Solar Research in Chile Solar Research in Chile Dr. Luis Morn T. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Solar Research in Chile Solar Research in Chile

• Dr. Luis Morán T.

Vice‐Director SERC Professor Electrical Engineering Department University of Concepción University of Concepción

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Solar Research Centers in Chile:

 Antofagasta Energy Development Center (Univ. de Antofagasta).  C f h l i i S l E (PUC)  Center for technologies in Solar Energy (PUC).  Solar Energy Research Center (SERC).  Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronical Engineering. (UFSM) (UFSM)

Other groups and researchers are working in areas related with l l li ti d t i l (P

l j M id j)

solar energy, solar applications and materials (Paulraj Maniduraj).

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S l E R h Solar Energy Research Center SERC - Chile SERC - Chile

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Principal Research Objective of SERC:

“To build a solid base of knowledge on solar energy that

would drive the exploitation of the exceptional conditions of Northern Chile for solar power development through research into the scientific, technical and economic challenges it poses and the opportunities solar technology offers to the Chilean and the opportunities solar technology offers to the Chilean national energy matrix”.

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1 S l E i th I d t Mi i

Principal Research Lines:

1.‐ Solar Energy in the Industry – Mining 2.‐ Electric Power Systems with High Penetration of Solar Energy 3.‐ Solar Energy Coordination Systems for Urban and Rural Communities 4.‐ Solar Energy Storage 5.‐ Solar Treatment of Water

• 5. Solar Treatment of Water

6.‐ Economic/Social/Regulatory Issues for Solar Development

Six universities and Fundación Chile – more than 40 Six universities and Fundación Chile – more than 40 researchers – 11 post docs – more than 10 doctoral students – 15 master students – more than 50 under graduate students.

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SERC Research Results (December 2014):

Publications Publications 63 ISI papers 53 % of ISI papers are at the top level of each discipline (Q1) 7 published papers are Q4 More than 75 publications in Conferences More than 75 publications in Conferences. Book Chapters

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Research Objectives and achievements of each Line each Line

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I.‐ Solar Energy in the Industry – Mining:

Research Objective

To increase the penetration of solar energy for its use by industries p gy y located in the Atacama Regions, offsetting fossil fuel dependence and reducing the carbon footprint.

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• 1. PV converters to inject dc power to mining processes.

Research activities are focused in the following subjects:

j p g p

• 2. Effects of dust accumulation in PV and CSP systems (soiling).
• 3. Solar thermal hot air production (food industry, copper concentrate

drying). drying).

• 4. Hydrogen production through high temperature solar conversion.
• 5. Bifacial PV cell modeling and MPPT analysis under partial shading in

direct radiation (no shading in indirect radiation) direct radiation (no shading in indirect radiation).

• 6. Photovoltaic material characterization.
• 7. Modeling, control system design and state estimation, applied to

hybrid systems and solar concentrators hybrid systems and solar concentrators.

Theoretical study and

PV converters design

Conceptual design Experimental validation Design of prototypes

Some of our prototypes

NPC Boost T t HF H-bridge T-type

Dust monitoring station network

Station 6 at UTFSM

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SOILING

Objetives:

• Study the impact due to the dust and dirt on solar energy facilities at Atacama

Desert, North of Chile (optical properties, chemical composition, energy yield, PR)

• Generation of cleaning and maintenance protocols for the different technologies

Results:

Reflectance degradation Transmittance degradation Performance Ratio degradation

Protocols

Chemical composition p

Dust monitoring station network

Station 11 at Subsole PV PowerPlant

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M t i l h t i ti f i d t i l l ll ( ith ISC K t G )

Objetives:

• Optimization of the solar cell metallization step
• Interface investigation of the resulting contact in screen printed solar cells

Material characterization for industrial solar cells (with ISC Konstanz, Germany)

Interface investigation of the resulting contact in screen printed solar cells

• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis

Results:

Selective etching approach (sequential Aqua regia, HF, Agua Regia) Contact imprints (contact places) Glass covering Ag contacting points Ag rests and Ag crystallites

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Economic and technical evaluation of solar assisted water pump stations for mining applications: A case of study Paper to be presented at IEEE IAS Annual Meeting Oct 2015 Paper to be presented at IEEE –IAS Annual Meeting Oct. 2015 This paper presents a case of study of a solar system to assist the operation of a water pump station of a mineral operation in Chile. An economical analysis is carried out with respect to different design variables and the percentage of the total power required for operating the system in the less favorable conditions (degree of assistance) favorable conditions (degree of assistance). It demonstrates that the maximum net present value is obtained for the maximum assistance, i.e. supplying the full energy in the less favorable conditions. However, the internal rate of return will be maximized at the point where the system

• nly supplies the energy to satisfy the full demand at the most favorable conditions.

Finally the study shows that from an economical point of view PV technology is an attractive alternative to support the mining operation at present time.

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II.‐ Electric Power Systems with High Penetration

• f Solar Energy

Research Objective:

gy

To develop cost‐effective, secure and reliable connection of large power solar energy parks in the Chilean interconnected grid System, i i f l lit i t f d t k covering issues of supply quality, power interfaces, and network

• peration and expansion planning methods.

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Research Areas:

• 1. Transient and steady state analysis of Interconnected Power

Systems with multiple large power (over 100 MW) solar PV generating stations generating stations.

• 2. Development of new mathematical models for the analysis
• f traditional power systems and large power PV generating

t ti stations.

• 3. Design of new topologies and associated control schemes for

large power static converters used to connect PV modules to AC systems.

• 4. Power quality issues associated with the integration of large

power PV generation plants to power systems power PV generation plants to power systems.

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Improved Active Power Filter Performance for Renewable Power Generation

Publications

Systems – in IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics; Feb. 2014. Decoupled and Modular Harmonic Compensation for Multilevel STATCOMs – in IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics; June 2014 in IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics; June 2014. A simple Predictive Method to Estimate Flicker – in IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, May 2014. Fast Frequency Response Capability of Photovoltaic Power Plants: The Necessity of New Grid Requirements and Definitions – Energy Open Access Journal; September 2014. Journal; September 2014. Self-Tuning Virtual Synchronous Machine: A Control Strategy for Energy Storage Systems to Support Dynamic Frequency Control – in IEEE Trans. on E C i J 2015 Energy Conversion; January 2015.

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III.‐Solar Energy Coordination Systems for Urban and Rural Communities

Research Objectives:

i) Will research possibilities for cost‐effective exploitation of existing i) Will research possibilities for cost effective exploitation of existing solar power potential and propose models for the active participation

• f local communities.

ii) Development of solutions for real‐time control, operation and

• perational planning of micro and mini grids, including the

integrated maintenance of both solar technologies and other integrated maintenance of both solar technologies and other system components. iii) Design implementation and operation of microgrids with solar iii) Design, implementation, and operation of microgrids with solar energy integration.

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Smart Microgrids as a Solution for Rural Electrification: Ensuring

Publications

Smart Microgrids as a Solution for Rural Electrification: Ensuring Long‐Term Sustainability Through Cadastre and Business Models – in IEEE Trans. on Sustainability Energy; October 2014. Fuzzy Predictive Control Strategy for a Distributed Solar Collector Plant – in IEEE Latin American Trans.; June 2014. Fuzzy Prediction Interval Models for Forecasting Renewable Resources and Loads in MicroGrids – in IEEE Trans. on Smart Grids; March 2015.

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IV.‐ Solar Energy Storage

R h Obj i Research Objectives

i) To investigate the storage of solar energy through sensitive or l t t h t t i lt d th d ti latent heat storage using salts and other compounds, generation

• f hydrogen, and optimization of storage systems.

) f k l d b d l ii) To generate scientific knowledge about non‐traditional applications of molten mixtures for thermal storage uses; to study inorganic salts, mixtures of salts from northern Chile or other compounds with a focus on their eventual use as phase change material; to determine the compatibility of new TES media with the building materials used in thermosolar plants, among others.

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Research Areas:

 l d h l d f d /  Structural and Photocatalyst Study of CdO/ZnO Systems  Characterization of Tetrahydrated Calcium Chloride as PCM  Characterization oF Astrakanite as Storage Medium of Heat Sensitive to High Temperatures  Use of Ionic Liquids to Store Energy  Development and design of a prototype of lithium‐ion battery aimed to store photovoltaic energy and its use for the purification of water by means of membranes p y

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Studies related to the use of molten salt for storage of solar energy, it has been

Results:

Studies related to the use of molten salt for storage of solar energy, it has been proposed a new quaternary molten nitrate mixture composed of 10% LiNO3 + 10% Ca(NO3)2 + 20% NaNO3 + 60% KNO3. Th i ff t f thi i t l t d t 390 ºC (th t The corrosive effects of this mixture were evaluated at 390 ºC (the storage temperature of solar plants with parabolic cylindrical collectors) on a carbon steel (A516) and on low‐Cr alloy steels (T11 and T22). Study of T22 steel revealed a better behavior under corrosive environment, mainly by identifying the formation of y y y g MgCr2O4 protective spinels. Regarding the use of inorganic salts as phase change material (PCM), the thermo‐ ‐physical characterization of the bischofite was carried out, a by‐product from the non‐metallic industry (3).

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V.‐ Solar Water Treatment

R h Obj i Research Objectives

i) To investigate methods of decontamination and disinfection of t l t t t t f i d t i l t t d l natural waters, treatment of industrial wastewater and solar desalination of sea and brackish water. ) b h d d f l d ii) To contribute to the understanding of solar radiation processes, elucidating their photochemical mechanisms and identifying the principal operating factors involved in using solar radiation in innovative approaches to the treatment of natural, residual and brackish waters, thus promoting the diversification

• f

solar applications and the development of technologies.

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Elimination of dangerous substance in water using solar photocatalisis

Caso 1. Eliminación de timerosal a través de la oxidación de la materia

• rgánica y la reducción de mercurio (este puede ser recuperado como

amalgama con cobre) Microchem. J. 121 (2015) 938-945

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Caso 2. Oxidación de antibióticos residuales (sulfatiazol) desde aguas mediante reacción de foto-Fenton solar J Environ Sci Health-A 49 (2014) mediante reacción de foto Fenton solar J. Environ. Sci. Health A, 49 (2014) 661-670

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Green Chemistry:

R di ió

Síntesis y selección de sistemas foto catalítico

CB

e-

Energía electrónica

Radiación Solar

O

Modelamiento R di i t

Activación de carbonos alifáticos

CB

e

Recombinación de cargas

O2 O2

• -

H O

Rendimiento y

selectividad

VB

h+

E

Semiconductor con actividad f t t líti

H2O

• OH

OH O fotocatalítica

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Based on previous findings about the role played by mining regulation related to the use of soil and the difficulties that the electric regulation imposes for interconnection of new power sources, new research is being conducted to further l h i F hi h id ifi d ll l j h h explore these issues. For this purpose, we have identified all solar projects that have been capable to obtain environmental permits but are not being constructed. Complementary, new research has been conducted trying to design a different p y, y g g regulation for providing interconnection and/or expansion of transmission lines for new power sources.

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VI.‐ Economic/Social/Regulatory Issues for Solar Development p

Research Objective

Examination of economic, social and regulatory models; identification

• f barriers to the development of a primary solar technology industry

at the local level, and of barrier mitigation strategies that will facilitate the emergence of Chile as a global solar energy solution provider, among others.

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The first issue is to identify the main barriers that solar energy The first issue, is to identify the main barriers that solar energy faces for its deployment and full integration to the energy matrix in Chile. The second one is to try to assess what the right prices for each energy input should be. The main idea is that solar gy p energy should be profitable, compared to other energy sources, if negative externalities of fossil energy sources such as diesel and coal are corrected with the appropriate taxes as diesel and coal are corrected with the appropriate taxes.

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 “Chile: Paving the Way for Sustainable Energy Planning”, Energy S P B E i Pl i d P li Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy.  “Investors’ Perspectives on Barriers to the Deployment of ( ) Renewable Energy Sources in Chile”, Energies 8(5).  “A MILP Model for Optimising multi‐service portfolios of Distributed Energy Storage”, Applied Energy 137(1).  “Residential Solar PV Planning in Santiago, Chile: Incorporating the PM10 Parameter”, Sustainability 7(1).

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