Personality Part 1/3 200 million per month! How does the mind work? - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Personality Part 1/3 200 million per month! How does the mind work? - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 19, 2023 257 likes •501 views

Personality Part 1/3 200 million per month! How does the mind work? How does Jacks Jasmines Jabaris Jills Jans Jacobs mind work? Personality a persons characteristic style of behaving, thinking,

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Personality

Part 1/3

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200 million per month!

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“How does the mind work?” “How does… mind work?” Jack’s Jill’s Jacob’s Jabari’s Jasmine’s Jan’s

Personality

a person’s characteristic style

  • f behaving, thinking, feeling, and

interacting with others

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Humans

Jack Jill Jacob Jabari Jasmine Jan … …

Personality Traits

Humans

Jack Jill Jacob Jabari Jasmine Jan … …

Sociality Persistence Creativity

Humans

Jack Jill Jacob Jabari Jasmine Jan … …

Open- Mindedness Loyalty Focus

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Questions + Themes

What are personality traits, and (how) can we measure them? 
 
 How do we differ, and why?
 
 How much of how we behave is inherent to us (vs. to social situations, education, upbringing, culture)?

Reliability Validity Test-Retest

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It is important to see this blot as two human figures, usually females or clowns. If you don’t, it’s seen as a sign that you have trouble relating to people. You may give other responses as well, such as “cave entrance” (the triangular white space between the two figures) and “butterfly” (the red “vagina”, bottom center)

Rorschach Test

State

being anxious right now

(but maybe not later)

Trait

being an anxious person

(in general)

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

50%

  • f people get a

different type upon retaking the test!

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

weakly predicts good managers, teammates, etc.

The “Big Five”

Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism (“emotional stability”)

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The “Big Five”

Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

The “Big Five”

Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

“I am easily distracted”

The “Big Five”

Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

“I remain calm in tense situations”

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The “Big Five”

Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

“I am generally trusting of

  • thers”

The “Big Five”

Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

The “Big Five”

Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Not 2? Not 18,000?

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Personality

Up next: Part 2/3

Personality

Part 2/3

Why?

Genes + Environment Nature + Nurture

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Monozygotic

(“identical”)

Dizygotic

(“fraternal”)

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Heritability

the proportion of trait variation that is explained by genetic variation

eye color heart disease # of eyes ~1 ~.5 ~0

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Heritability ≠ how “genetic” is trait X in some person Heritability = how “genetic” are differences in trait X across people

vs

What is heritable?

(i.e., heritability > 0)

Almost Everything

Big 5 Politics Sexual Orientation Aggression Achievement Religiosity Intelligence

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What does this say about group differences?

Nothing

Really? Nothing? Yes, nothing.

A tempting (but fallacious) argument

  • 1. Trait X is heritable within groups

(i.e. differences in X can be explained by differences in genes)

  • 2. Groups differ in X
  • 3. Group differences in X are

explained by differences in genes

therefore… good water, light, soil bad water, light, soil Heritability: High Heritability: High group differences entirely environmental

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A tempting (but fallacious) argument

  • 1. Plant height is heritable within groups

(differences in plant height can be explained by differences in genes)

  • 2. Groups differ in plant height
  • 3. Group differences in plant height

are explained by differences in genes

therefore…

X

Almost Everything

Big 5 Politics Sexual Orientation Aggression Achievement Religiosity Intelligence

What is heritable?

(i.e., heritability > 0)

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Personality

Up next: Part 3/3

Personality

Part 3/3

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Nature Nurture Personality Personality Behavior Personality Situation Behavior

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inherently bad people? inherently good people? Henry

Would you shock this puppy?

Henry

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Would you shock this puppy?

  • A. Yes




  • B. No




  • C. Look at your fancy little
  • utfit, Henry!

You’re going somewhere very important, aren’t you? Yes you are…

Henry

Would you shock this puppy?

Henry

  • A. Yes




  • B. No

% answering yes 25 50 75 100 21 Sheridan & King (1972)

Subjects shown a (real) “cute fluffy puppy” Asked to watch the puppy complete a task, and shock it if it got the wrong answer Each wrong answer increases voltage, up to 450 V Course credit earned upon arrival, no obligation to continue

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% who shocked puppy 25 50 75 100 77 Sheridan & King (1972)

Subjects shown a (real) “cute fluffy puppy” Asked to watch the puppy complete a task, and shock it if it got the wrong answer Each wrong answer increases voltage, up to 450 V Course credit earned upon arrival, no obligation to continue

The Milgram Experiment

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Yes

(70% deliver the shock)

Redone in 2009

Asch (1956): Conformity

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Personality Situation Behavior