SLIDE 1
Why “problem demarcation” ?
1.
Best serve your client’s interest
- Establish what is your client’s real problem
Problem Demarcation Why problem demarcation ? Best serve your - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Problem Demarcation Why problem demarcation ? Best serve your - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Problem Demarcation Why problem demarcation ? Best serve your clients interest 1. Establish what is your clients real problem Why problem demarcation ? Best serve your clients interest 1. Establish what is your
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Why “problem demarcation” ?
1.
Best serve your client’s interest
- Establish what is your client’s real problem
2.
Be efficient
- Look only into issues that matter
- In adequate detail
SLIDE 4
Why “problem demarcation” ?
1.
Best serve your client’s interest
- Establish what is your client’s real problem
2.
Be efficient
- Look only into issues that matter
- In adequate detail
3.
Be accountable for your findings
- Make clear what you decide to ignore
- Reflect on how this limits your conclusions
SLIDE 5
Why “problem demarcation” ?
1.
Best serve your client’s interest
- Establish what is your client’s real problem
2.
Be efficient
- Look only into issues that matter
- In adequate detail
3.
Be accountable for your findings
- Make clear what you decide to ignore
- Reflect on how this limits your conclusions
SLIDE 6
Problem demarcation
How to proceed?
- 1. Starting point
- 2. Means-ends analysis
- 3. Several problem statements
- 4. Objectives trees + System boundaries
- 5. Compare & Choose
SLIDE 7
- 1. Choose one issue as a starting point
SLIDE 8
- 1. Choose one issue as a starting point
Reduce CO2 emissions Deepen harbor
Increase capacity of container stack
SLIDE 9
Reduce ¡ ¡ CO2 ¡emissions ¡
“means-ends box” a single verb phrase
- 2. Perform a means-ends analysis
SLIDE 10
Reduce ¡ ¡ CO2 ¡emissions ¡
Why? How?
SLIDE 11
S H Why?
SLIDE 12
S H Why?
SLIDE 13
S H Why? (and so on) F
SLIDE 14
S H How? F
SLIDE 15
S H How?
SLIDE 16
S How?
SLIDE 17
S How?
SLIDE 18
S How?
SLIDE 19
S How? (and so on...)
SLIDE 20
“means-ends diagram”
SLIDE 21
problem 1 problem 2 problem 3 problem 6 , 4 , 5
SLIDE 22
- 3. Problem statements for several “focal means/
ends”
A
“focal
- bjective”
Y ¡ X
undesirable side effects
- f means
C B D E F G H I J K L A means-ends diagram:
C B D
mean s
A C B D
problem statement:
(1) “How can the client achieve A without (too much) X or Y ?”
SLIDE 23
B
“focal
- bjective”
Z ¡ X
undesirable side effects
- f means
(2) “How can the client achieve B without (too much) X or Z ?”
C B D E F G H I J K L A means-ends diagram:
E F
mean s
B F E
problem statement:
SLIDE 24
C B D E F G H I J K L A means-ends diagram: H G C
(3) “How can the client achieve C without (too much) ... ?”
undesirable side effects
- f means G and H
SLIDE 25
C B D E F G H I J K L A means-ends diagram: D I H
(4) “How can the client achieve D without (too much) ... ?”
undesirable side effects
- f means H and I
SLIDE 26
G
“focal
- bjective”
V ¡ U
undesirable side effects
- f means
C B D E F G H I J K L A means-ends diagram:
K J L
mean s
G K J L
problem statement:
X
(5) “How can the client achieve G without (too much) U, X or V ?”
SLIDE 27
(1) “How can the client achieve A without (too much) X or Y ?” (2) “How can the client achieve B without (too much) X or Z ?” (5) “How can the client achieve G without (too much) U, X or V ?”
C B D E F G H I J K L A means-ends diagram:
- 3. Problem statements for several “focal means/
ends”
SLIDE 28
- 4. Problem statement → objectives tree
A little X little Y good A
a1 < 0.1 a2 > 100
X < 5 M€
(1) “How can the client achieve A without (too much) X or Y ?”
y1 = 0 y2 < 10-6
SLIDE 29
- 4. Objectives tree → system diagram
- bjectives tree
A little Y good A
a1 < 0.1 a2 > 100
y1 = 0 y2 < 10-6 X < 5 M€ criteria
a1 ¡ y1 ¡ X ¡ a2 ¡ y2 ¡
SLIDE 30
- 4. Add means to system diagram
criteria
a1 ¡ y1 ¡ X ¡ a2 ¡ y2 ¡
means-ends diagram
C B D E F G H I J K L A A C B D
C B D
means
SLIDE 31
- 5. Choose one problem + associated system
(1) ¡“How ¡can ¡the ¡client ¡achieve ¡A ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡without ¡(too ¡much) ¡X ¡or ¡Y ¡?” ¡
a1 y1 X a2 y2
C B D
(5) ¡“How ¡can ¡the ¡client ¡achieve ¡G ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡without ¡(too ¡much) ¡U, ¡V ¡or ¡W ¡?” ¡
g1 V U g2 W
K J L
(2) ¡“How ¡can ¡the ¡client ¡achieve ¡B ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡without ¡(too ¡much) ¡Y ¡or ¡Z ¡?” ¡
b1 y2 y1 b2 Z
F E
SLIDE 32
Problem demarcation
How to proceed?
- 1. Starting point
- 2. Means-ends analysis
- 3. Several problem statements
- 4. Objectives trees + System boundaries
- 5. Compare & Choose