Short introduction to L A T EX Christensen A tour of features with - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Short introduction to L T EX A A. D. Short introduction to L A T EX Christensen A tour of features with many examples Outline Introduction Differences to WYSIWYG editors Anders Damsgaard Christensen Required software Writing with
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
AT
A tour of features with many examples Anders Damsgaard Christensen anders.damsgaard@geo.au.dk April 28, 2010
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
1 Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
2 Writing with L
AT
EX Document structure Formatting
3 Useful packages 4 Bibliography management 5 External resources
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
T EX is a low-level markup and programming language, created to typeset documents attractively and consistently L
AT
EX is a package based on T EX, its purpose is to simplify TeX typesetting Today widely used for publications
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
You can’t see the final result straight away. Everything is controlled with written commands. The document is written in a self-chosen text editor and saved in a .tex-file. L
AT
EX converts .tex-file into a .pdf-file. Advantages: The layout, fonts, tables etc. are consistent throughout. Mathematical formulae can be easily typeset. Indexes, footnotes and references are generated easily.
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Requirements:
1 Text Editor 2 L AT
EX-binaries
3 Output viewer for DVI/PDF files
Windows:
1 (Notepad), TeXnicCenter 2 MiKTeX 3 Sumatra PDF
OS X:
1 TeXShop 2 MacTeX or TeX-live
Linux:
1 Emacsen, gvim, Texmaker, Kile 2 TeX-live
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
The document environment
The structure of a .tex-file:
\ documentclass [11 pt , a4paper , oneside ]{ report} % Preamble : A c t i v a t i o n
e x t r a packages , etc . % Top matter : T i t l e , author , etc . \begin{document} . . . % Document t e x t . . . \end{document}
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Page layout
The document class command:
\ documentclass [ options ]{ class}
Example:
\ documentclass [11 pt , a4paper , oneside ]{ report}
. . . [ a4paper , twoside , twocolumns ]{ article}
Some document classes: article, report, letter, beamer, book
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
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Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Title
Title (inserted right after \begin{document}):
\title{A LaTeX Document} \author{Anders Damsgaard Christensen \\ Aarhus University } \date {\ today} \maketitle
A LaTeX Document
Anders Damsgaard Christensen Aarhus University April 25, 2010
Figure: Example of title
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
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Sections and hierarchy
Sectioning commands:
\part{title} \chapter{title} % Only used i n books and r e p o r t s \section{title} \ subsection {title} \ subsubsection {title} \paragraph{title} \ subparagraph {title}
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Table of contents
Table of contents1:
\ tableofcontents \ listoffigures \ listoftables
Contents
1 About the course 3 2 Framework of climate science 4 2.1 Climate systems – forcing and response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.1 Feedbacks in the climate system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Climage archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2.1 Dating climate records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 Climatic data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3.1 Biotic data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3.2 Geological and geochemical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.4 Atmospheric circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 Tectonic-scale climate change 8 3.1 Carbon dioxide and long-term climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.1 The greenhouse effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.2 Faint young Sun paradox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.3 Carbon exchange between rocks and the atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.4 The Gaia hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1.5 Snowball Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 Plate tectonics and long-term climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1Two compilations required
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Paragraph spacing & -indenting
Document text placed between \begin{document} and \end{document} Line break: \\ (2×backslashes) Paragraph separation: Two breakspaces (2×enter) Line of comment: Begins with % Indent of first line vs. vertical paragraph spacing Modified in the preamble: \setlength{\parskip}{1cm plus4mm minus3mm} \setlength{\parindent}{0mm}
Short introduction to L
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T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Text styles and -size
\emph{...} I want to emphasize \textbf{...} Bold \texttt{...} Fixed width teletypefont \textsc{...} Small Capitals \tiny{...}
sample text
\scriptsize{...}
sample text
\footnotesize{...}
sample text
\small{...}
sample text
\normalsize{...} sample text \large{...}
sample text
\Large{...}
\LARGE{...}
\huge{...}
\Huge{...}
Short introduction to L
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T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Footnotes are added to the text via the \footnote{...} command. Inserting a footnote:
Bla bla bla\ f o o t n o t e {Footnote text} bla blaaa\ f o o t n o t e {Second footnote}
Footnote example Bla bla blaa bla blaaab
aFootnote text bSecond footnote
Margin text is added to the text via the \marginpar{...} command.
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Mathematics
$ math $: Math in text paragraph \[ math \]: Math centered, separated from text \begin{equation} math \end{equation}: Math centered, separated from text and labelled Math typesetting example:
This example defines $a 1$ as the ratio $\ frac {2 \ cdot b}{c}$ minus $\ beta $: \[ a 1 = \frac {2 \ cdot b}{c} − \ beta \]
This example defines a1 as the ratio 2·b
c
minus β: a1 = 2 · b c − β
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
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Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Mathematics – continued
More math typesetting examples: ⇒ δ2φ δx2 ∀x ∈ X lim
x→∞ exp(x) 10
ti ∞ e−x dx Am,n = a1,1 a1,2 · · · a1,n a2,1 a2,2 · · · a2,n . . . . . . ... . . . am,1 am,2 · · · am,n http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics
Short introduction to L
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Floats
Free, floating objects; position is only partly defined by the user (here, bottom, top, p: separate page) Automatically numbered, label used for referencing Captions can be added Float syntax:
\begin{figure
specifier ] . . . figure contents . . . \end{figure
Short introduction to L
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Floats: Tables
Table code example:
\begin{table }[ htpb ] \begin{tabular }{l c} % Two columns Product & C o s t \\ \hline % A h o r i z o n t a l l i n e Egg & 4 kr \\ Tomato & 2 kr \\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{Products for sale} \label{tab : productlist } \end{table}
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T EX
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Floats: Tables
The result: Product Cost Egg 4 kr Tomato 2 kr
Table: Products for sale
Short introduction to L
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Floats: Figures
Supported image file types: JPG, PNG and PDF Figure code example:
Have a look at figure \ref{ samplepicture }: \begin{figure }[ htbp ] \begin{center} \ includegraphics [ width =0.5\ textwidth ]{ file} % 50% of the l i n e width \caption{Sample picture} \label{ samplepicture } \end{center} \end{figure}
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Floats: Figures
Figure example Have a look at figure 2:
Figure: 2 Sample picture
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Packages: Extensions of L
AT
EX, added in the preamble with \usepackage{...} Name Usage Example mhchem \ce{(NH4)2SO4} (NH4)2SO4 hyperref \url{a@dc.dk} a@dc.dk graphicx Needed for images amsmath Advanced math t1enc Danish symbols (æø˚ a) [danish]{babel} E.g. danish autotext a4wide Narrower margins geometry Custom margins All packages are distributed with documentation on usage.
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
BibTeX
Storage of all references in an external database (.bib) Linkage to database possible from several .tex-files Citation style flexible Reference management software as helpful tools Sample entry in .bib-file:
@article{Bennett :2003 , % C i t e key Author = {Bennett , M . R . } , Journal = {Earth−Science Reviews } , Number = {3−4}, Pages = {309−−339}, Publisher = {Elsevier } , Title = {Ice streams as the arteries
֓ sheet : their mechanics , stability and ← ֓ significance } , Volume = {61} , Year = {2003}}
Short introduction to L
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BibTeX – continued
Inclusion of .bib-file into .tex-file:
\ bibliographystyle {plain} \ bibliography {database} % I . e . : ./ database . bib
Citation done with the command: \cite{key} Reference list is automatically generated from cited entries and included into the output PDF. When referring to a new reference in the bib-file:
1 Compile tex-file with LaTeX 2 Compile bib-file with BibTeX 3 Compile tex-file with LaTeX
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
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BibTeX – continued
Example: Litteratur
Baird, C., Cann, M., 2005. Environmental chemistry. WH Freeman. Fairbridge, R., 1967. Phases of diagenesis and authigenesis. Diagenesis in sediments , 19–89. Galloway, W., 1984. Hydrogeologic regimes of sandstone diagenesis. Clastic diagenesis: AAPG Memoir 37, 3–13. Gill, R., 1996. Chemical Fundamentals of Geology. Chapman & Hall. 2. udgave. Hendry, J., Trewin, N., 1995. Authigenic quartz microfabrics in cretaceous turbidites: evidence for silica transformation processes in sandstones. Journal of Sedimentary Research-Section A-Sedimentary Petrology and Processes 65, 380–392.
Custom bibliography style sheet used for natural sciences- standard referencing (e.g. Bennett et al. 2003):
http://cs.au.dk/~adc/files/adc1-en.bst http://cs.au.dk/~adc/files/adc1-da.bst
Short introduction to L
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Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
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Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Internet: Wikibook: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX IMF: http://www.imf.au.dk/system/latex/ L
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EX-bog, Lars Madsen: http://www.imf.au.dk/system/latex/bog/ Official page: http://www.latex-project.org/ L
AT
EX Cheat Sheet: http://www.stdout.org/~winston/latex/
Short introduction to L
A
T EX
Christensen Outline Introduction
Differences to WYSIWYG editors Required software
Writing with L
A
T EX
Document structure Formatting
Useful packages Bibliography management External resources Conclusions
Learning L
AT
EX is done by doing Use external resources for command- & syntax help Use document templates in the beginning Compile the PDF frequently: Helps error debugging in the code Let the floats (tables, figures) position themselves Create a dedicated directory for each project
This slideshow can be downloaded from: http://cs.au.dk/~adc/files/LaTeX-Presentation.pdf