Outline General concepts Instruments Applications reflectance, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Outline General concepts Instruments Applications reflectance, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Outline General concepts Instruments Applications reflectance, absorption, fluorescence Non-conventional instruments for absorption spectroscopy Spectroscopy by mobile devices Raman spectroscopy The kitchen of the

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Outline

 General concepts  Instruments  Applications

 reflectance, absorption, fluorescence

 Non-conventional instruments for absorption

spectroscopy

 Spectroscopy by mobile devices  Raman spectroscopy  The kitchen of the future

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SLIDE 2

………… Steps towards multicomponent analysis

R2

Spectroscopy

Chemometrics

Classification maps

Library of ref. spectra / analytical data

Model for prediction of quality indicators

Validation

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SLIDE 3

 Reflection spectroscopy

 Meat  Cheese  Tomatoes  Honey  Surimi

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Fiber optic reflectometer for online detection of beef premature browning

Fiber optic spectroscopy for process control of beef

FO probe

  • M. O’Farrell et alii, IEEE Sensors J., vol. 5, 2005, pp. 1407
  • M. O’Farrell et alii, IEEE Sensors J., vol. 7, 2007, pp. 1685
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SLIDE 5

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Cheese – quality

Čurda et alii, J. Food Eng., vol. 61, 2004, pp.557-560 C.C. Fagan et alii, Int. Dairy J., vol. 18, 2008, pp. 120-128

dry matter fat

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SLIDE 6

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Surimi – quality

M.Uddin et alii, Food Chem., vol. 96, 2006, pp. 491-495

protein content water content

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SLIDE 7

Honey – adulteration

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  • G. Downey et alii, J. Near Infrared Spectr. vol. 11, 2003, pp. 447-456
  • T. Woodcock et alii, Food Chem., vol. 114, 2009, pp. 742-746
  • beet syrup
  • corn syrup

10-50% w/w pure adulterated

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SLIDE 8

Tomato – nutraceutinc labelling of lycopene

+ lycopene

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SLIDE 9

Tomato – nutraceutinc labelling of lycopene

R2 (cal) RMSEC

mg/hg

R2 (val) RMSECV

mg/hg

Calista

0,81 4,2 0,78 4,6

Volna

0,9 2,1 0,81 2,5

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SLIDE 10

 Absorption spectroscopy

 Milk  Tea  Olive oil  Wines  Tequila  Whisky

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SLIDE 11

Milk – quality

  • M. Kawasaki et alii, Comp. Electron. Agric., vol. 63, 2008, pp.22-27

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from infusion

  • Multicomponent analysis of

antioxidants and product features

  • Excellent correlation (R2 >0.87)

to polyphenols,caffeine,amino- acids, lignin

Tea – authentication & multianalytics

  • Y. He et alii, J. Food Eng. vol. 79, 2007, pp. 1238-1242

S.He Yan, J. NIR Spectr. vol. 13, 2007, pp. 313-325

from leaves

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Extra virgin olive oil – adulteration

A.A. Christy et alii, Anal. Sci. vol. 20, 2004, pp. 935-940

  • G. Downey et alii, J. Agric. Food Chem. vol. 50, 2002, 5520-5525

sunflower

  • live
  • live

sunflower-olive mixtures

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Extra virgin olive oil – authentication

A.G. Mignani et alii, SPIE vol. 7003, 2008, pp. 700326-1/6 A.G. Mignani et alii, SPIE vol. 6585, 2007, pp. 65852C-1/6

  • 0.5

0.5

  • 0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6

  • 0.2

0.2 DF 2 DF 1 DF 3 Calabria Lombardy Sicily Tuscany

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SLIDE 15

Olive oil – correlation to nutritional factors

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A.G. Mignani et alii, SPIE vol. 7003, 2008, pp. 700326-1/6

Parameter Average content SECV R % Oleic Acid 74.4 % 2.5 % 0.91 % Palmitic Acid 11.9 % 1.7 % 0.87 % Palmitoleic Acid 0.8 % 0.4 % 0.81 % Palmitic + Stearic Acids 14.1 % 1.4 % 0.97 % Eptadecanoic Acid 0.1 % 0.05 % 0.70 % Eptadecenoic Acid 0.2 % 0.07 % 0.80 % Linoleic + Linolenic Acids 9.6 % 1.8 % 0.66

70 75 80 72 74 76 78 80 Oleic Estimated Oleic R = 0.91 8 10 12 14 16 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Palmitic Estimated Palmitic R = 0.87

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Our experiment with Chinese soy-bean oils

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Hogwash oil

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= aZEs9XK4PBU

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Detection of hogwash oil in soy-bean oils using optical spectroscopy

H: hogwash oil

S1: Arawana Dragonfish soy-bean oil

S2: soy-bean oil, local production

S3: Italian soy-bean oil

Mixs: 5%-10%-25%-50%-75% v/v

Replicas: 25%-50%-75% v/v and pure oils

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Absorption spectroscopy – in transmission

Transmitted spectrum Optical fiber spectrometer White LED source Oil sample in a vial

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Detection of hogwash oil using full-band absorption spectroscopy

0.05 0.1 0.15

  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

Distance Angle ( deg )

s1 s1h05 s1h10 s1h25 s1h50 s1h75 s2 s2h05 s2h10 s2h25 s2h50 s2h75 s3 s3h05 s3h10 s3h25 s3h50 s3h75

Asterisks = validation points

s1 s2 s3

  • 0.1
  • 0.05

0.05 0.1

  • 0.015
  • 0.01
  • 0.005

0.005 0.01 0.015 PC 1 ( 95.6 % ) PC 2 ( 4.3 % )

h s1 s1h05 s1h10 s1h25 s1h50 s1h75 s2 s2h05 s2h10 s2h25 s2h50 s2h75 s3 s3h05 s3h10 s3h25 s3h50 s3h75

Asterisks = validation points

h s1 s1h25 s1h50 s1h75 s2 s2h25 s2h50 s2h75 s3 s3h25 s3h50 s3h75

h s1 s2 s3

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Wines – process monitoring

  • D. Cozzolino et alii, Biotech. Bioeng., 2006, doi 10.1002/bit.21067
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Wine – authentication

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Tequila – fraud detection

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http://www.itequila.org

  • O. Barbosa Garcìa et alii, Spectrochm. Acta A, vol. 66, 2007, pp. 129-134

PhotonicsIndia 2010

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Whisky – authentication

Area ID code Brand Islands C Bruichladdich D Tobermory N Arran T Ardbeg X Islay Mist Z Bunnahabhain Highlands A Macallan 10 G Stronachie H Ancnoc J Speyburn K Tomatin M Tomintoul R Deanston S Ben Riach W Balblair Commercial‐grade blends C1 Chivas Regal C2 Ballantines C3 Johnny Walker

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Whisky – authentication

  • 1.5
  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1

  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 DF 1 DF 2

A C D G H J K M N R S T W X Z C1 C2 C3

highlands islands blends

A.G. Mignani et alii, Sens.Act.B, 2012, vol. 171-172, pp. 458-462

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250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Wavelength ( nm ) Absorbance highlands islands comm. 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Wavelength ( nm ) Absorbance highlands islands comm.

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Fluorescence spectroscopy - Milk

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micro-cell filter filter PMT UV LED

AFB1 AFM1

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A portable fluorometer for the rapid detection of the carcinogenic M1 aflatoxin in milk – the instrumentation

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 20 40 60 80 100 120

A.U.

Em.Filter 450nm UVLED+exc.filt 365nm

Wavelength (nm)

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 20 40 60 80 100 120 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 20 40 60 80 100 120

A.U.

Em.Filter 450nm UVLED+exc.filt 365nm

Wavelength (nm)

AFM1 cell: quartz ultra-micro

2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500

BLANK 25 ppt 50 ppt 125 ppt

AFM1 Concentration

Fluorescence signal

(Counts)

25-50ppt < 25ppt >50ppt

safe alert

baby-food

alarm

up to the legal limit

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SLIDE 28

Milk – AFM1 monitoring by fluorescence meas.

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  • C. Cucci et alii, Sens. Act. B, vol. 126, 2007, pp. 467-472

A.G. Mignani et alii, SPIE vol. 7004, 2008, pp. 70045S-1/4

Miniaturized specrometer UV LED Optical fibers for illumination/detection -cell for 90°-fluorescence measurements Miniaturized specrometer UV LED Optical fibers for illumination/detection -cell for 90°-fluorescence measurements

Adult food: AFM1 < 50 ppt

400 450 500 550 600 650 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Wavelength ( nm ) Corrected Normalized Output 50 100 250

  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5 10 15

  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5 10 PC 1 ( 74.6 % ) PC 2 ( 20.2 % ) 50 100 250