡ss❡s ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❀❛✈❡ ♥❛♠❡s✱ ♩r ✭❛❜s♩❧✉t❡✮ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s✳ ✭❙t❛❝❩ ❜❛s❡❞ ✐s ❛ ❜✐t ❧✐❊❡ ❛ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ ❛❞❞r❡ss✮✳ ✷ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ tr✐♣❧❡s ✮ ✾ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s❄ ✭ q✉❛❞r✉♣❧❡s ✮ ❚r❡❡ ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♊♥s ❛r❡ ✉♥♥❛♠❡❞✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ ❡❛❝❀ ♩t❀❡r ❛s ♥♊❞❡s ♊❢ tr❡❡s ❞❛❣ ❈♊♠♣❛❝t✱ ❣♊♊❞ ❢♊r ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r✐♥❣✱ ❜✉t t❀❛t✬s ❛❧❧✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  24. ◗✉❛❞r✉♣❧❡s ✈s✳ ❚r✐♣❧❡s ❬▌✉❝❀♥✐❝❊✱ ✶✟✟✌❪ ▲✶✿ ✐ ❁✲ ✐ ✰ ✶ ✭✶✮ ✐ ✰ ✶ ✭✷✮ ✐ st♩ ✭✶✮ t✶ ❁✲ ✐ ✰ ✶ ✭✞✮ ✐ ✰ ✶ t✷ ❁✲ ♣ ✰ ✹ ✭✹✮ ♣ ✰ ✹ t✾ ❁✲ ✯t✷ ✭✺✮ ✯✭✹✮ ♣ ❁✲ t✷ ✭✻✮ ♣ st♩ ✭✹✮ t✹ ❁✲ t✶ ❁ ✶✵ ✭✌✮ ✭✞✮ ❁ ✶✵ ✯r ❁✲ t✾ ✭✜✮ ✯r st♩ ✭✺✮ ✐❢ t✹ ❣♊t♩ ▲✶ ✭✟✮ ✐❢ ✭✌✮✱ ✭✶✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✜ ✮ ✶✵✌

  25. ◗✉❛❞r✉♣❧❡s ✈s✳ ❚r✐♣❧❡s ❬▌✉❝❀♥✐❝❊✱ ✶✟✟✌❪ ▲✶✿ ✐ ❁✲ ✐ ✰ ✶ ✭✶✮ ✐ ✰ ✶ ✭✷✮ ✐ st♩ ✭✶✮ t✶ ❁✲ ✐ ✰ ✶ ✭✞✮ ✐ ✰ ✶ t✷ ❁✲ ♣ ✰ ✹ ✭✹✮ ♣ ✰ ✹ t✾ ❁✲ ✯t✷ ✭✺✮ ✯✭✹✮ ♣ ❁✲ t✷ ✭✻✮ ♣ st♩ ✭✹✮ t✹ ❁✲ t✶ ❁ ✶✵ ✭✌✮ ✭✞✮ ❁ ✶✵ ✯r ❁✲ t✾ ✭✜✮ ✯r st♩ ✭✺✮ ✐❢ t✹ ❣♊t♩ ▲✶ ✭✟✮ ✐❢ ✭✌✮✱ ✭✶✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✜ ✮ ✶✵✌

  26. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❣❝❝✬s rt❧ ✐♥t ❣❝❞✭✐♥t ❛✱ ✐♥t ❜✮ ④ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✭❛ ✩❂ ❜✮ ④ ✐❢ ✭❛ ❃ ❜✮ ❛ ✲❂ ❜❀ ❡❧s❡ ❜ ✲❂ ❛❀ ⑥ r❡t✉r♥ ❛❀ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✷✟ ✮ ✶✵✌

  27. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❣❝❝✬s rt❧ ❀❀ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❣❝❞ ✭♥♊t❡ ✶ ✵ ✷ ✭✧❣❝❞✳❝✧✮ ✞✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✷ ✶ ✾ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❉❊▲❊❚❊❉✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✾ ✷ ✹ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❋❯◆❈❚■❖◆❎❇❊●✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✹ ✾ ✺ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❉❊▲❊❚❊❉✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✺ ✹ ✻ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❉❊▲❊❚❊❉✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✻ ✺ ✌ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❉❊▲❊❚❊❉✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✌ ✻ ✜ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✵ ❬✵①✵❪✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✵ ✮ ✶✵✌

  28. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❣❝❝✬s rt❧ ❝♊♥t✬❞ ✭♥♊t❡ ✜ ✌ ✟ ✭✧❣❝❞✳❝✧✮ ✹✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✟ ✜ ✹✵ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎▲❖❖P❎❇❊●✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✹✵ ✟ ✶✵ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎▲❖❖P❎❈❖◆❚✮ ✭❝♊❞❡❎❧❛❜❡❧ ✶✵ ✹✵ ✶✞ ✷ ✧✧ ✧✧ ❬✵ ✉s❡s❪✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✶✞ ✶✵ ✶✹ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✺✟✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ − ✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣ − ❛r❣s✮ ❬✵ ❛✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮ − ✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✶✹ ✶✞ ✶✺ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✿❈❈❩ ✶✌ ✢❛❣s✮ ✭❝♊♠♣❛r❡✿❈❈❩ ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✺✟✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭♣❧✉s✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ − ✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣ − ❛r❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✹ ❬✵①✹❪✮✮ ❬✵ ❜✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮✮ − ✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  29. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❣❝❝✬s rt❧ ❝♊♥t✬❞ ✭❥✉♠♣❎✐♥s♥ ✶✺ ✶✹ ✶✻ ✭s❡t ✭♣❝✮ ✭✐❢❎t❀❡♥❎❡❧s❡ ✭♥❡ ✭r❡❣✿❈❈❩ ✶✌ ❢❧❛❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✵ ❬✵①✵❪✮✮ ✭❧❛❜❡❧❎r❡❢ ✶✜✮ ✭♣❝✮✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭❥✉♠♣❎✐♥s♥ ✶✻ ✶✺ ✶✌ ✭s❡t ✭♣❝✮ ✭❧❛❜❡❧❎r❡❢ ✹✹✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭❜❛rr✐❡r ✶✌ ✶✻ ✶✜✮ ✭❝♊❞❡❎❧❛❜❡❧ ✶✜ ✶✌ ✶✟ ✹ ✧✧ ✧✧ ❬✵ ✉s❡s❪✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✶✟ ✶✜ ✷✵ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎▲❖❖P❮❊◆❉❮❚❖P❎❈❖◆❉✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✷✵ ✶✟ ✷✶ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❉❊▲❊❚❊❉✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✷✶ ✷✵ ✷✷ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❉❊▲❊❚❊❉✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✷ ✮ ✶✵✌

  30. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❣❝❝✬s rt❧ ❝♊♥t✬❞ ✭♥♊t❡ ✷✷ ✷✶ ✷✺ ✭✧❣❝❞✳❝✧✮ ✻✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✷✺ ✷✷ ✷✻ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✻✵✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ❬✵ ❛✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✷✻ ✷✺ ✷✌ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✿❈❈●❈ ✶✌ ❢❧❛❣s✮ ✭❝♊♠♣❛r❡✿❈❈●❈ ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✻✵✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭♣❧✉s✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✹ ❬✵①✹❪✮✮ ❬✵ ❜✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭❥✉♠♣❎✐♥s♥ ✷✌ ✷✻ ✷✜ ✭s❡t ✭♣❝✮ ✭✐❢❎t❀❡♥❎❡❧s❡ ✭❧❡ ✭r❡❣✿❈❈●❈ ✶✌ ❢❧❛❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✵ ❬✵①✵❪✮✮ ✭❧❛❜❡❧❎r❡❢ ✞✹✮ ✭♣❝✮✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✾✾ ✮ ✶✵✌

  31. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❣❝❝✬s rt❧ ❝♊♥t✬❞ ✭♥♊t❡ ✷✜ ✷✌ ✞✵ ✭✧❣❝❞✳❝✧✮ ✌✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✞✵ ✷✜ ✞✶ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✻✶✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭♣❧✉s✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✹ ❬✵①✹❪✮✮ ❬✵ ❜✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✞✶ ✞✵ ✞✷ ✭♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧❬ ✭s❡t ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ❬✵ ❛✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮ ✭♠✐♥✉s✿❙■ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ❬✵ ❛✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮ ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✻✶✮✮✮ ✭❝❧♊❜❜❡r ✭r❡❣✿❈❈ ✶✌ ❢❧❛❣s✮✮ ❪ ✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭❡①♣r❮❧✐st✿❘❊●❎❊◗❯❆▲ ✭♠✐♥✉s✿❙■ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ❬✵ ❛✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭♣❧✉s✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✹ ❬✵①✹❪✮✮ ❬✵ ❜✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮✮ ✭❥✉♠♣❎✐♥s♥ ✞✷ ✞✶ ✾✾ ✭s❡t ✭♣❝✮ ✭❧❛❜❡❧❎r❡❢ ✞✟✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭❜❛rr✐❡r ✾✾ ✞✷ ✞✹✮ ✭❝♊❞❡❎❧❛❜❡❧ ✞✹ ✾✾ ✞✺ ✺ ✧✧ ✧✧ ❬✵ ✉s❡s❪✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✹ ✮ ✶✵✌

  32. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❣❝❝✬s rt❧ ❝♊♥t✬❞ ✭♥♊t❡ ✞✺ ✞✹ ✞✌ ✭✧❣❝❞✳❝✧✮ ✟✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✞✌ ✞✺ ✞✜ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✻✷✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ❬✵ ❛✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✞✜ ✞✌ ✞✟ ✭♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧❬ ✭s❡t ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭♣❧✉s✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✹ ❬✵①✹❪✮✮ ❬✵ ❜✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮ ✭♠✐♥✉s✿❙■ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭♣❧✉s✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✹ ❬✵①✹❪✮✮ ❬✵ ❜✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮ ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✻✷✮✮✮ ✭❝❧♊❜❜❡r ✭r❡❣✿❈❈ ✶✌ ❢❧❛❣s✮✮ ❪ ✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭❡①♣r❮❧✐st✿❘❊●❎❊◗❯❆▲ ✭♠✐♥✉s✿❙■ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭♣❧✉s✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ✭❝♊♥st❎✐♥t ✹ ❬✵①✹❪✮✮ ❬✵ ❜✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ❬✵ ❛✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮✮ ✭❝♊❞❡❎❧❛❜❡❧ ✞✟ ✞✜ ✹✶ ✻ ✧✧ ✧✧ ❬✵ ✉s❡s❪✮ ✭❥✉♠♣❎✐♥s♥ ✹✶ ✞✟ ✹✷ ✭s❡t ✭♣❝✮ ✭❧❛❜❡❧❎r❡❢ ✶✵✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭❜❛rr✐❡r ✹✷ ✹✶ ✹✞✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✹✞ ✹✷ ✹✹ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎▲❖❖P❎❊◆❉✮ ✭❝♊❞❡❎❧❛❜❡❧ ✹✹ ✹✞ ✹✺ ✾ ✧✧ ✧✧ ❬✵ ✉s❡s❪✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  33. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞✿ ❣❝❝✬s rt❧ ❝♊♥t✬❞ ✭♥♊t❡ ✹✺ ✹✹ ✹✻ ✭✧❣❝❞✳❝✧✮ ✶✶✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✹✻ ✹✺ ✹✌ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❉❊▲❊❚❊❉✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✹✌ ✹✻ ✹✟ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❉❊▲❊❚❊❉✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✹✟ ✹✌ ✺✶ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✻✹✮ ✭♠❡♠✎❢✿❙■ ✭r❡❣✎❢✿❙■ ✺✞ ✈✐rt✉❛❧✲✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣✲❛r❣s✮ ❬✵ ❛✰✵ ❙✹ ❆✞✷❪✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✺✶ ✹✟ ✺✷ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✺✜✮ ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✻✹✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭❥✉♠♣❎✐♥s♥ ✺✷ ✺✶ ✺✞ ✭s❡t ✭♣❝✮ ✭❧❛❜❡❧❎r❡❢ ✺✻✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭❜❛rr✐❡r ✺✞ ✺✷ ✺✹✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✺✹ ✺✞ ✺✺ ◆❖❚❊❎■◆❙◆❎❋❯◆❈❚■❖◆❎❊◆❉✮ ✭♥♊t❡ ✺✺ ✺✹ ✺✟ ✭✧❣❝❞✳❝✧✮ ✶✷✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✺✟ ✺✺ ✻✵ ✭❝❧♊❜❜❡r ✭r❡❣✎✐✿❙■ ✵ ❡❛①✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✻✵ ✺✟ ✺✻ ✭❝❧♊❜❜❡r ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✺✜✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭❝♊❞❡❎❧❛❜❡❧ ✺✻ ✻✵ ✺✜ ✶ ✧✧ ✧✧ ❬✵ ✉s❡s❪✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✺✜ ✺✻ ✻✶ ✭s❡t ✭r❡❣✎✐✿❙■ ✵ ❡❛①✮ ✭r❡❣✿❙■ ✺✜✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ✭✐♥s♥ ✻✶ ✺✜ ✵ ✭✉s❡ ✭r❡❣✎✐✿❙■ ✵ ❡❛①✮✮ ✲✶ ✭♥✐❧✮ ✭♥✐❧✮✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  34. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞ ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ❙✉✐ts t♊❞❛②✬s ❛r❝❀✐t❡❝t✉r❡s ❈❧❡❛r❡r ❞❛t❛ ✢♊✇ ❉✐s❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ❍❛r❞❡r t♩ s②♥t❀❡s✐③❡ ▲❡ss ❝♊♠♣❛❝t ❍❛r❞❡r t♩ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  35. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❇❛s❡❞ ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ❙✉✐ts t♊❞❛②✬s ❛r❝❀✐t❡❝t✉r❡s ❈❧❡❛r❡r ❞❛t❛ ✢♊✇ ❉✐s❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ❍❛r❞❡r t♩ s②♥t❀❡s✐③❡ ▲❡ss ❝♊♠♣❛❝t ❍❛r❞❡r t♩ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  36. ❚r❡❡ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶ ❈♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ❚r❡❡ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✷ ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥ t♩ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✾ ❚❀❡ ❈❛s❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❚✐❣❡r ❈♊♠♣✐❧❡r ✹ ❧✐r✿ ▲♊✇ ▲❡✈❡❧ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✺ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✜ ✮ ✶✵✌

  37. ❚r❡❡ ❬❆♣♣❡❧✱ ✶✟✟✜❪ ❆ s✐♠♣❧❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✿ ❚r❡❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ ✭♥♊ ❊✐❞❞✐♥❣✳✳✳✮ ❯♥❜♊✉♥❞❡❞ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♊❢ r❡❣✐st❡rs ✭ t❡♠♣ ♩r❛r✐❡s✮ ❚✇♩ ✇❛② ❝♊♥❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧ ❥✉♠♣ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✞✟ ✮ ✶✵✌

  38. ❚r❡❡✿ ●r❛♠♠❛r ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ::= ✧❝♊♥st✧ ✐♥t | ✧♥❛♠❡✧ ï¿œ ▲❛❜❡❧ ï¿œ | ✧t❡♠♣✧ ï¿œ ❚❡♠♣ ï¿œ | ✧❜✐♥♊♣✧ ï¿œ ❖♣❡r ï¿œ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ | ✧♠❡♠✧ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ | ✧❝❛❧❧✧ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ❬④ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ⑥❪ ✧❝❛❧❧ ❡♥❞✧ | ✧❡s❡q✧ ï¿œ ❙t♠ ï¿œ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ï¿œ ❙t♠ ï¿œ ::= ✧♠♊✈❡✧ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ | ✧s①♣✧ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ | ✧❥✉♠♣✧ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ❬④ ï¿œ ▲❛❜❡❧ ï¿œ ⑥❪ | ✧❝❥✉♠♣✧ ï¿œ ❘❡❧♊♣ ï¿œ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ï¿œ ❊①♣ ï¿œ ï¿œ ▲❛❜❡❧ ï¿œ ï¿œ ▲❛❜❡❧ ï¿œ | ✧s❡q✧ ❬④ ï¿œ ❙t♠ ï¿œ ⑥❪ ✧s❡q ❡♥❞✧ | ✧❧❛❜❡❧✧ ï¿œ ▲❛❜❡❧ ï¿œ ï¿œ ❖♣❡r ï¿œ ::= ✧❛❞❞✧ | ✧s✉❜✧ | ✧♠✉❧✧ | ✧❞✐✈✧ | ✧♠♩❞✧ ï¿œ ❘❡❧♊♣ ï¿œ ::= ✧❡q✧ | ✧♥❡✧ | ✧❧t✧ | ✧❣t✧ | ✧❧❡✧ | ✧❣❡✧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✵ ✮ ✶✵✌

  39. ❚r❡❡ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s ✪ ❡❝❀♊ ✬✶ ✰ ✷ ✯ ✞✬ â‘€ t❝ ✲❍ ✲ ✎✯ ❂❂ ❍✐❣❀ ▲❡✈❡❧ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥✳ ❂❂ ✯✎ ★ ❘♩✉t✐♥❡✿ ▌❛✐♥ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ❧❛❜❡❧ ▌❛✐♥ ★ Pr♊❧♊❣✉❡ ★ ❇♊❞② s①♣ ❜✐♥♊♣ ❛❞❞ ❝♊♥st ✶ ❜✐♥♊♣ ♠✉❧ ❝♊♥st ✷ ❝♊♥st ✾ ★ ❊♣✐❧♊❣✉❡ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  40. ❚r❡❡ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s ✪ ❡❝❀♊ ✬✐❢ ✶ t❀❡♥ ♣r✐♥t❎✐♥t ✭✶✮✬ â‘€ t❝ ✲❍ ✲ ★ ❘♩✉t✐♥❡✿ ▌❛✐♥ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ❧❛❜❡❧ ▌❛✐♥ ★ Pr♊❧♊❣✉❡ ★ ❇♊❞② s❡q ❝❥✉♠♣ ♥❡✱ ❝♊♥st ✶✱ ❝♊♥st ✵✱ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✶✱ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✷ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✶ s①♣ ❝❛❧❧ ♥❛♠❡ ♣r✐♥t❎✐♥t✱ ❝♊♥st ✶ ❥✉♠♣ ♥❛♠❡ ❧✾ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✷ s①♣ ❝♊♥st ✵ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❧✾ s❡q ❡♥❞ ★ ❊♣✐❧♊❣✉❡ ❧❛❜❡❧ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✷ ✮ ✶✵✌

  41. ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✷ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ◆♊♥❧♊❝❛❧ ❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥ t♩ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✾ ❚❀❡ ❈❛s❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❚✐❣❡r ❈♊♠♣✐❧❡r ✹ ❧✐r✿ ▲♊✇ ▲❡✈❡❧ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✺ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✞ ✮ ✶✵✌

  42. ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✷ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ◆♊♥❧♊❝❛❧ ❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥ t♩ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✾ ❚❀❡ ❈❛s❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❚✐❣❡r ❈♊♠♣✐❧❡r ✹ ❧✐r✿ ▲♊✇ ▲❡✈❡❧ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✺ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✹ ✮ ✶✵✌

  43. ▌❡♠♊r② ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀② ❬❆♣♣❡❧✱ ✶✟✟✜❪ ❉✐✛❡r❡♥t ❊✐♥❞s ♊❢ ♠❡♠♊r② ✐♥ ❛ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡r✱ ✇✐t❀ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♣❡r❢♊r♠❛♥❝❡s✿ ❘❡❣✐st❡rs ❙♠❛❧❧ ♠❡♠♊r② ✉♥✐ts ❜✉✐❧t ♊♥ t❀❡ ❝♣✉ ✭❜②t❡s✱ ✶ ❝②❝❧❡✮ ▲✶ ❈❛❝❀❡ ▲❛st ♠❛✐♥ ♠❡♠♊r② ❛❝❝❡ss r❡s✉❧ts ✭❊❇✱ ✷✲✞ ❝②❝❧❡s✮ ▲✷ ❈❛❝❀❡ ✭▌❇✱ ✶✵ ❝②❝❧❡s✮ ▌❡♠♊r② ❚❀❡ ✉s✉❛❧ r❛♠ ✭●❇✱ ✶✵✵ ❝②❝❧❡s✮ ❙t♩r❛❣❡ ❉✐s❊s ✭✶✵✵●❇✱ ❚❇✱ > ✶▌❝②❝❧❡s✮ ❯s❡ t❀❡ r❡❣✐st❡rs ❛s ♠✉❝❀ ❛s ♣♊ss✐❜❧❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  44. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❖✈❡r✢♊✇ ❲❀❛t ✐❢ t❀❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♥♊t ❡♥♊✉❣❀ r❡❣✐st❡rs❄ ❯s❡ t❀❡ ♠❛✐♥ ♠❡♠♊r②✱ ❜✉t ❀♊✇❄ ❘❡❝✉rs✐♊♥✿ ❲✐t❀♊✉t ❊❛❝❀ ♥❛♠❡ ✐s ❜♊✉♥❞ ♊♥❝❡✳ ■t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ✉♥✐t ♊❢ ♠❛✐♥ ♠❡♠♊r②✳ ✭❈♊❜♊❧✱ ❈♊♥❝✉rr❡♥t P❛s❝❛❧✱ ❋♩rtr❛♥ ✭✉♥❧❡ss r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✮✮✳ ❲✐t❀ ❆ s✐♥❣❧❡ ♥❛♠❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♣❛rt ♊❢ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❝♊♥❝✉rr❡♥t ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣s✳ ▌❡♠♊r② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠✉st ❜❡ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  45. ❘❡❣✐st❡r ❖✈❡r✢♊✇ ❲❀❛t ✐❢ t❀❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♥♊t ❡♥♊✉❣❀ r❡❣✐st❡rs❄ ❯s❡ t❀❡ ♠❛✐♥ ♠❡♠♊r②✱ ❜✉t ❀♊✇❄ ❘❡❝✉rs✐♊♥✿ ❲✐t❀♊✉t ❊❛❝❀ ♥❛♠❡ ✐s ❜♊✉♥❞ ♊♥❝❡✳ ■t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ✉♥✐t ♊❢ ♠❛✐♥ ♠❡♠♊r②✳ ✭❈♊❜♊❧✱ ❈♊♥❝✉rr❡♥t P❛s❝❛❧✱ ❋♩rtr❛♥ ✭✉♥❧❡ss r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✮✮✳ ❲✐t❀ ❆ s✐♥❣❧❡ ♥❛♠❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♣❛rt ♊❢ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❝♊♥❝✉rr❡♥t ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣s✳ ▌❡♠♊r② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠✉st ❜❡ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  46. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ▌❡♠♊r② ❆❧❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ❉❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ t❀❡ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥❝❡✱ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧s✿ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ♊❜❥❡❝ts✱ ✇❀♊s❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❡q✉❛❧ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ ❛r❡ st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ st❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ❀♊st ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❛✉t♩ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❍❡❛♣ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♊❢ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss✿ ❯s❡r ❈♊♥tr♊❧❧❡❞ ♠❛❧❧♩❝ ✮ ❢r❡❡ ✭❈✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞✐s♣♊s❡ ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞❡❧❡t❡ ✭❈✰✰✮ ❡t❝✳ ●❛r❜❛❣❡ ❈♊❧❧❡❝t❡❞ ❲✐t❀ ♩r ✇✐t❀♊✉t ♥❡✇ ✭ ❧✐s♣ ✱ ❙♠❛❧❧t❛❧❊✱ ▌▲ ✱ ❍❛s❊❡❧❧✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ P❡r❧ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  47. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ▌❡♠♊r② ❆❧❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ❉❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ t❀❡ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥❝❡✱ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧s✿ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ♊❜❥❡❝ts✱ ✇❀♊s❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❡q✉❛❧ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ ❛r❡ st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ st❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ❀♊st ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❛✉t♩ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❍❡❛♣ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♊❢ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss✿ ❯s❡r ❈♊♥tr♊❧❧❡❞ ♠❛❧❧♩❝ ✮ ❢r❡❡ ✭❈✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞✐s♣♊s❡ ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞❡❧❡t❡ ✭❈✰✰✮ ❡t❝✳ ●❛r❜❛❣❡ ❈♊❧❧❡❝t❡❞ ❲✐t❀ ♩r ✇✐t❀♊✉t ♥❡✇ ✭ ❧✐s♣ ✱ ❙♠❛❧❧t❛❧❊✱ ▌▲ ✱ ❍❛s❊❡❧❧✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ P❡r❧ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  48. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ▌❡♠♊r② ❆❧❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ❉❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ t❀❡ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥❝❡✱ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧s✿ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ♊❜❥❡❝ts✱ ✇❀♊s❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❡q✉❛❧ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ ❛r❡ st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ st❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ❀♊st ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❛✉t♩ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❍❡❛♣ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♊❢ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss✿ ❯s❡r ❈♊♥tr♊❧❧❡❞ ♠❛❧❧♩❝ ✮ ❢r❡❡ ✭❈✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞✐s♣♊s❡ ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞❡❧❡t❡ ✭❈✰✰✮ ❡t❝✳ ●❛r❜❛❣❡ ❈♊❧❧❡❝t❡❞ ❲✐t❀ ♩r ✇✐t❀♊✉t ♥❡✇ ✭ ❧✐s♣ ✱ ❙♠❛❧❧t❛❧❊✱ ▌▲ ✱ ❍❛s❊❡❧❧✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ P❡r❧ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  49. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ▌❡♠♊r② ❆❧❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ❉❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ t❀❡ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥❝❡✱ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧s✿ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ♊❜❥❡❝ts✱ ✇❀♊s❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❡q✉❛❧ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ ❛r❡ st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ st❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ❀♊st ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❛✉t♩ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❍❡❛♣ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♊❢ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss✿ ❯s❡r ❈♊♥tr♊❧❧❡❞ ♠❛❧❧♩❝ ✮ ❢r❡❡ ✭❈✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞✐s♣♊s❡ ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞❡❧❡t❡ ✭❈✰✰✮ ❡t❝✳ ●❛r❜❛❣❡ ❈♊❧❧❡❝t❡❞ ❲✐t❀ ♩r ✇✐t❀♊✉t ♥❡✇ ✭ ❧✐s♣ ✱ ❙♠❛❧❧t❛❧❊✱ ▌▲ ✱ ❍❛s❊❡❧❧✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ P❡r❧ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  50. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ▌❡♠♊r② ❆❧❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ❉❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ t❀❡ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥❝❡✱ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧s✿ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ●❧♩❜❛❧ ♊❜❥❡❝ts✱ ✇❀♊s❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❡q✉❛❧ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ ❛r❡ st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ st❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❛t ♊❢ t❀❡ ❀♊st ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❛✉t♩ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥ ❈✮ ❍❡❛♣ ▲✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♊❢ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss✿ ❯s❡r ❈♊♥tr♊❧❧❡❞ ♠❛❧❧♩❝ ✮ ❢r❡❡ ✭❈✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞✐s♣♊s❡ ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✱ ♥❡✇ ✮ ❞❡❧❡t❡ ✭❈✰✰✮ ❡t❝✳ ●❛r❜❛❣❡ ❈♊❧❧❡❝t❡❞ ❲✐t❀ ♩r ✇✐t❀♊✉t ♥❡✇ ✭ ❧✐s♣ ✱ ❙♠❛❧❧t❛❧❊✱ ▌▲ ✱ ❍❛s❊❡❧❧✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ P❡r❧ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  51. s♣✐♠ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌♊❞❡❧ ❬▲❛r✉s✱ ✶✟✟✵❪ 0x7fffffff Stack Segment Data Segment Text Segment 0x400000 Reserved ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✜ ✮ ✶✵✌

  52. ❙t❛❝❩ ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❝❛❧❧s ✐s ❛ ❧❛st✲✐♥ ✜rst✲♊✉t ♣r♊❝❡ss✱ ❀❡♥❝❡✱ ✐t ✐s ♣r♊♣❡r❧② r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❜② ❛ st❛❝❊✳ ❖r✳✳✳ ✏❈❛❧❧ tr❡❡✑✿ t❀❡ ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡ ❀✐st♩r② ♊❢ ❝❛❧❧s✳ ❚❀❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ✐s ✐ts ❞❡♣t❀ ✜rst tr❛✈❡rs❛❧✳ ❉❡♣t❀✲✜rst ✇❛❧❩ r❡q✉✐r❡s ❛ st❛❝❊✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✹✟ ✮ ✶✵✌

  53. ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✷ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ◆♊♥❧♊❝❛❧ ❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥ t♩ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✾ ❚❀❡ ❈❛s❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❚✐❣❡r ❈♊♠♣✐❧❡r ✹ ❧✐r✿ ▲♊✇ ▲❡✈❡❧ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✺ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✵ ✮ ✶✵✌

  54. ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ■♥ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✱ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ r♩✉t✐♥❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✏♊♣❡♥❡❞✑ s❡✈❡r❛❧ t✐♠❡s ❝♊♥❝✉rr❡♥t❧②✳ ❆♥ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❞❡s✐❣♥❛t❡s ♊♥❡ s✐♥❣❧❡ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ ♊❢ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥✳ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛r❡ ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ♊❢ t❀❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥✳ ❚❀❡✐r ❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ✐s ♥❛t✉r❛❧❧② ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❜❧♩❝❩ ✱ ♩r st❛❝❩ ❢r❛♠❡ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  55. ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ■♥ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✱ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ r♩✉t✐♥❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✏♊♣❡♥❡❞✑ s❡✈❡r❛❧ t✐♠❡s ❝♊♥❝✉rr❡♥t❧②✳ ❆♥ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❞❡s✐❣♥❛t❡s ♊♥❡ s✐♥❣❧❡ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ ♊❢ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥✳ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛r❡ ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ♊❢ t❀❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥✳ ❚❀❡✐r ❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ✐s ♥❛t✉r❛❧❧② ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❜❧♩❝❩ ✱ ♩r st❛❝❩ ❢r❛♠❡ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  56. ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ■♥ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✱ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ r♩✉t✐♥❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✏♊♣❡♥❡❞✑ s❡✈❡r❛❧ t✐♠❡s ❝♊♥❝✉rr❡♥t❧②✳ ❆♥ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❞❡s✐❣♥❛t❡s ♊♥❡ s✐♥❣❧❡ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ ♊❢ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥✳ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛r❡ ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ♊❢ t❀❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥✳ ❚❀❡✐r ❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ✐s ♥❛t✉r❛❧❧② ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❜❧♩❝❩ ✱ ♩r st❛❝❩ ❢r❛♠❡ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  57. ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ■♥ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✱ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ r♩✉t✐♥❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✏♊♣❡♥❡❞✑ s❡✈❡r❛❧ t✐♠❡s ❝♊♥❝✉rr❡♥t❧②✳ ❆♥ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❞❡s✐❣♥❛t❡s ♊♥❡ s✐♥❣❧❡ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ ♊❢ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥✳ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛r❡ ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❧✐✈❡♥❡ss ♊❢ t❀❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥✳ ❚❀❡✐r ❧♩❝❛t✐♊♥ ✐s ♥❛t✉r❛❧❧② ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❜❧♩❝❩ ✱ ♩r st❛❝❩ ❢r❛♠❡ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  58. ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ❈♊♥t❡♥ts ❉❛t❛ t♩ st♩r❡ ♊♥ t❀❡ st❛❝❊✿ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥ts ✐♥❝♊♠✐♥❣ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✉s❡r ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s r❡t✉r♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ✇❀❡r❡ t♩ r❡t✉r♥ s❛✈❡❞ r❡❣✐st❡rs t❀❡ ❝❛❧❧❡r✬s ❡♥✈✐r♊♥♠❡♥t t♩ r❡st♩r❡ t❡♠♣ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡r ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ s♣✐❧❧s st❛t✐❝ ❧✐♥❊ ✇❀❡♥ ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✷ ✮ ✶✵✌

  59. ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ▲❛②♊✉t ❚❀❡ ❧❛②♊✉t ✐s s✉❣❣❡st❡❞ ❜② t❀❡ ❝♊♥str✉❝t♩r✳ ❯s✉❛❧❧② t❀❡ ❧❛②♊✉t ✐s ❢r♩♠ ❡❛r❧✐❡st ❊♥♊✇♥✱ t♩ ❧❛t❡st✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✞ ✮ ✶✵✌

  60. ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ▲❛②♊✉t ♊♥ ♠✐♣s ❬▲❛r✉s✱ ✶✟✟✵❪ ... $fp argument 6 argument 5 arguments 1−4 . . memory saved registers addresses . . . . . . dynamic area . . . $sp ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✹ ✮ ✶✵✌

  61. ❋r❛♠❡ ✫ ❙t❛❝❩ P♊✐♥t❡rs ❚❀❡ st❛❝❩ ♊❢ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❜❧♩❝❩s ✐s ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ❛rr❛② ✇✐t❀ ❢r❛♠❡ ♣♊✐♥t❡r t❀❡ ✐♥♥❡r ❢r♊♥t✐❡r ♊❢ t❀❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❜❧♩❝❩ st❛❝❩ ♣♊✐♥t❡r t❀❡ ♩✉t❡r ❢r♊♥t✐❡r ❯s✉❛❧❧② t❀❡ st❛❝❩ ✐s r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❣r♊✇✐♥❣ t♩✇❛r❞s t❀❡ ❜♩tt♊♠✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  62. ❋❧❡①✐❜❧❡ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ▌❡♠♊r② ❛✉t♩ ❙t❛t✐❝ s✐③❡✱ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ♠❡♠♊r②✳ ♠❛❧❧♩❝ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ s✐③❡✱ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥t ♠❡♠♊r②✳ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ♠❡♠♊r② ✐s ❡①tr❡♠❡❧② ❝♊♥✈❡♥✐❡♥t✳ ✳ ✳ ✐♥t ♊♣❡♥✷✭❝❀❛r✯ str✶✱ ❝❀❛r✯ str✷✱ ✐♥t ❢❧❛❣s✱ ✐♥t ♠♊❞❡✮ ④ ❝❀❛r ♥❛♠❡❬str❧❡♥✭str✶✮ ✰ str❧❡♥✭str✷✮ ✰ ✶❪❀ st♣❝♣②✭st♣❝♣②✭♥❛♠❡✱ str✶✮✱ str✷✮❀ r❡t✉r♥ ♊♣❡♥✭♥❛♠❡✱ ❢❧❛❣s✱ ♠♊❞❡✮❀ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✻ ✮ ✶✵✌

  63. ❋❧❡①✐❜❧❡ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ▌❡♠♊r② ♠❛❧❧♩❝ ✐s ❛ ♣♊♊r r❡♣❧❛❝❡♠❡♥t✳ ✐♥t ♊♣❡♥✷✭❝❀❛r✯ str✶✱ ❝❀❛r✯ str✷✱ ✐♥t ❢❧❛❣s✱ ✐♥t ♠♊❞❡✮ ④ ❝❀❛r✯ ♥❛♠❡ ❂ ✭❝❀❛r✯✮ ♠❛❧❧♩❝✭str❧❡♥✭str✶✮ ✰ str❧❡♥✭str✷✮ ✰ ✶✮❀ ✐❢ ✭♥❛♠❡ ❂❂ ✵✮ ❢❛t❛❧✭✧✈✐rt✉❛❧ ♠❡♠♊r② ❡①❝❡❡❞❡❞✧✮❀ st♣❝♣②✭st♣❝♣②✭♥❛♠❡✱ str✶✮✱ str✷✮❀ ✐♥t ❢❞ ❂ ♊♣❡♥✭♥❛♠❡✱ ❢❧❛❣s✱ ♠♊❞❡✮❀ ❢r❡❡✭♥❛♠❡✮❀ r❡t✉r♥ ❢❞❀ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✌ ✮ ✶✵✌

  64. ❋❧❡①✐❜❧❡ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ▌❡♠♊r② ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✐s ❛ ❣♊♊❞ r❡♣❧❛❝❡♠❡♥t✳ ✐♥t ♊♣❡♥✷✭❝❀❛r ✯str✶✱ ❝❀❛r ✯str✷✱ ✐♥t ❢❧❛❣s✱ ✐♥t ♠♊❞❡✮ ④ ❝❀❛r ✯♥❛♠❡ ❂ ✭❝❀❛r ✯✮ ❛❧❧♩❝❛✭str❧❡♥✭str✶✮ ✰ str❧❡♥✭str✷✮ ✰ ✶✮❀ st♣❝♣②✭st♣❝♣②✭♥❛♠❡✱ str✶✮✱ str✷✮❀ r❡t✉r♥ ♊♣❡♥✭♥❛♠❡✱ ❢❧❛❣s✱ ♠♊❞❡✮❀ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✜ ✮ ✶✵✌

  65. ❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♊❢ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❬▲♊♊s❡♠♊r❡ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❯s✐♥❣ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇❛st❡s ✈❡r② ❧✐tt❧❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✈❡r② ❢❛st✳ ✭■t ✐s ♊♣❡♥✲❝♊❞❡❞ ❜② t❀❡ ●◆❯ ❈ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡r✳✮ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❞♊❡s ♥♊t ❝❛✉s❡ ♠❡♠♊r② ❢r❛❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❞♊❡s ♥♊t ❀❛✈❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ♣♊♊❧s ❢♊r ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s✐③❡s ♊❢ ❜❧♊❝❊✱ s♣❛❝❡ ✉s❡❞ ❢♊r ❛♥② s✐③❡ ❜❧♩❝❩ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ r❡✉s❡❞ ❢♊r ❛♥② ♩t❀❡r s✐③❡✳ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❢r❡❡❞✳ ◆♊♥❧♊❝❛❧ ❡①✐ts ❞♊♥❡ ✇✐t❀ ❧♊♥❣❥♠♣ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❢r❡❡ t❀❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❀ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇❀❡♥ t❀❡② ❡①✐t t❀r♊✉❣❀ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t❀❛t ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✳ ❚❀✐s ✐s t❀❡ ♠♩st ✐♠♣♊rt❛♥t r❡❛s♊♥ t♩ ✉s❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✟ ✮ ✶✵✌

  66. ❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♊❢ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❬▲♊♊s❡♠♊r❡ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❯s✐♥❣ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇❛st❡s ✈❡r② ❧✐tt❧❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✈❡r② ❢❛st✳ ✭■t ✐s ♊♣❡♥✲❝♊❞❡❞ ❜② t❀❡ ●◆❯ ❈ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡r✳✮ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❞♊❡s ♥♊t ❝❛✉s❡ ♠❡♠♊r② ❢r❛❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❞♊❡s ♥♊t ❀❛✈❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ♣♊♊❧s ❢♊r ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s✐③❡s ♊❢ ❜❧♊❝❊✱ s♣❛❝❡ ✉s❡❞ ❢♊r ❛♥② s✐③❡ ❜❧♩❝❩ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ r❡✉s❡❞ ❢♊r ❛♥② ♩t❀❡r s✐③❡✳ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❢r❡❡❞✳ ◆♊♥❧♊❝❛❧ ❡①✐ts ❞♊♥❡ ✇✐t❀ ❧♊♥❣❥♠♣ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❢r❡❡ t❀❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❀ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇❀❡♥ t❀❡② ❡①✐t t❀r♊✉❣❀ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t❀❛t ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✳ ❚❀✐s ✐s t❀❡ ♠♩st ✐♠♣♊rt❛♥t r❡❛s♊♥ t♩ ✉s❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✟ ✮ ✶✵✌

  67. ❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♊❢ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❬▲♊♊s❡♠♊r❡ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❯s✐♥❣ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇❛st❡s ✈❡r② ❧✐tt❧❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✈❡r② ❢❛st✳ ✭■t ✐s ♊♣❡♥✲❝♊❞❡❞ ❜② t❀❡ ●◆❯ ❈ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡r✳✮ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❞♊❡s ♥♊t ❝❛✉s❡ ♠❡♠♊r② ❢r❛❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❞♊❡s ♥♊t ❀❛✈❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ♣♊♊❧s ❢♊r ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s✐③❡s ♊❢ ❜❧♊❝❊✱ s♣❛❝❡ ✉s❡❞ ❢♊r ❛♥② s✐③❡ ❜❧♩❝❩ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ r❡✉s❡❞ ❢♊r ❛♥② ♩t❀❡r s✐③❡✳ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❢r❡❡❞✳ ◆♊♥❧♊❝❛❧ ❡①✐ts ❞♊♥❡ ✇✐t❀ ❧♊♥❣❥♠♣ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❢r❡❡ t❀❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❀ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇❀❡♥ t❀❡② ❡①✐t t❀r♊✉❣❀ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t❀❛t ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✳ ❚❀✐s ✐s t❀❡ ♠♩st ✐♠♣♊rt❛♥t r❡❛s♊♥ t♩ ✉s❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✺✟ ✮ ✶✵✌

  68. ❉✐s❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♊❢ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❬▲♊♊s❡♠♊r❡ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ■❢ ②♊✉ tr② t♩ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡ ♠♩r❡ ♠❡♠♊r② t❀❛♥ t❀❡ ♠❛❝❀✐♥❡ ❝❛♥ ♣r♊✈✐❞❡✱ ②♊✉ ❞♊♥✬t ❣❡t ❛ ❝❧❡❛♥ ❡rr♩r ♠❡ss❛❣❡✳ ■♥st❡❛❞ ②♊✉ ❣❡t ❛ ❢❛t❛❧ s✐❣♥❛❧ ❧✐❊❡ t❀❡ ♊♥❡ ②♊✉ ✇♩✉❧❞ ❣❡t ❢r♩♠ ❛♥ ✐♥✜♥✐t❡ r❡❝✉rs✐♊♥❀ ♣r♊❜❛❜❧② ❛ s❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✈✐♩❧❛t✐♊♥✳ ❙♊♠❡ ♥♊♥✲●◆❯ s②st❡♠s ❢❛✐❧ t♩ s✉♣♣♊rt ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✱ s♩ ✐t ✐s ❧❡ss ♣♊rt❛❜❧❡✳ ❍♊✇❡✈❡r✱ ❛ s❧♊✇❡r ❡♠✉❧❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇r✐tt❡♥ ✐♥ ❈ ✐s ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❢♊r ✉s❡ ♊♥ s②st❡♠s ✇✐t❀ t❀✐s ❞❡✜❝✐❡♥❝②✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✵ ✮ ✶✵✌

  69. ❉✐s❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♊❢ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ❬▲♊♊s❡♠♊r❡ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ■❢ ②♊✉ tr② t♩ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡ ♠♩r❡ ♠❡♠♊r② t❀❛♥ t❀❡ ♠❛❝❀✐♥❡ ❝❛♥ ♣r♊✈✐❞❡✱ ②♊✉ ❞♊♥✬t ❣❡t ❛ ❝❧❡❛♥ ❡rr♩r ♠❡ss❛❣❡✳ ■♥st❡❛❞ ②♊✉ ❣❡t ❛ ❢❛t❛❧ s✐❣♥❛❧ ❧✐❊❡ t❀❡ ♊♥❡ ②♊✉ ✇♩✉❧❞ ❣❡t ❢r♩♠ ❛♥ ✐♥✜♥✐t❡ r❡❝✉rs✐♊♥❀ ♣r♊❜❛❜❧② ❛ s❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✈✐♩❧❛t✐♊♥✳ ❙♊♠❡ ♥♊♥✲●◆❯ s②st❡♠s ❢❛✐❧ t♩ s✉♣♣♊rt ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✱ s♩ ✐t ✐s ❧❡ss ♣♊rt❛❜❧❡✳ ❍♊✇❡✈❡r✱ ❛ s❧♊✇❡r ❡♠✉❧❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇r✐tt❡♥ ✐♥ ❈ ✐s ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❢♊r ✉s❡ ♊♥ s②st❡♠s ✇✐t❀ t❀✐s ❞❡✜❝✐❡♥❝②✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✵ ✮ ✶✵✌

  70. ❆rr❛②s ✈s✳ ❆❧❧♩❝❛ ❬▲♊♊s❡♠♊r❡ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❆ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ s✐③❡ ❛rr❛②✬s s♣❛❝❡ ✐s ❢r❡❡❞ ❛t t❀❡ ❡♥❞ ♊❢ t❀❡ s❝♊♣❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❛rr❛②✳ ❚❀❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❀ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ r❡♠❛✐♥s ✉♥t✐❧ t❀❡ ❡♥❞ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥✳ ■t ✐s ♣♊ss✐❜❧❡ t♩ ✉s❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇✐t❀✐♥ ❛ ❧♊♊♣✱ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧ ❜❧♩❝❩ ♊♥ ❡❛❝❀ ✐t❡r❛t✐♊♥✳ ❚❀✐s ✐s ✐♠♣♊ss✐❜❧❡ ✇✐t❀ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡✲s✐③❡❞ ❛rr❛②s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  71. ❆rr❛②s ✈s✳ ❆❧❧♩❝❛ ❬▲♊♊s❡♠♊r❡ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❆ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ s✐③❡ ❛rr❛②✬s s♣❛❝❡ ✐s ❢r❡❡❞ ❛t t❀❡ ❡♥❞ ♊❢ t❀❡ s❝♊♣❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❛rr❛②✳ ❚❀❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❀ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ r❡♠❛✐♥s ✉♥t✐❧ t❀❡ ❡♥❞ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥✳ ■t ✐s ♣♊ss✐❜❧❡ t♩ ✉s❡ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✇✐t❀✐♥ ❛ ❧♊♊♣✱ ❛❧❧♩❝❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧ ❜❧♩❝❩ ♊♥ ❡❛❝❀ ✐t❡r❛t✐♊♥✳ ❚❀✐s ✐s ✐♠♣♊ss✐❜❧❡ ✇✐t❀ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡✲s✐③❡❞ ❛rr❛②s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✶ ✮ ✶✵✌

  72. ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❆rr❛②s ✫ ❆❧❧♩❝❛ P❧❛②✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ✩s♣ ✇❀✐❝❀ ♠❛❊❡s ✩❢♣ ♠❛♥❞❛t♩r②✳ ❆♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧ st❛❝❩ ✭❛s ✇✐t❀ t❀❡ ❈ ❡♠✉❧❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛❧❧♩❝❛ ✮✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✷ ✮ ✶✵✌

  73. ◆♊♥❧♊❝❛❧ ❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✶ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✷ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❆❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ❇❧♩❝❩s ◆♊♥❧♊❝❛❧ ❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥ t♩ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✾ ❚❀❡ ❈❛s❡ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❚✐❣❡r ❈♊♠♣✐❧❡r ✹ ❧✐r✿ ▲♊✇ ▲❡✈❡❧ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✺ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✞ ✮ ✶✵✌

  74. ✪ t❝ ✲❍ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✲♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐♊♥✳t✐❣ ❃ ❢✳❀✐r ✫✫ ❀❛✈♠ ❢✳❀✐r t✇♊✭✞✮ t✇♊✭✷✮ t✇♊✭✶✮ ♊♥❡✭✶✮ ♊♥❡✭✷✮ ♊♥❡✭✞✮ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✲♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐♊♥ ❧❡t ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ tr❛❝❡✭❢♥✿ str✐♥❣✱ ✈❛❧✿ ✐♥t✮ ❂ ✭♣r✐♥t✭❢♥✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧✭✧✮❀ ♣r✐♥t❎✐♥t✭✈❛❧✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧✮ ✧✮✮ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♊♥❡✭✐♥♣✉t ✿ ✐♥t✮ ❂ ❧❡t ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t✇♊✭✮ ❂ ✭tr❛❝❡✭✧t✇♊✧✱ ✐♥♣✉t✮❀ ♊♥❡✭✐♥♣✉t ✲ ✶✮✮ ✐♥ ✐❢ ✐♥♣✉t ❃ ✵ t❀❡♥ ✭t✇♊✭✮❀ tr❛❝❡✭✧♊♥❡✧✱ ✐♥♣✉t✮✮ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ♊♥❡✭✞✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧❭♥✧✮ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✹ ✮ ✶✵✌

  75. t✇♊✭✞✮ t✇♊✭✷✮ t✇♊✭✶✮ ♊♥❡✭✶✮ ♊♥❡✭✷✮ ♊♥❡✭✞✮ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✲♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐♊♥ ❧❡t ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ tr❛❝❡✭❢♥✿ str✐♥❣✱ ✈❛❧✿ ✐♥t✮ ❂ ✭♣r✐♥t✭❢♥✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧✭✧✮❀ ♣r✐♥t❎✐♥t✭✈❛❧✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧✮ ✧✮✮ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♊♥❡✭✐♥♣✉t ✿ ✐♥t✮ ❂ ❧❡t ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t✇♊✭✮ ❂ ✭tr❛❝❡✭✧t✇♊✧✱ ✐♥♣✉t✮❀ ♊♥❡✭✐♥♣✉t ✲ ✶✮✮ ✐♥ ✐❢ ✐♥♣✉t ❃ ✵ t❀❡♥ ✭t✇♊✭✮❀ tr❛❝❡✭✧♊♥❡✧✱ ✐♥♣✉t✮✮ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ♊♥❡✭✞✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧❭♥✧✮ ❡♥❞ ✪ t❝ ✲❍ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✲♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐♊♥✳t✐❣ ❃ ❢✳❀✐r ✫✫ ❀❛✈♠ ❢✳❀✐r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✹ ✮ ✶✵✌

  76. ❡s❝❛♣❡s✲♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐♊♥ ❧❡t ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ tr❛❝❡✭❢♥✿ str✐♥❣✱ ✈❛❧✿ ✐♥t✮ ❂ ✭♣r✐♥t✭❢♥✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧✭✧✮❀ ♣r✐♥t❎✐♥t✭✈❛❧✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧✮ ✧✮✮ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♊♥❡✭✐♥♣✉t ✿ ✐♥t✮ ❂ ❧❡t ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t✇♊✭✮ ❂ ✭tr❛❝❡✭✧t✇♊✧✱ ✐♥♣✉t✮❀ ♊♥❡✭✐♥♣✉t ✲ ✶✮✮ ✐♥ ✐❢ ✐♥♣✉t ❃ ✵ t❀❡♥ ✭t✇♊✭✮❀ tr❛❝❡✭✧♊♥❡✧✱ ✐♥♣✉t✮✮ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ♊♥❡✭✞✮❀ ♣r✐♥t✭✧❭♥✧✮ ❡♥❞ ✪ t❝ ✲❍ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✲♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐♊♥✳t✐❣ ❃ ❢✳❀✐r ✫✫ ❀❛✈♠ ❢✳❀✐r t✇♊✭✞✮ t✇♊✭✷✮ t✇♊✭✶✮ ♊♥❡✭✶✮ ♊♥❡✭✷✮ ♊♥❡✭✞✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✹ ✮ ✶✵✌

  77. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  78. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  79. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  80. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  81. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  82. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  83. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  84. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  85. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  86. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

  87. ❉❡❡♣ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❍✐❡r❛r❝❀✐❡s ❲❀❛t ✐❢✿ ▌❛✐♥ ✶ ▌❛✐♥ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✈♠ ✷ ▌❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ✾ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ❋✶ ❋✷ ✹ ❋✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ✱ ♥♊♥ ✈✶ ✈✷ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✺ ❋✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✶ ❋✶✶ ❋✶✷ ❋✷✶ ❋✷✷ ✻ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶✶ ✈✶✶ ✈✶✷ ✈✷✶ ✈✷✷ ✌ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈✶ ✜ ❋✶✶ ✉s❡s ✈♠ ❋✶✶✶ ❋✷✶✶ ✟ ❋✶✶ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶✷ ✈✶✶✶ ✈✷✶✶ ✶✵ ❋✶✷ ❝❛❧❧s ❋✶ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ■♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✻✺ ✮ ✶✵✌

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