Rural Innovation in Indonesia Law 6/2014 on villages: Many kind of - - PDF document

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Developing University-Based Rural Innovation Network through Built Environment Planning and Design

Learning from Applied Research and Community Service Program for Rural Market in Majalengka

Agus S. Ekomadyo Nurrohman Wijaya

Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Rural Innovation in Indonesia

• Law 6/2014 on villages:

authority to manage the village’s budget

• To build infrastructure, to

create economic activities, etc.

• Many kind of rural innovation efforts, exploring the potential

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Innovation and the Role of Universities

• Innovation: implementing new

ideas or concept based on certain knowledge that give added values in economic, social, and cultural

• Etzkovits Triple-Helix models of

University, Industry, Government:

• Antithesis of “ivory-tower”

university: respond the “real- problem”

• Bias on industrial development
• Little explanation on social

complexity of innovation

• To good to be true?
• University as Knowledge

Production agents:

• research based publication
• University’s knowledge

development and the agent of change

• Responsibility to the society
• How universities can:
• Contribute to local innovative

initiation, but also

• Maintain their role to produce

knowledge continuously? z

Rural Development in Majalengka:

Facing the future

• Future challenge: Aeropolis Kertajati
• Potential : Agriculture and tourism

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Village Leaders (Kuwu) and Universities Network in Majalengka

• National university: ITB (lecturers, students, alumnae)
• Local university: Majalengka University (rectors, lecturers, students)
• The village leaders communication forums and the facilitators

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Case: Rural Market in Majalengka

North Maja Village Argapura Village Sangkan Hurip Village

Building village-owned farming distribution market Revitalizing livestock market as cultural tourism Building daily good market for village citizen

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METHODS

• Actor-Network Theory’s: Pro-Innovation Situation (Yuliar, 2011)

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METHODS

• Design thinking (Dorst, 2011)
• Research is designed in pro-innovation situation: contribute to problem

solving and also gain systematized knowledge for academic publication Design result Design initiative

Design Program

Design Confirmation

Design Domain Research Domain Schematic Design

Design Consultation

Preliminary Design

Data Collection 2: Structurized

Data Collection 1: Informal discussion and site observation

Theoretical based (ANT)

Findings: the role of design for actor’s knowledge development Implementation Strategies

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Result 1: Rural Market Development

Between Initiatives and Local Policies

• The gap of authority?
• The village autonomy on budget management are impacted to the limitation of

local government authority to give infrastructure provision for rural market development

• Alternative ways to gain the development budget
• Form follow budget, budget-driven design

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Result 2: Initiation Program

• Data Collecting 1: Informal Discussion and Site Observation

For design result: information for design programming For research: the early actors’ knowledge for initiation

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Result 3: Actors’ Calculation on Initiation

Structured Interview: reconfirmation of informal discussion

• North Maja
• Less-occupied trading spaces inside the market
• Argapura
• Willingness from the village leaders to built new

distribution market inside the villages competing with the existing one outside the village

• Sangkan Hurip
• There 3 key actors leader, 2 support, one against

the idea of rural market (any kind of internal political conflict) z

Result 4: Design Process and Result

• Design Process (iterative)
• Internal discussion
• Sketches and schematic drawings
• Design consultation with stakeholders
• Not conventional participatory, but collective design

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Result 4: Design Process and Result

• Design Result: North Maja Market

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Result 4: Design Process and Result

• Design Result: Argapura Market

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Result 4: Design Process and Result

• Design Result: Sangkan Hurip Market

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Result 5: Design Confirmation

Villages Implementation Strategies Knowledge Development and the Role of ITB’s researchers North Maja Chose to initiate partnership with private sector Research activities generate more local villagers involvement ITB is recognized to access the alternative budget to development Argapura Integrating the distribution market with business programs in Multi- villages enterprises (BUMDes Bersama) Research becomes a part of BUMDes bersama initiation, to create many kind village economic activities ITB is important to make strong connection with the West Jawa Governor programs Sangkan Hurip Chose to postpone the initiation need to internal consolidation Research can mediate 2 village leaders only,

• ne leader have different political affiliation

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Discussion 1:

Designing Research in Pro Innovation Situation

• In pro-innovation situation, before research proposal is written,

researchers should understand the concerns of users, and calculate it into the research outcome.

• Antithesis for positivistic determinism: scientist know everything, the common

people just follow their knowledge

• In design research, programming is the important stage:
• Gathering information as data to guide design
• Data collecting is designed with specific theory in order to publish the project

findings academically

• It is important to record any design activities as data accountability

(concerning both ideas and documentation)

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Discussion 2: The Universities’

Mediators for sustainable rural innovation agenda

• Universities do not stay permanently in the villages, but

their knowledge can generate any kind of innovation activities there.

• Universities need mediators, to make mutual connection

among universities and the local communities

• But, mediators has also their own interests.
• It is urgent to calculate the mediators concerns for

universities in order to maintain the innovation agenda

• Calculation efforts is never ending process

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Discussion 3:

From Conventional Participatory to Collective Design

• Conventional participatory design need “neutral” facilitators to assist

stakeholders to make consensus for development program together.

• But…participation does not exist in vacuum: actors have their own interest,

some are hidden. Consensus is potentially, and it is often happen actually, betrayed.

• Collective is term used by ANT to describe social as human and non-human

relation which is collected. Collective design focuses on the actors’ concern to be composed or arranged in design process. It is important to identify the Obligatory Passage Point (OPP), a narrow channel that must be passed by all actors together to reach their own goals. z

Conclusion

1.

Universities are the agent of change (for social development), by their knowledge production capacity, that have significant actual impact to the society

• Rural innovation issues can generate many universities’ social laboratory in the villages. Not as

helped-village, but partnership-village

• But many local (mostly un-systematized) knowledge that more appropriate to the villagers, that

should be learned by universities researchers 2.

In developing universities-rural innovation network, it is important to concerns in

mediators, actors who capable to transform universities knowledge into village aspirations

and initiations, vice versa.

• Sustaining the innovation agenda, adapting the uncertainties in development program
• The Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is potentially to be exercised to conduct the research

in network perspective, especially to calculate the matters of concerns of actors involvement

3.

In architectural design domain, it is introduced collective design, using the ANT to calculate actors and to frame project process and outcomes, especially to anticipate the development uncertainity and many project constraints