Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

6 Two major Objectives Objective 1/2: Optimized handover solutions for MN’s. Key research questions addressed in this part are. How the facilities of the MIH framework can be utilized for the mitigation of scanning delays in 802.11 networks during handovers? 1 at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and Access Point (AP) selection in 2 homogeneous networks? at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and efficient network selection in 3 heterogeneous networks? Objective 2/2 The analysis of handover signaling of different NEMO Route Optimization (RO) schemes. Question addressed is 4 What is the cost of the important Network Mobility (NEMO) route optimization solutions, in terms of changes required to the functionality of network components and to the architecture of mobile networks? What is the efficiency of these solutions in terms of reduction of the number of tunnels and their signaling complexity during handovers? www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

6 Two major Objectives Objective 1/2: Optimized handover solutions for MN’s. Key research questions addressed in this part are. How the facilities of the MIH framework can be utilized for the mitigation of scanning delays in 802.11 networks during handovers? 1 at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and Access Point (AP) selection in 2 homogeneous networks? at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and efficient network selection in 3 heterogeneous networks? Objective 2/2 The analysis of handover signaling of different NEMO Route Optimization (RO) schemes. Question addressed is 4 What is the cost of the important Network Mobility (NEMO) route optimization solutions, in terms of changes required to the functionality of network components and to the architecture of mobile networks? What is the efficiency of these solutions in terms of reduction of the number of tunnels and their signaling complexity during handovers? www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

6 Two major Objectives Objective 1/2: Optimized handover solutions for MN’s. Key research questions addressed in this part are. How the facilities of the MIH framework can be utilized for the mitigation of scanning delays in 802.11 networks during handovers? 1 at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and Access Point (AP) selection in 2 homogeneous networks? at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and efficient network selection in 3 heterogeneous networks? Objective 2/2 The analysis of handover signaling of different NEMO Route Optimization (RO) schemes. Question addressed is 4 What is the cost of the important Network Mobility (NEMO) route optimization solutions, in terms of changes required to the functionality of network components and to the architecture of mobile networks? What is the efficiency of these solutions in terms of reduction of the number of tunnels and their signaling complexity during handovers? www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

6 Two major Objectives Objective 1/2: Optimized handover solutions for MN’s. Key research questions addressed in this part are. How the facilities of the MIH framework can be utilized for the mitigation of scanning delays in 802.11 networks during handovers? 1 at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and Access Point (AP) selection in 2 homogeneous networks? at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and efficient network selection in 3 heterogeneous networks? Objective 2/2 The analysis of handover signaling of different NEMO Route Optimization (RO) schemes. Question addressed is 4 What is the cost of the important Network Mobility (NEMO) route optimization solutions, in terms of changes required to the functionality of network components and to the architecture of mobile networks? What is the efficiency of these solutions in terms of reduction of the number of tunnels and their signaling complexity during handovers? www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

6 Two major Objectives Objective 1/2: Optimized handover solutions for MN’s. Key research questions addressed in this part are. How the facilities of the MIH framework can be utilized for the mitigation of scanning delays in 802.11 networks during handovers? 1 at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and Access Point (AP) selection in 2 homogeneous networks? at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and efficient network selection in 3 heterogeneous networks? Objective 2/2 The analysis of handover signaling of different NEMO Route Optimization (RO) schemes. Question addressed is 4 What is the cost of the important Network Mobility (NEMO) route optimization solutions, in terms of changes required to the functionality of network components and to the architecture of mobile networks? What is the efficiency of these solutions in terms of reduction of the number of tunnels and their signaling complexity during handovers? www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

6 Two major Objectives Objective 1/2: Optimized handover solutions for MN’s. Key research questions addressed in this part are. How the facilities of the MIH framework can be utilized for the mitigation of scanning delays in 802.11 networks during handovers? 1 at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and Access Point (AP) selection in 2 homogeneous networks? at the IP layer and above, for seamless handovers and efficient network selection in 3 heterogeneous networks? Objective 2/2 The analysis of handover signaling of different NEMO Route Optimization (RO) schemes. Question addressed is 4 What is the cost of the important Network Mobility (NEMO) route optimization solutions, in terms of changes required to the functionality of network components and to the architecture of mobile networks? What is the efficiency of these solutions in terms of reduction of the number of tunnels and their signaling complexity during handovers? www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

7 Research Methods and Tools — For the first objective, a simulation Application Layer Handover Target module from NIST was utilized. MIIS functionality added. recomendation on MIIS MN Extended with The ability to and handover decision query MIIS, share its GPS logic implementation — NIST module implements MIH draft coordinates and preferences. on MN. Extension of MN to make use of intelligent sacn, PoA & network version 3 for ns-2. selection algorithms. TCP/IP — No support for Media Independent Extra Functionality added to MN MIHF Information Service (MIIS) in NIST. and BS for sending receiving messages to MIIS — MIIS support, needed extensions Changes to the 802.11 MAC MAC layer and amendments were made to the layer iimplementation for Intelligent Scanning NIST module during this research. Physical Layer — For the second objective different proposed NEMO route optimization Figure 1: Changes to the NIST Module. solutions were studied using analytical modeling. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

7 Research Methods and Tools — For the first objective, a simulation Application Layer Handover Target module from NIST was utilized. MIIS functionality added. recomendation on MIIS MN Extended with The ability to and handover decision query MIIS, share its GPS logic implementation — NIST module implements MIH draft coordinates and preferences. on MN. Extension of MN to make use of intelligent sacn, PoA & network version 3 for ns-2. selection algorithms. TCP/IP — No support for Media Independent Extra Functionality added to MN MIHF Information Service (MIIS) in NIST. and BS for sending receiving messages to MIIS — MIIS support, needed extensions Changes to the 802.11 MAC MAC layer and amendments were made to the layer iimplementation for Intelligent Scanning NIST module during this research. Physical Layer — For the second objective different proposed NEMO route optimization Figure 1: Changes to the NIST Module. solutions were studied using analytical modeling. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

7 Research Methods and Tools — For the first objective, a simulation Application Layer Handover Target module from NIST was utilized. MIIS functionality added. recomendation on MIIS MN Extended with The ability to and handover decision query MIIS, share its GPS logic implementation — NIST module implements MIH draft coordinates and preferences. on MN. Extension of MN to make use of intelligent sacn, PoA & network version 3 for ns-2. selection algorithms. TCP/IP — No support for Media Independent Extra Functionality added to MN MIHF Information Service (MIIS) in NIST. and BS for sending receiving messages to MIIS — MIIS support, needed extensions Changes to the 802.11 MAC MAC layer and amendments were made to the layer iimplementation for Intelligent Scanning NIST module during this research. Physical Layer — For the second objective different proposed NEMO route optimization Figure 1: Changes to the NIST Module. solutions were studied using analytical modeling. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

7 Research Methods and Tools — For the first objective, a simulation Application Layer Handover Target module from NIST was utilized. MIIS functionality added. recomendation on MIIS MN Extended with The ability to and handover decision query MIIS, share its GPS logic implementation — NIST module implements MIH draft coordinates and preferences. on MN. Extension of MN to make use of intelligent sacn, PoA & network version 3 for ns-2. selection algorithms. TCP/IP — No support for Media Independent Extra Functionality added to MN MIHF Information Service (MIIS) in NIST. and BS for sending receiving messages to MIIS — MIIS support, needed extensions Changes to the 802.11 MAC MAC layer and amendments were made to the layer iimplementation for Intelligent Scanning NIST module during this research. Physical Layer — For the second objective different proposed NEMO route optimization Figure 1: Changes to the NIST Module. solutions were studied using analytical modeling. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

7 Research Methods and Tools — For the first objective, a simulation Application Layer Handover Target module from NIST was utilized. MIIS functionality added. recomendation on MIIS MN Extended with The ability to and handover decision query MIIS, share its GPS logic implementation — NIST module implements MIH draft coordinates and preferences. on MN. Extension of MN to make use of intelligent sacn, PoA & network version 3 for ns-2. selection algorithms. TCP/IP — No support for Media Independent Extra Functionality added to MN MIHF Information Service (MIIS) in NIST. and BS for sending receiving messages to MIIS — MIIS support, needed extensions Changes to the 802.11 MAC MAC layer and amendments were made to the layer iimplementation for Intelligent Scanning NIST module during this research. Physical Layer — For the second objective different proposed NEMO route optimization Figure 1: Changes to the NIST Module. solutions were studied using analytical modeling. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

8 Thesis Structure Part I Introduction Part II Selected Papers Part III Appendix Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Papers Appendix A Introduction Background Contributions A, B, C, D, E, F, G Figure 2: Thesis Structure www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

8 Thesis Structure Part I Introduction Part II Selected Papers Part III Appendix Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Papers Appendix A Introduction Background Contributions A, B, C, D, E, F, G Figure 2: Thesis Structure Introduction to Thesis www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

8 Thesis Structure Part I Introduction Part II Selected Papers Part III Appendix Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Papers Appendix A Introduction Background Contributions A, B, C, D, E, F, G Figure 2: Thesis Structure Introduction Definitions to Thesis and Concepts www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

8 Thesis Structure Part I Introduction Part II Selected Papers Part III Appendix Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Papers Appendix A Introduction Background Contributions A, B, C, D, E, F, G Figure 2: Thesis Structure Introduction Definitions Paper wise to Thesis and Concepts Summary. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

8 Thesis Structure Part I Introduction Part II Selected Papers Part III Appendix Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Papers Appendix A Introduction Background Contributions A, B, C, D, E, F, G Figure 2: Thesis Structure Introduction Definitions Paper wise Full Papers to Thesis and Concepts Summary. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

8 Thesis Structure Part I Introduction Part II Selected Papers Part III Appendix Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Papers Appendix A Introduction Background Contributions A, B, C, D, E, F, G Figure 2: Thesis Structure Introduction Definitions Paper wise Full Papers Preliminary version to Thesis and Concepts Summary. of Paper-G (NEMO). www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

9 Table of contents Introduction Motivation Objectives Research Methods and Tools Thesis Structure Contribution MAC Layer Handovers IP Layer Handovers Heterogeneous Handovers Mobile Networks Conclusions and Future work www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

10 Papers Authors Muhammad Qasim Khan & Steinar Hidle Andresen Table 1: Published Papers Papers Target Decision Problem Handover (HO) HO initiation Single MN or layer layer addressed scope & control mobile N/W 802.11 MIHO, MCHO A MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO 802.11 MIHO, MCHO B MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO MIP All C IP App Homog MN operations layer 3 HO MIHO, MCHO, D IP App Homog MN delays NAHO PoA MIHO, MCHO E MAC App Homog MN selection , NAHO N/W MIHO, MCHO F All App Heterog MN selection , NAHO HO delays, Homog or MIHO, MCHO Mobile G IP IP routing Heterog & NAHO N/W & signaling

10 Papers Authors Muhammad Qasim Khan & Steinar Hidle Andresen Table 1: Published Papers Papers Target Decision Problem Handover (HO) HO initiation Single MN or layer layer addressed scope & control mobile N/W 802.11 MIHO, MCHO A MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO 802.11 MIHO, MCHO B MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO MIP All C IP App Homog MN operations layer 3 HO MIHO, MCHO, D IP App Homog MN delays NAHO PoA MIHO, MCHO E MAC App Homog MN selection , NAHO N/W MIHO, MCHO F All App Heterog MN selection , NAHO HO delays, Homog or MIHO, MCHO Mobile G IP IP routing Heterog & NAHO N/W & signaling

10 Papers Authors Muhammad Qasim Khan & Steinar Hidle Andresen Table 1: Published Papers Papers Target Decision Problem Handover (HO) HO initiation Single MN or layer layer addressed scope & control mobile N/W 802.11 MIHO, MCHO A MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO 802.11 MIHO, MCHO B MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO MIP All C IP App Homog MN operations layer 3 HO MIHO, MCHO, D IP App Homog MN delays NAHO PoA MIHO, MCHO E MAC App Homog MN selection , NAHO N/W MIHO, MCHO F All App Heterog MN selection , NAHO HO delays, Homog or MIHO, MCHO Mobile G IP IP routing Heterog & NAHO N/W & signaling

10 Papers Authors Muhammad Qasim Khan & Steinar Hidle Andresen Table 1: Published Papers Papers Target Decision Problem Handover (HO) HO initiation Single MN or layer layer addressed scope & control mobile N/W 802.11 MIHO, MCHO A MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO 802.11 MIHO, MCHO B MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO MIP All C IP App Homog MN operations layer 3 HO MIHO, MCHO, D IP App Homog MN delays NAHO PoA MIHO, MCHO E MAC App Homog MN selection , NAHO N/W MIHO, MCHO F All App Heterog MN selection , NAHO HO delays, Homog or MIHO, MCHO Mobile G IP IP routing Heterog & NAHO N/W & signaling

10 Papers Authors Muhammad Qasim Khan & Steinar Hidle Andresen Table 1: Published Papers Papers Target Decision Problem Handover (HO) HO initiation Single MN or layer layer addressed scope & control mobile N/W 802.11 MIHO, MCHO A MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO 802.11 MIHO, MCHO B MAC App Homog MN scanning , NAHO MIP All C IP App Homog MN operations layer 3 HO MIHO, MCHO, D IP App Homog MN delays NAHO PoA MIHO, MCHO E MAC App Homog MN selection , NAHO N/W MIHO, MCHO F All App Heterog MN selection , NAHO HO delays, Homog or MIHO, MCHO Mobile G IP IP routing Heterog & NAHO N/W & signaling

11 MAC Layer Handovers in 802.11 Paper A An Intelligent Scan Mechanism For 802.11 Networks by Using Media Independent Information Server (MIIS) Theme Improving handover latency by scanning only active 802.11 channels. Conference 25th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA) March 2011 Biopolis Singapore. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

11 MAC Layer Handovers in 802.11 Paper A An Intelligent Scan Mechanism For 802.11 Networks by Using Media Independent Information Server (MIIS) Theme Improving handover latency by scanning only active 802.11 channels. Conference 25th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA) March 2011 Biopolis Singapore. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

12 Paper-A Summary Requesting channel information form MIIS — 802.11 networks scanning delays constitutes more than 90% of the overall MAC layer handover delay. — Handover delays can be reduced by scanning only active channels. Figure 3: MIIS Query www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

12 Paper-A Summary Requesting channel information form MIIS — 802.11 networks scanning delays constitutes more than 90% of the overall MAC layer handover delay. — Handover delays can be reduced by scanning only active channels. Figure 3: MIIS Query www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

13 Paper-A Summary Simulation Four scanning strategies are — Area of 300 X 300 m. proposed. — Channel number 3, 5, 7, 9. 1 ScanALL : Like 802.11 standard scanning, — MN speed 5 m/s. scans both empty and active channels. 2 ScanAll-StopFirst: Scans all channels but stops on the first active channel for low handover latency. Intelligent-ScanAll: Scans only active 3 channels received from the MIIS. Intelligent-StopFirst. The MN stops 4 scanning at the first AP detected in the active channel list received from the MIIS. Figure 4: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

13 Paper-A Summary Simulation Four scanning strategies are — Area of 300 X 300 m. proposed. — Channel number 3, 5, 7, 9. 1 ScanALL : Like 802.11 standard scanning, — MN speed 5 m/s. scans both empty and active channels. 2 ScanAll-StopFirst: Scans all channels but stops on the first active channel for low handover latency. Intelligent-ScanAll: Scans only active 3 channels received from the MIIS. Intelligent-StopFirst. The MN stops 4 scanning at the first AP detected in the active channel list received from the MIIS. Figure 4: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

13 Paper-A Summary Simulation Four scanning strategies are — Area of 300 X 300 m. proposed. — Channel number 3, 5, 7, 9. 1 ScanALL : Like 802.11 standard scanning, — MN speed 5 m/s. scans both empty and active channels. 2 ScanAll-StopFirst: Scans all channels but stops on the first active channel for low handover latency. Intelligent-ScanAll: Scans only active 3 channels received from the MIIS. Intelligent-StopFirst. The MN stops 4 scanning at the first AP detected in the active channel list received from the MIIS. Figure 4: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

13 Paper-A Summary Simulation Four scanning strategies are — Area of 300 X 300 m. proposed. — Channel number 3, 5, 7, 9. 1 ScanALL : Like 802.11 standard scanning, — MN speed 5 m/s. scans both empty and active channels. 2 ScanAll-StopFirst: Scans all channels but stops on the first active channel for low handover latency. Intelligent-ScanAll: Scans only active 3 channels received from the MIIS. Intelligent-StopFirst. The MN stops 4 scanning at the first AP detected in the active channel list received from the MIIS. Figure 4: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

13 Paper-A Summary Simulation Four scanning strategies are — Area of 300 X 300 m. proposed. — Channel number 3, 5, 7, 9. 1 ScanALL : Like 802.11 standard scanning, — MN speed 5 m/s. scans both empty and active channels. 2 ScanAll-StopFirst: Scans all channels but stops on the first active channel for low handover latency. Intelligent-ScanAll: Scans only active 3 channels received from the MIIS. Intelligent-StopFirst. The MN stops 4 scanning at the first AP detected in the active channel list received from the MIIS. Figure 4: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

13 Paper-A Summary Simulation Four scanning strategies are — Area of 300 X 300 m. proposed. — Channel number 3, 5, 7, 9. 1 ScanALL : Like 802.11 standard scanning, — MN speed 5 m/s. scans both empty and active channels. 2 ScanAll-StopFirst: Scans all channels but stops on the first active channel for low handover latency. Intelligent-ScanAll: Scans only active 3 channels received from the MIIS. Intelligent-StopFirst. The MN stops 4 scanning at the first AP detected in the active channel list received from the MIIS. Figure 4: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

13 Paper-A Summary Simulation Four scanning strategies are — Area of 300 X 300 m. proposed. — Channel number 3, 5, 7, 9. 1 ScanALL : Like 802.11 standard scanning, — MN speed 5 m/s. scans both empty and active channels. 2 ScanAll-StopFirst: Scans all channels but stops on the first active channel for low handover latency. Intelligent-ScanAll: Scans only active 3 channels received from the MIIS. Intelligent-StopFirst. The MN stops 4 scanning at the first AP detected in the active channel list received from the MIIS. Figure 4: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

14 Paper-A Summary Table 2: Mac Layer Handover Delays for different Scanning Strategies HO Scanning Strategies delays (ms) ScanAll ScanAll Gain Intelligent Gain Intelligent Gain StopFirst ScanAll StopFirst 1 101,66 101,66 101,66 101,66 2 264,04 140,97 121,23 81,267 3 261,47 183,25 122,79 101,81 4 260,88 223,17 122,63 121,81 5 261,09 181,19 121,29 101,53 6 261,61 141,65 123,03 81,59 7 262,81 102,65 122,71 63,09 Avg 261,98 162,15 38% 122,28 53% 91,85 65% Figure 5: Handover Delays Graph www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

14 Paper-A Summary Table 2: Mac Layer Handover Delays for different Scanning Strategies HO Scanning Strategies delays (ms) ScanAll ScanAll Gain Intelligent Gain Intelligent Gain StopFirst ScanAll StopFirst 1 101,66 101,66 101,66 101,66 2 264,04 140,97 121,23 81,267 3 261,47 183,25 122,79 101,81 4 260,88 223,17 122,63 121,81 5 261,09 181,19 121,29 101,53 6 261,61 141,65 123,03 81,59 7 262,81 102,65 122,71 63,09 Avg 261,98 162,15 38% 122,28 53% 91,85 65% Figure 5: Handover Delays Graph www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

14 Paper-A Summary Table 2: Mac Layer Handover Delays for different Scanning Strategies HO Scanning Strategies delays (ms) ScanAll ScanAll Gain Intelligent Gain Intelligent Gain StopFirst ScanAll StopFirst 1 101,66 101,66 101,66 101,66 2 264,04 140,97 121,23 81,267 3 261,47 183,25 122,79 101,81 4 260,88 223,17 122,63 121,81 5 261,09 181,19 121,29 101,53 6 261,61 141,65 123,03 81,59 7 262,81 102,65 122,71 63,09 Avg 261,98 162,15 38% 122,28 53% 91,85 65% Figure 5: Handover Delays Graph www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

14 Paper-A Summary Table 2: Mac Layer Handover Delays for different Scanning Strategies HO Scanning Strategies delays (ms) ScanAll ScanAll Gain Intelligent Gain Intelligent Gain StopFirst ScanAll StopFirst 1 101,66 101,66 101,66 101,66 2 264,04 140,97 121,23 81,267 3 261,47 183,25 122,79 101,81 4 260,88 223,17 122,63 121,81 5 261,09 181,19 121,29 101,53 6 261,61 141,65 123,03 81,59 7 262,81 102,65 122,71 63,09 Avg 261,98 162,15 38% 122,28 53% 91,85 65% Figure 5: Handover Delays Graph www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

14 Paper-A Summary Table 2: Mac Layer Handover Delays for different Scanning Strategies HO Scanning Strategies delays (ms) ScanAll ScanAll Gain Intelligent Gain Intelligent Gain StopFirst ScanAll StopFirst 1 101,66 101,66 101,66 101,66 2 264,04 140,97 121,23 81,267 3 261,47 183,25 122,79 101,81 4 260,88 223,17 122,63 121,81 5 261,09 181,19 121,29 101,53 6 261,61 141,65 123,03 81,59 7 262,81 102,65 122,71 63,09 Avg 261,98 162,15 38% 122,28 53% 91,85 65% Figure 5: Handover Delays Graph www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

15 MAC Layer Handovers in 802.11 Paper B Zero Scanning Time for 802.11 Networks by Using Media Independent Information Server (MIIS) Theme Improving handover latency in 802.11 by skipping scanning stage or scan one channel. Conference 26th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) March 2012 Fukouka Japan. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

15 MAC Layer Handovers in 802.11 Paper B Zero Scanning Time for 802.11 Networks by Using Media Independent Information Server (MIIS) Theme Improving handover latency in 802.11 by skipping scanning stage or scan one channel. Conference 26th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) March 2012 Fukouka Japan. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

16 Paper-B Summary — Paper-A is extended to achieve zero scanning time. — The MIIS is extended to locate the MN on a virtual map by using GPS coordinates of MN’s and BS’s. — The MIIS returns the channel configuration information of the target AP to the MN. Two intelligent scanning strategies are defined Intelligent-ScanOne. The MN scans only one channel received from the MIIS. 1 2 Intelligent-ScanNone. No scanning is performed and the MN goes directly into the association phase. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

16 Paper-B Summary — Paper-A is extended to achieve zero scanning time. — The MIIS is extended to locate the MN on a virtual map by using GPS coordinates of MN’s and BS’s. — The MIIS returns the channel configuration information of the target AP to the MN. Two intelligent scanning strategies are defined Intelligent-ScanOne. The MN scans only one channel received from the MIIS. 1 2 Intelligent-ScanNone. No scanning is performed and the MN goes directly into the association phase. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

16 Paper-B Summary — Paper-A is extended to achieve zero scanning time. — The MIIS is extended to locate the MN on a virtual map by using GPS coordinates of MN’s and BS’s. — The MIIS returns the channel configuration information of the target AP to the MN. Two intelligent scanning strategies are defined Intelligent-ScanOne. The MN scans only one channel received from the MIIS. 1 2 Intelligent-ScanNone. No scanning is performed and the MN goes directly into the association phase. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

16 Paper-B Summary — Paper-A is extended to achieve zero scanning time. — The MIIS is extended to locate the MN on a virtual map by using GPS coordinates of MN’s and BS’s. — The MIIS returns the channel configuration information of the target AP to the MN. Two intelligent scanning strategies are defined Intelligent-ScanOne. The MN scans only one channel received from the MIIS. 1 2 Intelligent-ScanNone. No scanning is performed and the MN goes directly into the association phase. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

16 Paper-B Summary — Paper-A is extended to achieve zero scanning time. — The MIIS is extended to locate the MN on a virtual map by using GPS coordinates of MN’s and BS’s. — The MIIS returns the channel configuration information of the target AP to the MN. Two intelligent scanning strategies are defined Intelligent-ScanOne. The MN scans only one channel received from the MIIS. 1 2 Intelligent-ScanNone. No scanning is performed and the MN goes directly into the association phase. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

17 Paper-B Summary Simulation — Parameters similar to Paper-A — CBR traffic with intensity 0.01 sec and 1500 bytes packet size. Figure 6: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

17 Paper-B Summary Simulation — Parameters similar to Paper-A — CBR traffic with intensity 0.01 sec and 1500 bytes packet size. Figure 6: Simulation Scenario www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

18 Paper-B Summary Table 3: Mac Layer Handover Delays (ms) for different Scanning Strategies HandOvers Scan-All Intelligent Improvement Intelligent Improvement ScanOne ScanNone 1 101.66 101.66 NA 101.66 NA 2 301.77 21.35 93% 1.6068 99% 3 301.45 21.35 93% 1.3468 99% 4 301.33 21.83 93% 1.6068 99% 6 301.59 21.63 93% 0.8668 99% 7 301.03 21.19 93% 1.7668 99% Average 301.47 21.50 93% 1.46 99% Figure 7: Handover Delays Graph

18 Paper-B Summary Table 3: Mac Layer Handover Delays (ms) for different Scanning Strategies HandOvers Scan-All Intelligent Improvement Intelligent Improvement ScanOne ScanNone 1 101.66 101.66 NA 101.66 NA 2 301.77 21.35 93% 1.6068 99% 3 301.45 21.35 93% 1.3468 99% 4 301.33 21.83 93% 1.6068 99% 6 301.59 21.63 93% 0.8668 99% 7 301.03 21.19 93% 1.7668 99% Average 301.47 21.50 93% 1.46 99% Figure 7: Handover Delays Graph

18 Paper-B Summary Table 3: Mac Layer Handover Delays (ms) for different Scanning Strategies HandOvers Scan-All Intelligent Improvement Intelligent Improvement ScanOne ScanNone 1 101.66 101.66 NA 101.66 NA 2 301.77 21.35 93% 1.6068 99% 3 301.45 21.35 93% 1.3468 99% 4 301.33 21.83 93% 1.6068 99% 6 301.59 21.63 93% 0.8668 99% 7 301.03 21.19 93% 1.7668 99% Average 301.47 21.50 93% 1.46 99% Figure 7: Handover Delays Graph

18 Paper-B Summary Table 3: Mac Layer Handover Delays (ms) for different Scanning Strategies HandOvers Scan-All Intelligent Improvement Intelligent Improvement ScanOne ScanNone 1 101.66 101.66 NA 101.66 NA 2 301.77 21.35 93% 1.6068 99% 3 301.45 21.35 93% 1.3468 99% 4 301.33 21.83 93% 1.6068 99% 6 301.59 21.63 93% 0.8668 99% 7 301.03 21.19 93% 1.7668 99% Average 301.47 21.50 93% 1.46 99% Figure 7: Handover Delays Graph

19 Paper-B Summary Packet Loss Figure 8: Packet Loss www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

20 IP Layer Handovers Paper C Application of Media Independent Handover (MIH) for Intra Technology Handover. Theme Layer-3 horizontal handover support using MIH. Conference Mosharaka International Conference on Communications, Networking and Information Technology Dec 2009 Amman Jordan. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

20 IP Layer Handovers Paper C Application of Media Independent Handover (MIH) for Intra Technology Handover. Theme Layer-3 horizontal handover support using MIH. Conference Mosharaka International Conference on Communications, Networking and Information Technology Dec 2009 Amman Jordan. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

21 Paper-C Summary — Propose MIH framework for optimizing horizontal handovers. — Time consuming discovery procedures are carried out pro-actively. — Pre-configuration and pre-authentication can be achieved with the MIH framework. — Link_Going_Down and Link_Up along with MIH function ID can be used for movement detection and can replace IP layer network discovery. — MIPv6 can use Link_Going_Down, to redirect packets in parallel with other handover control messages for low handover latency. — Upper layers can use Link_Handover_Complete event to check if the IP configuration of the MN needs to be updated. — MIH commands can be used to reserve resources and carry out security procedures at target network. — PoA specific information stored in MIIS can be used for horizontal proactive handovers. — Information about the surrounding subnets can be obtained from the MIIS to replace time consuming discovery operations. — MIIS primitives might be even more beneficial for Proxy MIP . www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

22 IP Layer Handovers Paper D The Implications of Zero Scanning Time on MIPv6 Handover Delays by Using Media Independent Information Server (MIIS) Theme IP layer handovers using intelligent scanning of paper B. Conference 17th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC) Kota Kinabalu October 2011 Malaysia. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

22 IP Layer Handovers Paper D The Implications of Zero Scanning Time on MIPv6 Handover Delays by Using Media Independent Information Server (MIIS) Theme IP layer handovers using intelligent scanning of paper B. Conference 17th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC) Kota Kinabalu October 2011 Malaysia. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

23 Paper-D Summary — MIPv6 handover delays are analyzed using UDP and TCP traffic in terms of 1 Handover delay 2 Packet loss 3 Throughput — Performance evaluation is carried out at the IP layer. — No Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is performed. — Two important observation. More variance in MIPv6 handover delays due to remote interaction with the CN. 1 Different handover delays with TCP and UDP 2 — Simulation scenario and parameters similar to Paper-B. — Each handover delay observation is an average of four values. www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

24 Paper-D Summary Table 4: Layer Three Handover Delays (ms) for different Scanning Strategies Handovers Scan-All Intel-ScanOne Intel-ScanNone L2 L3 Total L2 L3 Total Gain L2 L3 Total Gain 1 102.02 12.21 114,23 102.02 12.21 114,23 NA 102.02 12.21 114,23 NA 2 261.36 37.62 298,98 21.27 15.62 36,89 88% 1.77 40.54 42,31 86% 3 261.31 29.91 291,30 21.41 52.10 73,51 75% 1.63 26.30 27,93 90% 4 261.20 29.60 290,80 21.40 15.20 36,6 87% 1.66 35.77 37,43 87% 5 261.40 43.96 305,36 21.50 39.50 61 80% 1.70 34.40 36,10 88% 6 261.40 34.02 295,42 21.47 48.88 70,30 76% 1.50 21.98 23,48 92% 7 261.52 39.85 301,37 21.35 12.84 34,19 89% 1.59 31.75 33,34 89% Average 297,2 52,08 82% 33,43 89% Figure 9: Handover Delays www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities

24 Paper-D Summary Table 4: Layer Three Handover Delays (ms) for different Scanning Strategies Handovers Scan-All Intel-ScanOne Intel-ScanNone L2 L3 Total L2 L3 Total Gain L2 L3 Total Gain 1 102.02 12.21 114,23 102.02 12.21 114,23 NA 102.02 12.21 114,23 NA 2 261.36 37.62 298,98 21.27 15.62 36,89 88% 1.77 40.54 42,31 86% 3 261.31 29.91 291,30 21.41 52.10 73,51 75% 1.63 26.30 27,93 90% 4 261.20 29.60 290,80 21.40 15.20 36,6 87% 1.66 35.77 37,43 87% 5 261.40 43.96 305,36 21.50 39.50 61 80% 1.70 34.40 36,10 88% 6 261.40 34.02 295,42 21.47 48.88 70,30 76% 1.50 21.98 23,48 92% 7 261.52 39.85 301,37 21.35 12.84 34,19 89% 1.59 31.75 33,34 89% Average 297,2 52,08 82% 33,43 89% Figure 9: Handover Delays www.ntnu.no Muhammad Qasim Khan, Optimizing Handovers in Wireless Networks Utilizing Extended MIIS Facilities