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SLIDE 1

❆ ◆❡✇ P❛r❛❞✐❣♠ ❢♦r ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣

❆♥❞r❡✇ ❉✳ ❑❡r✶ ❛♥❞ ❚♦♠á➨ P❡✈♥ý✷

✶❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❖①❢♦r❞✱ ❯❑ ✷❈③❡❝❤ ❚❡❝❤♥✐❝❛❧ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ✐♥ Pr❛❣✉❡

✷✻t❤ ❏❛♥✉❛r② ✷✵✶✶

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✴✸✺

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SLIDE 2

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

✶ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ✷ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞

❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛①✐♠✉♠ ♠❡❛♥ ❞✐s❝r❡♣❛♥❝②

✸ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥ts

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ③❡r♦ ♦r ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✶✸ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t②

✹ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✴✸✺

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SLIDE 3

❈❧❛ss✐❝❛❧ st❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s

s❝❡♥❛r✐♦ ■♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t❧② t❡sts ♦❜❥❡❝ts ❢♦r st❡❣♦ ❝♦♥t❡♥t✳ ❈♦♥s✐❞❡r ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ❛❝t♦r✳ ❘❛r❡❧② ❤❛♣♣❡♥s ✐♥ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡✳ ✉s✉❛❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❚r❛✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❡r ♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ♦❢ ❝♦✈❡r ❛♥❞ st❡❣♦ ✐♠❛❣❡s✳ ❚❤❡ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❡r ❝❛♥ ❞❡t❡❝t ♦♥❧② s♦♠❡ st❡❣❛♥♦❣r❛♣❤✐❝ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✳ ▼✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ✇✐t❤ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠✐s♠❛t❝❤✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✸✴✸✺

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SLIDE 4

❇❛t❝❤ st❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s

s❝❡♥❛r✐♦✿ ♠♦♥✐t♦r✐♥❣ ❛ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ▼✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❛❝t♦rs tr❛♥s♠✐t ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ♦❜❥❡❝ts✳

  • ✉✐❧t② ❛❝t♦rs ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ s♦♠❡ st❡❣♦ ♦❜❥❡❝ts✳

▼♦st ❛❝t♦rs ❛r❡ ✐♥♥♦❝❡♥t✳ ♥❡✇ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠

✶ ❊①tr❛❝t st❡❣❛♥❛❧②t✐❝ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ ♦❜❥❡❝ts✳ ✷ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛t❡ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛❝t♦rs✳ ✸ ❈❧✉st❡r ❛❝t♦rs✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✹✴✸✺

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SLIDE 5

❈♦♠♣❛r✐s♦♥

❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠ ■t ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ tr❛✐♥❡❞✳ ■t ✐s ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ✉♥✐✈❡rs❛❧✳ ■t r❡♠♦✈❡s t❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠✐s♠❛t❝❤✳ ❧✐♠✐t❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❝❧❛ss✐❝❛❧ st❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ❚r❛✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❡r ♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ♦❢ ❝♦✈❡r ❛♥❞ st❡❣♦ ✐♠❛❣❡s✳ ❚❤❡ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❡r ❝❛♥ ❞❡t❡❝t ♦♥❧② s♦♠❡ st❡❣❛♥♦❣r❛♣❤✐❝ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✳ ▼✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ✇✐t❤ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠✐s♠❛t❝❤✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✺✴✸✺

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SLIDE 6

❈♦♠♣❛r✐s♦♥

❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠ ■t ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ tr❛✐♥❡❞✳ ■t ✐s ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ✉♥✐✈❡rs❛❧✳ ■t r❡♠♦✈❡s t❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠✐s♠❛t❝❤✳ ❧✐♠✐t❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❝❧❛ss✐❝❛❧ st❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ❚r❛✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❡r ♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ♦❢ ❝♦✈❡r ❛♥❞ st❡❣♦ ✐♠❛❣❡s✳ ❚❤❡ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❡r ❝❛♥ ❞❡t❡❝t ♦♥❧② s♦♠❡ st❡❣❛♥♦❣r❛♣❤✐❝ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✳ ▼✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ✇✐t❤ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠✐s♠❛t❝❤✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✺✴✸✺

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SLIDE 7

❈♦♠♣❛r✐s♦♥

❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠ ■t ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ tr❛✐♥❡❞✳ ■t ✐s ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ✉♥✐✈❡rs❛❧✳ ■t r❡♠♦✈❡s t❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ♦❢ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠✐s♠❛t❝❤✳ ❧✐♠✐t❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❝❧❛ss✐❝❛❧ st❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ❚r❛✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❡r ♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ♦❢ ❝♦✈❡r ❛♥❞ st❡❣♦ ✐♠❛❣❡s✳ ❚❤❡ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❡r ❝❛♥ ❞❡t❡❝t ♦♥❧② s♦♠❡ st❡❣❛♥♦❣r❛♣❤✐❝ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✳ ▼✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ✇✐t❤ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠✐s♠❛t❝❤✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✺✴✸✺

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SLIDE 8

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

✶ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ✷ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞

❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛①✐♠✉♠ ♠❡❛♥ ❞✐s❝r❡♣❛♥❝②

✸ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥ts

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ③❡r♦ ♦r ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✶✸ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t②

✹ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✻✴✸✺

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SLIDE 9

❆❣❣❧♦♠❡r❛t✐✈❡ ❝❧✉st❡r✐♥❣

❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❊❛❝❤ ❛❝t♦r ✐s ✐♥ ♦♥❡ ❝❧✉st❡r✳ ■t❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❏♦✐♥ t✇♦ ❝❧♦s❡st ❝❧✉st❡rs✳

D B E F G A C 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Cluster Dendrogram

Height ❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✼✴✸✺

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SLIDE 10

❉✐st❛♥❝❡s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❝❧✉st❡rs

s✐♥❣❧❡ ❧✐♥❦❛❣❡ ❉SL(❳,❨ ) = ♠✐♥①∈❳

②∈❨ ❞(①,②)

❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ ❧✐♥❦❛❣❡ ❉CL(❳,❨ ) = ♠❛①①∈❳

②∈❨ ❞(①,②)

❝❡♥tr♦✐❞ ❉CEN(❳,❨ ) =

✶ |❳|·|❨ | ∑①∈❳, ∑②∈❨ ❞(①,②)

❛✈❡r❛❣❡ ❧✐♥❦❛❣❡ ❉AVG(❳,❨ ) =

✶ (|❳∪❨ |)(|❳∪❨ |−✶) ∑①∈❳, ∑②∈❨ ❞(✉,✈)

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✽✴✸✺

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SLIDE 11

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

✶ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ✷ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞

❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛①✐♠✉♠ ♠❡❛♥ ❞✐s❝r❡♣❛♥❝②

✸ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥ts

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ③❡r♦ ♦r ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✶✸ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t②

✹ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✾✴✸✺

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SLIDE 12

▼❛①✐♠✉♠ ♠❡❛♥ ❞✐s❝r❡♣❛♥❝② ✭✶✮

❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ MMD(P,Q) = ♠❛①❢ ∈F

  • ❊❳∼P[❢ (❳)]−❊❳∼Q[❢ (❳)]
  • P ❛♥❞ Q ❛r❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥s

F ✐s ❛ ✉♥✐t ❜❛❧❧ ✐♥ ❘❡♣r♦❞✉❝✐♥❣ ❑❡r♥❡❧ ❍✐❧❜❡rt ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉♥❜✐❛s❡❞ ❡st✐♠❛t♦r MMD✷(❳,❨) =

✶ ♥(♥−✶) ∑✐=❥ ❦(①✐,①❥)+❦(②✐,②❥)−❦(①✐,②❥)−❦(①❥,②✐)

❦(·,·) : ❉ ×❉ → R ✐s ✉♥✐✈❡rs❛❧ ❜♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❦❡r♥❡❧✱ ❛♥❞ {①✐}♥

✐=✶ ∼ P, {②✐}♥ ✐=✶ ∼ Q

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✵✴✸✺

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SLIDE 13

▼❛①✐♠✉♠ ♠❡❛♥ ❞✐s❝r❡♣❛♥❝② ✭✷✮

❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ♦❢ ❦❡r♥❡❧s

  • ❛✉ss✐❛♥ ❦❡r♥❡❧

❦(①,②) = ❡−γ①−②✷

▲✐♥❡❛r ❦❡r♥❡❧ ❦(①,②) = ①t② s♦♠❡ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❧ r❡♠❛r❦s ❋❡❛t✉r❡s ❛r❡ ♥♦r♠❛❧✐③❡❞ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ③❡r♦ ♠❡❛♥ ❛♥❞ ✉♥✐t ✈❛r✐❛♥❝❡✳ ❑❡r♥❡❧ ❛♥❞ ♥♦r♠❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ❤❛✈❡ t♦ ❜❡ ✜①❡❞✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✶✴✸✺

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SLIDE 14

Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞

❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠

✶ ❊①tr❛❝t ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ ♦❜❥❡❝ts✳ ✷ ◆♦r♠❛❧✐③❡ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ✫ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛t❡ ▼▼❉ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛❝t♦rs✳ ✸ ❈❧✉st❡r ❛❝t♦rs ❜② ❛❣❣❧♦♠❡r❛t✐✈❡ ❝❧✉st❡r✐♥❣✳

❛ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥s ▼✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❛❝t♦rs tr❛♥s♠✐t ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ♦❜❥❡❝ts✳

  • ✉✐❧t② ❛❝t♦rs ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ s♦♠❡ st❡❣♦ ♦❜❥❡❝ts✳

▼♦st ❛❝t♦rs ❛r❡ ✐♥♥♦❝❡♥t✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✷✴✸✺

slide-15
SLIDE 15

❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛❧ s❡t✉♣

❆❝t♦rs ❛r❡ s✐♠✉❧❛t❡❞ ❜② ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❞✐❣✐t❛❧ ❝❛♠❡r❛s✳ ❆❧❧ ❛❝t♦rs ✉s❡ s✐♥❣❧❡✲❝♦♠♣r❡ss❡❞ ❏P❊●s ✇✐t❤ q✉❛❧✐t② ❢❛❝t♦r ✽✵✳

  • ✉✐❧t② ❛❝t♦r ✉s❡s ❋✺ ✇✐t❤ s❤r✐♥❦❛❣❡ r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ❜② ✇❡t ♣❛♣❡r

❝♦❞❡s ❛♥❞ ♠❛tr✐① ❡♠❜❡❞❞✐♥❣ t✉r♥❡❞ ♦✛✳ ❚❤❡ st❡❣❛♥❛❧②st ✉s❡s P❋✷✼✹ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s✳ ❘❡s✉❧t ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ✉s❡❞ ❝❡♥tr♦✐❞ ❝❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✭♠♦r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❛♣❡r✮✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✸✴✸✺

slide-16
SLIDE 16

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

✶ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ✷ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞

❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛①✐♠✉♠ ♠❡❛♥ ❞✐s❝r❡♣❛♥❝②

✸ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥ts

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ③❡r♦ ♦r ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✶✸ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t②

✹ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✹✴✸✺

slide-17
SLIDE 17

❆❝t♦rs ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❝❛♠❡r❛s

❛❝t♦r ❝❛♠❡r❛ r❡s♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ❆ ❖❧②♠♣✉s ❝✼✻✺ ✷✷✽✽×✶✼✶✷ ❇ ◆✐❦♦♥ ❉✶✵✵ ✸✵✵✽×✷✵✵✵ ❈ ❙✐❣♠❛ ❙❉✾ ✷✷✻✽×✶✺✶✷ ❉ ▼✐♥♦❧t❛ ❉✐▼❛❣❡ ❆✶ ✷✵✵✵×✶✺✵✵ ❊ ❈❛♥♦♥ P♦✇❡rs❤♦t ●✷ ✷✷✼✷×✶✼✵✹ ❋ ❈❛♥♦♥ P♦✇❡rs❤♦t ❙✹✵ ✷✷✼✷×✶✼✵✹

  • ❑♦❞❛❦ ❉❈✷✾✵

✶✼✾✷×✶✷✵✵

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✺✴✸✺

slide-18
SLIDE 18

❆❧❧ ❛❝t♦rs ❡♠✐t ❝♦✈❡r ♦❜❥❡❝ts

B D C E F A G 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cluster Dendrogram

height −20 −10 10 20 −20 −10 10 20 30

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✻✴✸✺

slide-19
SLIDE 19

❆❝t♦r ❆ ❡♠✐ts ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵✳✶❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✶✵% ✐♠❛❣❡s

B D C A G E F 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cluster Dendrogram

height −20 −10 10 20 −20 −10 10 20

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✼✴✸✺

slide-20
SLIDE 20

❆❝t♦r ❆ ❡♠✐ts ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵✳✷❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✷✵% ✐♠❛❣❡s

A B D C G E F 10 20 30 40

Cluster Dendrogram

height −20 20 40 −20 −10 10 20

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✽✴✸✺

slide-21
SLIDE 21

❆❝t♦r ❆ ❡♠✐ts ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵✳✷✺❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✷✺% ✐♠❛❣❡s

A B D C G E F 20 40 60 80 100

Cluster Dendrogram

height −20 20 40 60 80 100 −20 −10 10 20

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✶✾✴✸✺

slide-22
SLIDE 22

❆❝t♦r ❆ ❡♠✐ts ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵✳✸❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✸✵% ✐♠❛❣❡s

A B D C G E F 50 100 150

Cluster Dendrogram

height −50 50 100 150 −20 −10 10 20

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✵✴✸✺

slide-23
SLIDE 23

❆❝t♦r ❆ ❡♠✐ts ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵✳✹❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✹✵% ✐♠❛❣❡s

A B D C G E F 100 200 300 400 500

Cluster Dendrogram

height −100 100 200 300 400 −10 10 20

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✶✴✸✺

slide-24
SLIDE 24

❆❝t♦r ❆ ❡♠✐ts ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵✳✺❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✺✵% ✐♠❛❣❡s

A B D C G E F 200 400 600 800 1200

Cluster Dendrogram

height −1000 1000 2000 3000 4000 −20 −10 10 20

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✷✴✸✺

slide-25
SLIDE 25

❆❝t♦r ❆ ❡♠✐ts ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵✳✻❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✻✵% ✐♠❛❣❡s

A B D C G E F 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Cluster Dendrogram

height −500 500 1000 1500 2000 −20 −10 10 20

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✸✴✸✺

slide-26
SLIDE 26

❆❝t♦r ❆ ❡♠✐ts ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵✳✼❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✼✵% ✐♠❛❣❡s

A B D C G E F 1000 2000 3000 4000

Cluster Dendrogram

height −1000 1000 2000 3000 4000 −20 −10 10 20

MDS plot

A B C D E F G

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✹✴✸✺

slide-27
SLIDE 27

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✖ ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛❧ r❡s✉❧ts

♣r♦♣♦s❡❞ ❞❡t❡❝t♦r ❆❧♠♦st ♣❡r❢❡❝t ❞❡t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛t ✵✳✵✻✷✺❜♣♥③✳ ◆❂✷✵✵✱ ✵✳✷✺❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✷✺✪ ✐♠❛❣❡s t❛r❣❡t❡❞ ❞❡t❡❝t♦r ❆❧♠♦st ♣❡r❢❡❝t ❞❡t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛t ✵✳✵✺❜♣♥③✳

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 20 40 60 80 100 x bpnz in (100 · x)% images Accuracy N=200 N=50 N=10

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✺✴✸✺

slide-28
SLIDE 28

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

✶ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ✷ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞

❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛①✐♠✉♠ ♠❡❛♥ ❞✐s❝r❡♣❛♥❝②

✸ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥ts

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ③❡r♦ ♦r ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✶✸ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t②

✹ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✻✴✸✺

slide-29
SLIDE 29

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ③❡r♦ ♦r ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t②

❩❡r♦ ❢❛❧s❡ ♣♦s✐t✐✈❡ r❛t❡✳ ❩❡r♦ ✐♥❝♦rr❡❝t ♣♦s✐t✐✈❡ r❛t❡ ✭❛❝❝✉s❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐♥♥♦❝❡♥t ♣❡rs♦♥✮✳ ❉❡❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ❞✉❡ t♦ ❢❛❧s❡ ♥❡❣❛t✐✈❡s✳

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 20 40 60 80 100 x bpnz in (100 · x)% images Accuracy zero or one always one

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✼✴✸✺

slide-30
SLIDE 30

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ③❡r♦ ♦r ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t②

  • ✉✐❧t②

■❞❡♥t✐✜❡❞ ❛❝t♦r ❛❝t♦r ♥♦♥❡ ❆ ❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋

  • ♥♦♥❡

✶✵✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❆ ✾✻ ✹ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❇ ✺✶ ✵ ✹✾ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❈ ✻✽ ✵ ✵ ✸✷ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❉ ✾✾ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❊ ✾✸ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✼ ✵ ✵ ❋ ✾✶ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾ ✵

  • ✶✵✵

✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵

❚❛❜✿ ✵✳✸❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✸✵✪ ✐♠❛❣❡s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ✷✺✳✸✪ ◆❂✺✵

  • ✉✐❧t②

■❞❡♥t✐✜❡❞ ❛❝t♦r ❛❝t♦r ♥♦♥❡ ❆ ❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋

  • ♥♦♥❡

✶✵✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❆ ✶✶ ✽✾ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❇ ✷ ✵ ✾✽ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❈ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✵✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❉ ✷✷ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✼✽ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❊ ✶✶ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✽✾ ✵ ✵ ❋ ✼ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾✸ ✵

  • ✷✹

✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✼✻

❚❛❜✿ ✵✳✹❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✹✵✪ ✐♠❛❣❡s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ✾✵✳✹✪ ◆❂✺✵

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✽✴✸✺

slide-31
SLIDE 31

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

✶ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ✷ Pr♦♣♦s❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞

❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛①✐♠✉♠ ♠❡❛♥ ❞✐s❝r❡♣❛♥❝②

✸ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥ts

✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✼ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ③❡r♦ ♦r ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ✶✸ ❛❝t♦rs✱ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t②

✹ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✷✾✴✸✺

slide-32
SLIDE 32

❈❛♠❡r❛s ♦❢ ♥❡✇ ❛❝t♦rs

❛❝t♦r ❝❛♠❡r❛ r❡s♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ❍ ❈❛♥♦♥ ❊❖❙ ✹✵✵❉ ✸✾✵✻×✷✻✵✷ ■ P❡♥t❛① ❑✷✵❉ ✹✻✽✽×✸✶✷✹ ❏ ❈❛♥♦♥ ❊❖❙ ✼❉ ✺✷✵✷×✸✹✻✺ ❑ ❈❛♥♦♥ ❉✐❣✐t❛❧ ❘❡❜❡❧ ❳❙✐ ✹✷✾✵×✷✽✺✻ ▲ ▲❡✐❝❛ ▼✾ ✺✷✶✻×✸✹✼✷ ▼ ◆✐❦♦♥ ❉✼✵ ✸✵✸✾×✷✵✶✹

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✸✵✴✸✺

slide-33
SLIDE 33

✶✸ ❛❝t♦rs ✉s✐♥❣ ✐♠❛❣❡s ✇✐t❤ ♥❛t✐✈❡ r❡s♦❧✉t✐♦♥

♥❛t✐✈❡ r❡s♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ✵✳✼❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✼✵✪ ✐♠❛❣❡s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ✹✸% ✶✵✵ ✐♠❛❣❡s ♣❡r ❛❝t♦r ❖♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ❛❝t♦r ▼▼❉ ✇✐t❤ ❧✐♥❡❛r ❦❡r♥❡❧ ❈❡♥tr♦✐❞ ❝❧✉st❡r✐♥❣

  • ✉✐❧t②

■❞❡♥t✐✜❡❞ ❛❝t♦r ❛❝t♦r ❆ ❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋ ● ❍ ■ ❏ ❑ ▲ ▼ ❆ ✻✹ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✸✻ ✵ ✵ ❇ ✵ ✹✸ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✺✼ ✵ ✵ ❈ ✵ ✵ ✻✹ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✸✻ ✵ ✵ ❉ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✼✶ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✷✾ ✵ ✵ ❊ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✽ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✽✷ ✵ ✵ ❋ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✽ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✽✷ ✵ ✵

✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✷✶ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✼✾ ✵ ✵ ❍ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✺✺ ✵ ✵ ✹✺ ✵ ✵ ■ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✷ ✵ ✾✽ ✵ ✵ ❏ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✵✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ❑ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✵✵ ✵ ✵ ▲ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✵✵ ✵ ✵ ▼ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾✼ ✵ ✸

❚❛❜✿ ◆❂✶✵✵

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✸✶✴✸✺

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SLIDE 34

✶✸ ❛❝t♦rs ✉s✐♥❣ ❝r♦♣♣❡❞ ✐♠❛❣❡s

■♠❛❣❡s ❝r♦♣♣❡❞ t♦ ✶✼✾✷×✶✷✵✵ ✵✳✸❜♣♥③ ✐♥ ✸✵✪ ✐♠❛❣❡s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ✽✺.✶% ✶✵✵ ✐♠❛❣❡s ♣❡r ❛❝t♦r ❖♥❡ ❣✉✐❧t② ❛❝t♦r ▼▼❉ ✇✐t❤ ❧✐♥❡❛r ❦❡r♥❡❧ ❈❡♥tr♦✐❞ ❝❧✉st❡r✐♥❣

  • ✉✐❧t②

■❞❡♥t✐✜❡❞ ❛❝t♦r ❛❝t♦r ❆ ❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋ ● ❍ ■ ❏ ❑ ▲ ▼ ❆ ✾✼ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✸ ❇ ✵ ✾✼ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✸ ❈ ✵ ✵ ✼✽ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✷✷ ❉ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾✸ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✼ ❊ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾✹ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✻ ❋ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✵

✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✼✾ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✷✶ ❍ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✺✶ ✶ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✸✾ ■ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾✸ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✼ ❏ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✾✷ ✵ ✵ ✽ ❑ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✻✷ ✵ ✸✼ ▲ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✽✵ ✷✵ ▼ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✵✵

❚❛❜✿ ◆❂✶✵✵

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✸✷✴✸✺

slide-35
SLIDE 35

❙❝❡♥❛r✐♦s ❝♦♠♣❛r❡❞

▼▼❉ ✇✐t❤ ❧✐♥❡❛r ❦❡r♥❡❧ ❈❡♥tr♦✐❞ ❝❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ Pr♦❜❧❡♠ P❋✷✼✹ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ❞♦ ♥♦t s❝❛❧❡ ✇❡❧❧ ✇✐t❤ r❡s♣❡❝t t♦ ✐♠❛❣❡ s✐③❡✳

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 20 40 60 80 100 x bpnz in (100 · x)% images Accuracy 7 actors, uncropped 13 actors, cropped 13 actors, uncropped

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✸✸✴✸✺

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SLIDE 36

❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥

◆❡✇ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠ ❢♦r ♣♦♦❧❡❞ st❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✇❛s ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡❞✳

❯s❡s ❝❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ r❛t❤❡r t❤❡♥ ❝❧❛ss✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥✳ ■❞❡♥t✐✜❡s ❛❝t♦rs r❛t❤❡r t❤❡♥ ♦❜❥❡❝ts✳

❆❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s

❉♦❡s ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣✳ ■s ✉♥✐✈❡rs❛❧✳ ▼✐t✐❣❛t❡s t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♠✐s♠❛t❝❤✳

  • ♦♦❞ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ❢♦r ♣❛②❧♦❛❞ ✵.✵✹−✵.✶✻❜♣♥③✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✸✹✴✸✺

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SLIDE 37

❋✉t✉r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s

■♥✈❡st✐❣❛t❡ ♦t❤❡r ❝❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s✳ ❊①❛♠✐♥❡ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ♠❡tr✐❝ ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ ▼▼❉✳ ❊①❛♠✐♥❡ r♦❜✉st♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ P❋✷✼✹ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s✳ ❉❡✈❡❧♦♣ ♠♦r❡ r♦❜✉st ❢❡❛t✉r❡s✳

❆✳ ❑❡r✱ ❚✳ P❡✈♥ý ⑤ ❙t❡❣❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✈✐❛ ❈❧✉st❡r✐♥❣ ✸✺✴✸✺