SLIDE 1 Architecture & Design Aalborg University - Denmark 4th Master semester – Architectural design 1st of February - 2nd of June 2010 Title: Masanga Dwelling Subtitle: Environmental Architecture in an African Context Thesis project by: Rasmus Christensen Hamann Supervisor: Peter Lind Bonderup Technical supervisor: Asger Hyldgård In cooperation with: Architects Without Borders - Denmark Also including Appendix CD and Program and Process folder Rasmus C. Hamann
synopsis
The project deals with an actual problem concerning lack of dwell- ings for the hospital staff in Masanga, Sierra Leone. The project is made in cooperation with the Danish department of Architects Without Borders. The aim is to integrate parameters such as material technology, natural ventilation, daylight and cooling/heating in the project and due to the economic frame of the project low tech solutions are in
- focus. The design will be carried out as a prototype of staff dwell-
ings and an overall master plan of the area wherein the dwellings are placed. The overall basis for the design is the climatic context being warm and humid. As a point of departure for the project, fi eld work is made in Ma-
- sanga. Here the sociologic, cultural and topological context is
investigated and registrations of the site are made.
SLIDE 2
aim
The aim of the project can be summarized as:
To create a social and environmental sustainable solution for the design of a prototype of staff hous- ing and a master plan containing the staff housing , wherein elements as a symbiosis between universal culture and the place, local materials and the climate are taken into consideration.
introduction
This folder is the presentation of the master thesis project by Ras- mus C. Hamann specialized in Architectural Design at the Depart- ment of Architecture and Design at Aalborg University. Besides this folder is the program and process which are descriping the phases of the project in detail. The project deals with a sustainable solution for the design of staff housing for Masanga Hospital in Sierra Leone, Westafrica. The project is made in cooperation with the Danish department of the NGO Architects Without Borders (AWB), which aim is to develop the build environment and to support those who do not have access to the knowledge of an architect. [www.arkitekterudengraenser. dk]. The project is based on fi eld work made in Masanga in Sierra Leone.
SLIDE 3 water tower
hostel river road stream doctors house new house
100m north
water tower f
e s t l i n e
100m north
existing conditions
The area around Masanga is primarily former rain forrest and is dominated by a main road, a river and a small stream.
master plan concept
The master plan for the new dwellings in the area is determined by the distance to the water tower that is supposed to be reintroduced in the future and the line of where the existing high forest is placed.
SLIDE 4 master plan
The master plan of the approximately 40 dwellings are divided into cluster to obtain a village in the village principle with a strong rela- tion between the dwellings in a cluster. The priority of the cluster are determined to the distance to the water tower - stating that the clusters closest to the water tower to be build fi
- rst. Furthermore the cluster places in the existing forest
are to be prioritized in terms of taken advantage of the shading from the high trees. The dwellings are placed in the landscape to adapt to the near context and adjacent buildings in terms of orientation and shape.
#1 #2 #7 #8 #9 #3 #4 #5 #6
100m north
time
- existing
- building of houses in the high
forest.
- planting of trees in the new areas
for shadowing the future houses
- planting of bamboo for building
material
- building of houses in the new area
- the bamboo are used for the new
buildings
new trees bamboo high forrest river new houses river new houses houses river
development principle
The development in the area is thought as while building houses in the existing high forest, the areas now covered with bush can be planted with trees and bamboo respectively to provide shading and create a free source of building material for the future houses.
SLIDE 5
relation between the dwellings
The dwellings are placed in small clusters in the landscape as small villages. The dwellings are mirrored and rotated to create a social sphere and connection between the dwellings, especially by letting the kitchen part of the dwellings face each other. The roof is adapted to the specifi c site and orientation of the dwell- ing, thus two neighboring dwellings will vary from one another.
SLIDE 6
cluster
SLIDE 7 relation to the surroundings
The kitchen part of the dwelling connects the dwelling to the sur- rounding dwellings. Furhermore the terrace of the lower level reach
- ut and connect inside and outside.By making an interior level the
transition between inside and outside becomes more diffuse.
SLIDE 8
dwelling concept
The dwellings consist of three main elements. The roof, the space/ frame and the base, each having their individual properties and expression.
roof
shading chatching the wind shelter for rain
space/frame
adapt to the program layers of shading transparancy
base
create stability thermal mass fi re proof secure status relation to topography
SLIDE 9
zoning
The zones of the dwelling is accross the materials, thus connection the heavy and light construction with the program. Mosquito net
fl exibility
SLIDE 10
base, frame and cover
The concept of the dwelling is divided into three parts. A base that relates the dwelling to the landscape, a roof that act as shelter for rain and utilize the wind for cooling, and a frame that defi nes the place for living, spanned by the base and the roof.
SLIDE 11
kitchen area
The kitchen area of the dwelling is constructed in rammed earth. The stove is built into the wall element to create the impression of the base of the building being a monolithic mass, refering the earth that it is built of. The kitchen is placed in a zone that can be seen as partly inside and partly outside.
SLIDE 12
living area
In close relation to the kitchen area is the living area. It contains a level that divides the living in a social orientated part and a more private part. The level can be used as seating and for dining in the absence of furnitures.
SLIDE 13 fl exibility
The upper part of the dwelling can be arranged according to the
c site. It is constructed from changeable lightweight wall elements applied in a frame structure. The master bedroom is connected to the base where a secure closet is placed for the valuables of the occupants.
SLIDE 14 north elevation 1:50
The sleeping part of the dwelling is elevated to increase the air movement around and underneath the rooms to cool the dwelling. The relation to the levels of ground will be utilized in the same way for all dwellings, with the base connecting to the ground, and the sleeping rooms taking advantage of the slope to increase the air
- movement. By rotating and mirroring the dwellings, site specifi
c conditions are met. The access to the dwelling is through the base/kitchen.
SLIDE 15 north elevation 1:50
The sleeping part of the dwelling is elevated to increase the air movement around the rooms to cool the dwelling. The relation to the slope will be the same for all dwellings, with the base connecting to the ground, and the sleeping rooms taking advantage of the slope to increase the air movement. By rotating and mirroring the dwellings site specifi c conditions are met. The access to the dwelling is through the base/kitchen.
north elevation 1:50
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plan 1:50
The plan is divided into a private area for sleeping/private living and an outward related zone connecting to the surroundings. The materials of the dwelling is rammed earth at the base and wood and bamboo as the frame and roof part. The materiales are used according to their individual properties and expression.
north
SLIDE 16 living 20m2 cooking 6,25m2 toilet/bath 2m2 sleeping 6,25m2 sleeping 6,25m2 sleeping 6,25m2 private living 8,75m2 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D 6 detail 1 detail 3 detail 2 section I section II section III
exit exit exit
plan
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
SLIDE 17 6 5 4 3 2 1 ventilation openings wooden deck bamboo ceiling ventilation openings concrete foundation rammed earth wall bamboo sticks - diameter 40mm bamboo beams - diameter 80mm
section I
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
SLIDE 18 6 5 4 3 2 1
elevation north
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
SLIDE 19 6 5 4 3 2 1
elevation south
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
SLIDE 20 D C B A
elevation west
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
SLIDE 21 D C B A detail 3 rammed earth wall roof beam 80x80mm
section II
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
SLIDE 22 D C B A detail 1
section III
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
SLIDE 23 D C B A
elevation east
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
SLIDE 24 detail 1
Bamboo column - diameter 80mm Bamboo beam - diameter 80mm Wood beam - 80x80mm Wood floor - 20x80mm Concrete point foundation Stainless steel profile Bolted joint
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010 scale: 1:10
isometric drawing
SLIDE 25 detail 2
project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010 scale: 1:10
Corner column 80x80mm Bolted joint Bamboo column diameter 80mm East/west facing wall element Splitted bamboo sticks for facing Bamboo beam for supporting the wall elements Bamboo column diameter 40mm as buffer between wall elements North/south facing wall element
6 A
SLIDE 26 project: Masanga Dwelling made by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50 date: 02.06.2010
Bamboo roof beam - diameter 80mm Bamboo eave beam - diameter 40mm Roof beam - 80x80mm Bolted joint Rammed earth wall Column cast in the rammed earth wall to support the roof construction
A
detail 3
scale: 1:10
