SLIDE 1 CƠ SỞ XÂY DỰNG HỆ THỐNG ĐO ĐẠC, BÁO CÁO, THẨM ĐỊNH (CHO VIỆT NAM
Dr Luong Quang Huy Department of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change Office of the National Climate Change Committee Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONALLY APPROPRIATE MITIGATION ACTIONS (NAMAs) IN VIETNAM
SLIDE 2 Context
- 1. Climate change in Vietnam,
- 2. Greenhouse gas emission reduction options,
- 3. Strategic changes in responding to climate change,
- 4. Legal foundation to support NAMA development,
- 5. Plan of GHG emission management and management of
carbon trading activities to the world market,
- 6. Priority areas of NAMA management and coordination,
- 7. Priorities to improve management and coordination
- 8. Some concluding remarks.
SLIDE 3 Climate change in Vietnam
Overview
- Climate change will continue to negatively
affect Vietnam;
- Vietnam's key resources and economic sector
are highly vulnerable;
- Deltas and coastal areas are worst affected;
- Red River Delta and Mekong Delta is
particularly vulnerable areas.
SLIDE 4
Climate change impacts in Vietnam – In the past 50 years, the average annual temperature has increased by about 0.5oC; – Increased rainfall in rainy season (May 5-11); – Large floods occurs more frequently in the Central and the South; – Reduced rainfall in dry season (May 7, 8); – Annual serious droughts in most areas of the country; – Climate change increases natural disasters, especially hurricanes, floods, and droughts. Risk of reversing achievement in poverty reduction, the Millennium Development Goals and sustainable development.
Climate change in Vietnam
SLIDE 5
- Vietnam climate change scenarios (2012)
– At the end of the 21st century, temperature may increase by 2.3 ° C compared to 1980-1999; – Temperature increases from 1.6 to 2.8 ° C; that of northern and north central increase faster than the south; – Winter temperatures may increase higher than summer temperatures. – Total rainfall in rainy season increase, rainfall during dry season tends to decrease in the South; – Precipitation may increase about 5% compared with 1980-1999; that of the North increase higher than the South. – Sea level rise of about 30 cm (2050) and 75cm (2100) compared to 1980 -1999.
Climate change in Vietnam
SLIDE 6
- Vietnam signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) on 11 June 1992 and ratified on 16 November 1994;
- Vietnam signed Kyoto Protocol (KP) on 03 December 1998 and ratified on 25
September 2002.
- Vietnam has no obligation to reduce emissions, but the general obligations of
developing the National Communications, GHG inventory, develop mitigation
- ptions and adaptation measures...
- Agenda 21 of Vietnam (Vietnam Agenda 21) - August / 2004 has a number of
- bjectives related to the response to climate change
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol (KP)
Climate change and policy development
SLIDE 7
GHG emissions in 1994 and 2000 and 2010
Source: BUR1 (MONRE, 2014)
SLIDE 8
Estimated GHG emissions in 2010, 2020 and 2030.
Source: BUR1 (MONRE, 2014)
SLIDE 9 Greenhouse gas emission reduction options
Options Code Emission reduction potential (million tCO2e) Incremental cost* (US$ million) Emission reduction cost* ($/tCO2) Use high performance air conditioning E1 39,083
Converting to LPG in transport sector E2 4,726
Converting to ethanol in transport sector E3 12,265 70,497 19,2 Biomass thermopower to replace coal-fired thermopower E4 57,343 69,390 4,8 Development of small hydropower E5 55,741
Wind power instead of coal- fired power E6 68,145 668,888 41,1 Total 237,303
Energy sector
SLIDE 10 Greenhouse gas emission reduction options Agriculture sector
Options Emission reduction potential (million tons CO2e) Emission reduction cost (US$/ tonCO2e) A1: Alternate wetting and drying irrigation, System of Rice Intensification (AWD-SRI) 1.47 76.3 A2: Re-using rice crop residues as composting products 9.34
Total 10.81
SLIDE 11
Greenhouse gas emission reduction options LULUCF
Options Emission reduction potential (million tCO2e) Emission reduction cost (US$/ tonCO2) F1: Mixed planting of indigenous wood trees with centralized method. 504.17 1.3 F2: Zoning, regeneration of forest with planting of native trees under forest canopy. 151.29 1.6 F3: Community Forest Management under the forestry socialization policy with planting of native trees planted under forest canopy 137.30 0.9 Total 792.76
SLIDE 12 Greenhouse gas emission reduction options
Options Code Emission reduction potential (million tCO2e) Incremental cost* (US$ million) Emission reduction cost* ($/tCO2) Use high performance air conditioning E1 39,083
Converting to LPG in transport sector E2 4,726
Converting to ethanol in transport sector E3 12,265 70,497 19,2 Biomass thermopower to replace coal-fired thermopower E4 57,343 69,390 4,8 Development of small hydropower E5 55,741
Wind power instead of coal- fired power E6 68,145 668,888 41,1 Total 237,303
Energy sector
SLIDE 13
- UNFCCC-COP decisions and negotiations
– Bali Action Plan (BAP – COP13 - 2007): adopted NAMA in MRV manner – Copenhagen (COP15 - 2009): NAMA narrowed down to developing countries – Cancun (COP16 – 2010): need for further commitment based on CBDR-RC and developing countries shall implement NAMAs with support (f, t, cb) from Annex 1. – Durban (COP17 – 2011): 48 countries (now 50) submitted NAMAs (intention
– Doha (COP18 – 2012): registry to be adopted, supports from Annex 1 to be committed and increased, financial mechanism (GCF) to be operated. – Warsaw (COP19-2013): Launch of NAMA registry, issue of NAMA guidance based
- n countries’ experience, fine-tune of GCF mechanism to support NAMA
development. – Lima (COP20, 2014): Developing countries agreed to craft Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) that are in line with their national development
- bjectives. Through NAMAs, developing countries aim to reduce their emissions
below business as usual by 2020.
Legal foundation at international level
SLIDE 14 Legal foundation in Vietnam
- National Climate Change Strategy (Decision 2139/QD-TTg)
– “Consider low-carbon economy and green growth as principles in achieving sustainable development; GHG emission reduction and removal to become a mandatory index in social and economic development”.
- National Green Growth Strategy (Decision 1393/QD-TTg )
– “Green growth, low-carbon economy, and enrichment of natural resources become the mainstream of sustainable economic development; GHG emission reduction and sink enhancement become mandatory and important criteria for socio-economic development”.
- Plan of GHG emission management and management of carbon
trading activities to the world market (Decision 1775/QD-TTg)
– “Preparation of framework and action plans for NAMAs to be internationally registered and widely implemented” – “Development and operation of MRV system”
SLIDE 15 Priority areas of works (visualisation)
NAMA readiness Institutional Framework Advisory Mechanism GHG Inventory BAU formulation Monitoring Reporting Verification Negotiation National MRV system Financial & Technical support Crediting NAMA Pilot case studies Training, Education & capacity building
Actors / factors in NAMA management and coordination
SLIDE 16
Current NAMA management and coordination
NAMA in national policies
SLIDE 17 Current NAMA management and coordination
Current NAMA management system
NAMA Focal point / Registry / Guidance are under development
SLIDE 18 Current NAMA management and coordination
NAMA management and coordination at global scale and in Vietnam
Global scale
UNFCCC SBSTA SBI Working groups NAMA Registry IPCC WG1 WG2 WG3 Private sectors Financial institutions / mechanisms Bilateral/Multilateral cooperation GoV/NCCC MONRE Ministries Relevant agencies NAMA Registry / Focal point / Guidance Provinces DONREs Departments Private sectors Banks, financial mechanism Inter-sectoral cooperation
Vietnam
SLIDE 19 Current NAMA management and coordination
NAMA management and coordination
GoV/NCCC MONRE Ministries Relevant agencies NAMA Registry / Focal point / Guidance Private sectors Banks, financial mechanism Inter-sectoral cooperation Line ministries provide sectoral guidance, M&E, MRV DONREs and other line departments provide appraisal and approval processes Companies / Enterprises / Community groups develop NAMAs Financial aids / supports / loans Requirements for supports Research institutes Third parties provide methodologies Authorised agencies provide M&E and MRV Requirements for reporting, verifications and M&E Provisions of M&E, MRV services
SLIDE 20 Challenges and gaps in NAMA management and coordination
– NAMA institutional framework have not been established and recommendations of specific policies at national and local level to develop, implement and manage NAMAs are developed and submitted to competent authorities for consideration; – NAMA reporting and verification (R&V) systems at national level have not been developed and operational; – Roadmap for implementation of NAMAs with quantitative reduction targets has not been developed and submitted to competent authorities for approval; – Communication and capacity building programmes on NAMAs for national and provincial practitioners are inadequate.
SLIDE 21 Priorities to improve management and coordination
- Institutional arrangement and policies
– Review all legal documents on mitigation actions, NAMAs and JCM mechanism; – In-depth survey and analyses on institutional arrangement. – Development of institutional framework. – Development of an Action Plan to develop and manage NAMA. – Identify policy barriers to mitigation measures, NAMAs and JCM. – Establishment of NAMA Advisory Identity. – Development of NAMA advisory network. – Formalise the NAMA Advisory Identity in the form of PM’s decision. – Annual and periodical consultation meetings and workshops.
SLIDE 22 – Guidelines and information systems
- Development of a series of guidelines for complying with
reporting and verification procedure.
- Development of a national and publicly accessible information
system.
- Development of policies to formalize the reporting and
verification system.
- Establishment of a forum on reporting and verification
procedures.
Priorities to improve management and coordination
SLIDE 23
- Technical / methodological issues
– Review of potential NAMAs – Identify priority areas / sectors – Developing a set of criteria to select unilateral NAMA projects. – Identifying potential NAMAs for reducing GHGs emission below a Business-as-Usual (BAU) – Develop strategic roadmap for NAMA – Prioritizing potential NAMAs for international support – Identifying and prioritize potential NAMAs for the national, provincial and local policy level.
Priorities to improve management and coordination
SLIDE 24
– Central level – Training and support activities for improvement of capacity in
- (i) NAMA and climate change financing,
- (ii) NAMA technical issues at UNFCC level and
- (iii) NAMA capacity building supported by Annex 1 countries to Non-Annex 1
countries and (iv) JCM – Improvement of Vietnam’s participation and policy positions for relevant UNFCCC contact groups on NAMAs. – A national programme to improve negotiation capacity for negotiation team on NAMAs. – Provincial level / private sectors – Training programme for NAMA development, implementation and management and JCM activities for private sectors. – Training programme for department level at local provinces for state management authorities.
Priorities to improve management and coordination
SLIDE 25
Thank you!
MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY, HYDROLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
