Space: Space: System Architecture System Architecture vs - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Space: Space: System Architecture System Architecture vs Optimization vs Optimization Vladimir Grebenyuk Raytheon Canada Limited Space: The Space: The First Steps First Steps October 4,1957 April 12, 1961 July 20,
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Raytheon Canada Limited
Vladimir Grebenyuk
October 4,1957 April 12, 1961 July 20, 1969 April 12, 1981 May 15, 1987
… 2003 ?
Sputnik Sputnik 2 Vanguard
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Sputnik 3
Sputnik Sputnik 2 Vanguard failure Second Vanguard
Explorer 1
Vladimir Grebenyuk
“Our Germans versus their Germans” ?
Vladimir Grebenyuk
System Architecture System Architecture -
Divide & Conquer
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Glider: Decomposition of the Form
Glider
Wing
Fuselage Stabilizer
Body Cockpit Landing Gear Vertical stabilizer Horizontal stabilizer
Pilot Seating Controls Instruments Windshield Front gear Rear gear Wheel Wheel Well Well Lid Retracting mechanism Fin Rudder Frame Shell Fixed Elevator
Decomposition and Structural Model of the Client-Server code Client-Server
import java.net.*; import java.io.*; public class KnockKnockServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket serverSocket = null; try { serverSocket = new ServerSocket(4444); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Could not listen on port: 4444."); System.exit(1); } Socket clientSocket = null; try { clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Accept failed."); System.exit(1); } PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( clientSocket.getInputStream())); String inputLine, outputLine; KnockKnockProtocol kkp = new KnockKnockProtocol();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
if (outputLine.equals("Bye.")) break; }
in.close(); clientSocket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } }
Block 4 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 5 Block 6
S tru ctu ral E le m en t S tru ctu ral R ela tio n s B lo ck 1 Is lo ca te d in th e b e g in n in g o f th e c o d e B lo ck 2 F o llo w s B lo ck 1 an d p rece d e s B lo c k 3 B lo ck 3 F o llo w s B lo ck 2 an d p rece d e s B lo c k 4 B lo ck 4 F o llo w s B lo ck 3 an d p rece d e s B lo c k 5 B lo ck 5 F o llo w s B lo ck 4 an d p rece d e s B lo c k 6 B lo ck 6 F o llo w s B lo ck 5 – en d s th e co d e
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Glider: Structural Model
Glider
Fuselage Wing Stabilizer
Body Cockpit Vertical stabilizer Horizontal stabilizer
Front gear Rear gear Fin Rudder Shell Frame
Landing Gear
Longitudinal element Lateral element
Shell Frame
Longitudinal element Lateral element
Vladimir Grebenyuk
From Function to Form through Concept From Function to Form through Concept
Form Function Concept
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Glider: Zoom in Layer 1
Wing
Internal Structure External Surface Ailerons Flaps ...
Structural Support Creating Lift
Lift
Roll Control
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Wing: Emergence of the External Function
Wing
Creating Differential Pressure
Lift
External Surface
Airfoil Upper Surface Lower Surface
!
Air Flow
+
Flow Velocity
Air Flow
+
Flow Velocity Air Pressure
!
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Concepts (Patterns) in the Design
travel in the air
High-level concept
heavier than air lighter than air
motored motorless
wingless moving wing fixed wing
The Glider
Mid-level concepts
Instantiation
glider hang glider Class
Lower-level concepts
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Concepts (Patterns) in the Design
NAVIGATION
High-level concept
celestial radio
astrolabe
sextant
The Sextant
Mid-level concepts
Lower-level concepts Instantiation
inertial
quadrant
Specializes into
Class
Vladimir Grebenyuk
System Architecture System Architecture -
A Holistic Approach
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Automated ATM System Architecture Automated ATM System Architecture
ATMS Reference Architecture
Navigation Cluster Surveillance Cluster ♦ radar data input ♦ plot filtering ♦ tracking ♦ radar weather ♦ RT quality control ♦ ADS/B Flight ♦ flight plan ♦ clearance ♦ trajectory profile ATC Cluster Flight Management Tools Traffic Management Tools
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Free Flight
ATMS ATMS
VTOL
Navaids
ADS-B GPS
Middleware Software
?
TCAS CPDLC
Radars Airspace Avionics
Hardware
System Level Domain Level Industry Level
Vladimir Grebenyuk
ATMS & ATC-Sim
Air Traffic
NAVAIDS ATC Agency
CNS/ATM
Beneficiaries Needs:
Environment
Trainees
RDPS GPS CPDLC COMMS
Product
Developing
RCL-RF
National Economy Competition Technology Regulations Security Legal Environment Society Shareholder Workforce
Vladimir Grebenyuk
ATMS & ATC-Sim Air Traffic
NAVAIDS
Agency CNS/ATM
Customers Needs
Training
RDPS GPS CPDLC COMMS
Product
Developing
Enterprise
Global Economy International Relationships National Economy Competition Technology Regulations Security Legal Environment Society Shareholder General Public Nature Intellectual Property Workforce
Vladimir Grebenyuk
The Final Frontier The Final Frontier
Space Shuttle Space Shuttle Energia Energia-
Buran
123,000 25,000 37,25 23.80 18.3x4.6 15,078 5,440 220 No n/a 105,000 30,000 36.37 23.92 18.6x4.7 14,866 17,600 450 Yes 103,000
Total structure (kg) Max payload (kg) Length (m) Wingspan (m) Cargo bay (m) Orbit engine thrust (kgf) Orbit engine impulse (s) Maximal orbit (km) Automatic landing Non-orbiter payload (kg)
The Carrier The Carrier
”Pure Energy” ”Pure Energy”
May 15, 1987
Vladimir Grebenyuk Vladimir Grebenyuk
Stages
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Is There Place For Optimization ? Is There Place For Optimization ?
Antenna, installed on a moving
vessel, does not allow use of a fixed
Moving water under the vessel also
makes it impossible to use a rigid tracking algorithm (i.e. one with no feedback loop).
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Tracking is performed in a “quasi-
rectangular” pattern.
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One can expect further improvement with an
attempt to approach the source of the signal even closer, or even intercept it.
This approach proved to be
correct.
Antenna moves
in a ‘star’-like pattern.
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These results can be
explained by looking at the radio-signal distribution diagram.
The higher the area we
are working in, the flatter the signal level.
“a” is an area of
the rectangular track
“b” is an area of the
‘star’ track
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
5 10
a
b
Grebenyuk-16
mid-1970s: Jupiter Orbiter Probe study 1977: mission approved by NASA 1982: planned launch January 1986: planned shuttle launch
(direct to Jupiter)
October 18, 1989: launch from Atlantis
System Architecture
Optimization
ideas The perfect blend of System Approach and Optimization
Websites:
The Sources : The Sources :
Books:
Rechtin, E. Systems Architecting: Creating and Building Complex
Rechtin, E. and Maier, M. The Art of Systems Architecting. CRC Press, 1996 Rechtin, E. Systems Architecting of Organizations: Why Eagles Can’t
Schefter, James. Space Race. CRC Press, 2001
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Software Technical Authority
Raytheon Canada Limited 2003 Air Defense Systems 1996 - 2002 Air Traffic Management /ATC Sim 1994 - 1995 Satellite Telecommunication 1983 - 1993 Energia-Buran Space System 1980 - 1982 Aerodynamic Research Laboratory 1980 Master of Aeronautical Eng., Kharkiv Aviation Institute, Ukraine