SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Munitions Response: Land Based Program Closeout November 12, 2015 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Munitions Response: Land Based Program Closeout November 12, 2015 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series Munitions Response: Land Based Program Closeout November 12, 2015 SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22) SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series Welcome and Introductions Rula Deeb, Ph.D. Webinar Coordinator SERDP
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series
Welcome and Introductions
Rula Deeb, Ph.D. Webinar Coordinator
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Agenda
- Webinar Logistics
- Dr. Rula A. Deeb, Geosyntec Consultants
(5 minutes)
- Overview of SERDP and ESTCP
- Dr. Herb Nelson, SERDP and ESTCP
(5 minutes)
- Advanced Geophysical Classification Lessons Learned at
Former Camp San Luis Obispo, California
- Mr. David Wright, CH2M
(22 minutes + Q&A)
- Risk Reduction Utilizing Advanced Geophysical Classification
at Fort Ord, California
- Mr. John Jackson, USACE Sacramento
(22 minutes + Q&A)
- Perspectives on Advanced Geophysical Classification for
Munitions Response
- Mr. Doug Maddox, EPA
(12 minutes)
- Final Q&A Session
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How to Ask Questions
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Type and send questions at any time using the Q&A panel
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
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SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series
SERDP and ESTCP Overview
Herb Nelson, Ph.D. Munitions Response Program Manager
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP
- Strategic Environmental Research and
Development Program
- Established by Congress in FY 1991
- DoD, DOE and EPA partnership
- SERDP is a requirements driven program which
identifies high-priority environmental science and technology investment opportunities that address DoD requirements
- Advanced technology development to address near
term needs
- Fundamental research to impact real world
environmental management
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ESTCP
- Environmental Security Technology
Certification Program
- Demonstrate innovative cost-effective
environmental and energy technologies
- Capitalize on past investments
- Transition technology out of the lab
- Promote implementation
- Facilitate regulatory acceptance
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Program Areas
- 1. Energy and Water
- 2. Environmental Restoration
- 3. Munitions Response
- 4. Resource Conservation and
Climate Change
- 5. Weapons Systems and
Platforms
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Munition Response
- Munitions on land
- Classification
- Munitions underwater
- Wide area and detailed
surveys
- Cost-effective recovery
and disposal
- Characteristics of
munitions underwater, their environment and mobility
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SERDP and ESTCP Webinar Series
DATE Topics December 3, 2015 Emerging Contaminants: DoD Overview and State of Knowledge
- n Fluorochemicals and 1,4-
Dioxane December 17, 2015 Watershed and Stormwater Management
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SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series http://serdp-estcp.org/Tools-and- Training/Webinar-Series
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series
Advanced Geophysical Classification Lessons Learned at Former Camp San Luis Obispo, California
David Wright CH2M
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Agenda
- Results and lessons learned
from the geophysical classification treatability study at the former Camp San Luis Obispo (CSLO)
- Background
- Detection approach/results
- Classification approach/results
- Lessons learned
○ QC challenges successes
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Mob/DeMob Surface Sweep IVS & Seeds Detection Survey Cued Survey Dig UXO & Seeds Dig Clutter Current Practice 80% Reduction
- f Clutter
49% Savings
Advanced Geophysical Classification
- Buried metal objects are
classified as hazardous (dig) or non-hazardous (no dig)
- Based upon intrinsic target features
derived using physics-based analyses of purpose-built geophysical sensors
- Significant potential for savings
(time and money) for munitions response site remediation
- Depends upon site-specific
considerations
○ Ratio of TOI vs non-TOI ○ Types of TOI ○ Cost per dig
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Time (ms) 0.1 1 10 Polarizability (m3/A) 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Time (ms) 0.1 1 10 Polarizability (m3/A) 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Advanced Geophysical Classification
- New paradigm (leaving metal in the ground)
requires the following
- Careful, detailed, scientifically sound planning
○ What are the project objectives? ○ How do we plan to achieve them?
- Formalized quality management and reporting
○ What measurement quality objectives are required to achieve the project objectives? ○ Were they achieved?
- Transparent processes
- Stakeholder involvement
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Project Description
Treatability Study
- The overall objective of the treatability study is to evaluate the Advanced
Geophysical Classification process as an effective and efficient treatability
- ption for potential future removal actions at the former CSLO
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- 7 acres
- Hill-side
- Grassland
- Variable anomaly density
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Project Planning
- Extensive and inclusive planning process
- USACE Project Team (John Jackson, Andy Schwartz,
Lloyd Godard, B. J. Allen, and others)
- ESTCP (Herb Nelson, Anne Andrews)
- DTSC (Ed Walker, Roman Racca, Jim Pastorick)
- AcornSI (Tom Furuya, Dean Keiswetter)
- CH2M (George DeMetropolis, Tamir Klaff, David Wright)
- EDQW Advanced Geophysical Classification Subgroup
(Jordan Adelson, Ed Corl, Carla Garbarini)
- Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) format
used was forerunner to Geophysical Classification for Munitions Response (GCMR) QAPP template
- Project objectives
- Measurement quality objectives
- Responses to QC failures
- Reporting requirements
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Treatability Study Detection Objective
- Detection Objective: equivalent of 37-mm projectile at
30 cm (1.7 mV/A)
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Detection Survey
- Amplitude Response Detection
Threshold 1.5 mV: >18,000 anomalies
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Detection Survey
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- High target density regions
- Classification is not
appropriate for very high anomaly density (saturated response) regions
- High density region
identified and excluded from Treatability Study
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‘Amplitude Response’ Target Selection
- Uses only Z component, monostatic data
(analogous to EM61)
- Selects all anomalous responses > detection
threshold
- Many small, shallow targets selected to capture
deeper targets of interest
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Advanced Detection
- Advanced Detection uses all 12 measurements
for each transmit event (Amplitude Response uses only 1 of 12)
- Coherent signal from all 12 measurements
provides better depth of detection (better signal to noise due to more data)
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‘Advanced Detection’ Target Selection
- Step 1: Initial Dipole Fit
Coherence detection
- For every 0.1 x 0.1 m grid
node use the surrounding data (1 x 1 m) to fit to a dipole
- Map the fit coherence as the
initial detection metric and find ‘dipole detection areas’
- Step 2: 1, 2 and 3 source
dipole fit routines to identify all potential sources (‘+’ symbols) and their features (size, wall thickness) within ‘dipole detection area’
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‘Advanced Detection’ Target Selection
Step 4: Merge collocated sources to get final ‘Advanced Detection’ targets (‘O’ symbols)
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Step 3: Remove sources too small or thin-walled to be possible TOIs
Step 3: Filter out sources based upon Size and Decay (robust features)
10-2 10-1 10 0 10 1 10 1 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3
β amplitude Time (ms)
Size = (β12 + β22 + β32)1/2 Decay = ‘late’ size ÷ ‘early’ size
37 mm projectile
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‘Advanced Detection’ Advantages
- Rejects obvious ‘clutter’
- Deeper depth of investigation
- Separates and selects sources
with overlapping signatures
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5 cm 30 cm
Amplitude Response Selections QC Seed (0.4 m MQO) Missed seed = RCA/CA = many more targets manually selected to cover anomaly ‘lobes’
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
‘Advanced Detection’ Advantages
- Rejects obvious ‘clutter’
- Deeper depth of investigation
- Separates and selects sources
with overlapping signatures
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5 cm 30 cm
Advanced Detection selections QC Seed (0.4 m MQO)
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Classification Phase
- >16,000 Amplitude
Response targets
- 6,413 Advanced Detection
targets selected for cued investigations
- 2 TEMTADS 2x2 units used
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Classification Results
- 575 excavations (plus
training digs)
- 169 TOI recovered
- Native TOI
- 1 UXO (37-mm HE)
- 3 MD with retained shape:
(2 x 81-mm bodies, 1 degraded 37-mm)
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Partial ROC curve for SLO
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Classification Cost Savings Projection
Estimated 73% reduction in costs for field activities
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Advanced Geophysical Classification Conventional (EM61-MK2) Comments Dynamic Survey (mapping) $120,000 $35,000 Assumes $5,000/acre for EM61 surveys Cued Survey $440,000 Not Applicable Intrusive $300,000 $3,200,000 Assumes 16,000* anomalies (amplitude response) requiring intrusive investigation and a $200 per anomaly investigation cost TOTAL $860,000 $3,235,000
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Lessons Learned
- Effective and transparent internal quality
control is critical to success
- Catches issues in a timely manner
- Generates stakeholder and client confidence in
the results
- Provides a basis for lessons learned to
advance the state of the art and avoid repetition of the same mistakes
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QC Challenges Successes
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QC Seed not identified as a TOI (caught with internal QC processes)
- Detection (merged target O)
was within 0.4 m MQO of seed location
- Array was within 0.2 m MQO
- f detection location
- Merge using 0.4 m put target
location too far from source
- Re-merged sources using 0.2
m (O’s)
- Recollected data over any
remerged targets not within 0.4 m of center of array
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Corrective Action (CA)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
QC Challenges Successes
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QA Seed not recovered during intrusive investigation
- Caught by internal QC check of dig results vs. classification prediction
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Corrective Action (CA) Imprecision in placement of reacquisition flag put the seed
- utside of the 0.4 m dig radius
Review of recorded flag locations and re-investigation of locations where flag location was greater than 0.15 m from fit location
≠ =
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QC Challenges Successes
36 Predicted QA Seed positions relative to ground truth do not meet project MQO
Corrective Action (CA) No immediate CA indicated, but needs to be captured in ‘Lessons Learned’ Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Fit position vs QC seed ground truth and QA seed recovered positions suggests the problem is with the QA seed ground truth collected during emplacement
MQO 0.25 m
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Lessons Learned
- Positioning precision requirements are
much more stringent for all phases
- QC/QA seeding*
- Dynamic data collection
- Target reacquisition for cued
investigations
- Cued investigations
- Target reacquisition for intrusive
investigations*
* These tasks are often done by personnel not involved in classification – must be retrained
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Lessons Learned
- QC documentation requires an extensive effort
- For every ‘target’ left in the ground we must document all MQO’s
were met
○ Measurement verification (10 MQO’s) ○ Periodic tests - verify system against independent standards before/after data collection (6 MQO’s) ○ Project level verification/validation (4 MQO’s) 38
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Lessons Learned
- Intrusive investigation
might require a separate mob/de-mob for ‘Analyst Calibration’ digs
- Analyst Calibration digs
(training digs) are used to finalize the site specific library as well as calibrate the final dig/no-dig threshold
- The dig program can move through the ‘high
confidence’ TOI digs before the analysis determining the final prioritized list is finished
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Lessons Learned
- Early and detailed involvement of all
interested parties is a blueprint for success
- Early involvement provides a comfort level with
the technology and processes
- QC issues are inevitable
○Communication and transparency of process are critical for buy-in of interested parties
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Conclusions
- Advanced geophysical classification has
potential for significant savings
- New paradigm (leaving metal in the
ground) requires the following:
- Careful, detailed, scientifically sound planning
- Formalized quality management and reporting
- Transparent processes
- Stakeholder involvement
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Acknowledgments
- USACE Project Team (John
Jackson, Andy Schwartz, Lloyd Godard, B. J. Allen, and others)
- ESTCP (Herb Nelson, Anne
Andrews)
- DTSC (Ed Walker, Roman
Racca, Jim Pastorick)
- AcornSI (Tom Furuya, Dean
Keiswetter)
- EDQW Advanced Geophysical
Classification Subgroup (Jordan Adelson, Ed Corl, Carla Garbarini)
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SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series For additional information, please visit https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Tools-and- Training/Munitions-Response Speaker Contact Information
David.Wright@ch2m.com; 919-520-8673
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series
Q&A Session 1
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series Risk Reduction Utilizing Advanced Geophysical Classification at Fort Ord, CA
John Jackson Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Agenda
- Basis of need
- ESTCP demonstration summary
- Risk reduction summary
- Conclusions
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Site Background
- Two purposes for prescribed burns at Fort Ord
- Periodic burning to maintain natural habitat
- Vegetation clearance to support MEC removal actions
- Prescribed burns originally planned for Units 11 and 12
in 2011
- Canceled due to the discovery of large MEC items on the
ground surface
- Subsequent activities conducted in Units 11 and 12
- Vegetation cutting
- Surface MEC removal
- Digital geophysical mapping
- Prescribed burns rescheduled for Fall of 2015
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ESTCP Demonstration Results
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ESTCP Demonstration
- Primary objectives
- Demonstrate whether large munitions such as 155-mm
and 8-in projectiles at depths to 2 feet can be confidently classified within a challenging high metallic anomaly density background
- Demonstrate whether large munitions at depths to 4
feet can be confidently classified within a challenging high metallic anomaly density background
- Secondary objectives
- Demonstrate if smaller munitions such as 40-mm
projectiles can be confidently classified within the range of high background conditions
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ESTCP Grid Locations
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Channel 25 (9.2 ms)
30 40 50 60 70 80
Channel 13 (0.63 ms) Channel 16 (1.23 ms) 400 ft 400 ft 51
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1
T0-C4-M1
2
T0-C12-M1
3
T0-C20-M1
4
T0-C28-M1
5
T0-C36-M1
6
T0-C44-M1
7
T0-C52-M1
8
T0-C60-M1
9
T0-C68-M1
10
T0-C76-M1
11
T0-C84-M1
12
T0-C92-M1
13
T0-C100-M1
14
T0-C108-M1
15
T0-C116-M1
16
T0-C124-M1
17
T0-C132-M1
18
T0-C140-M1
19
T0-C148-M1
20
T0-C156-M1
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T0-C164-M1
22
T0-C172-M1
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T0-C180-M1
24
T0-C188-M1
25
T0-C196-M1
26
T0-C204-M1
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T0-C212-M1
28
T0-C220-M1
29
T0-C228-M1
0.0005 0.001 0.005 0.01 10
- 4
10
- 2
10 10
2
Polarizabilities for 29 models
L1 L2 L3 Median
All cued IVS measurements IVS 4 = Large ISO at 75 cm
Cued IVS Example #1
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Cued IVS Example #2
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1
T0-C7-M1
2
T0-C15-M1
3
T0-C23-M1
4
T0-C31-M1 29 pols
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T0-C39-M1
6
T0-C47-M1
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T0-C55-M1
8
T0-C63-M1
9
T0-C71-M1
10
T0-C79-M1
11
T0-C87-M1
12
T0-C95-M1
13
T0-C103-M1
14
T0-C111-M1
15
T0-C119-M1
16
T0-C127-M1
17
T0-C135-M1
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T0-C143-M1
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T0-C151-M1
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T0-C159-M1
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T0-C167-M1
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T0-C175-M1
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T0-C183-M1
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T0-C191-M1
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T0-C199-M1
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T0-C207-M1
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T0-C215-M1
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T0-C223-M1
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T0-C231-M1
0.0005 0.001 0.005 0.01 10
- 4
10
- 2
10 10
2
10
4
Polarizabilities for 29 models
L1 L2 L3 Median
All cued IVS measurements IVS 7 = Large ISO at 100 cm
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Cued IVS Example #3
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1
T0-C8-M1
2
T0-C16-M1
3
T0-C24-M1
4
T0-C32-M1
5
T0-C40-M1
6
T0-C48-M1
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T0-C56-M1
8
T0-C64-M1
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T0-C72-M1
10
T0-C80-M1
11
T0-C88-M1
12
T0-C96-M1
13
T0-C104-M1
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T0-C112-M1
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T0-C120-M1
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T0-C128-M1
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T0-C136-M1
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T0-C144-M1
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T0-C152-M1
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T0-C160-M1
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T0-C168-M1
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T0-C176-M1
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T0-C184-M1
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T0-C192-M1
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T0-C200-M1
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T0-C208-M1
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T0-C216-M1
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T0-C224-M1
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T0-C232-M1
0.0005 0.001 0.005 0.01 10
- 4
10
- 2
10 10
2
10
4
Polarizabilities for 29 models
L1 L2 L3 Median
All cued IVS measurements IVS 8 = Large ISO at 125 cm
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Initial ROC Curve (Primary)
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Final(ish) ROC Curve (Primary)
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Initial ROC Curve (Secondary)
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Results and Conclusions
- 2,804 unique cued locations
- 35 total TOI 1 (100%)
- 361 total TOI 2 (350/361 = 97%)
- Achieving primary objective (large TOI to 2 ft) =
EASY!
- Achieving secondary objective 1 (large TOI to 4 ft)
= DIFFICULT but DOABLE!
- Achieving secondary objective 2 (all TOI to depth
- f detection)= CLOSE, but NOT POSSIBLE!
- Moving forward, need to address depth vs. signal
strength vs. anomaly density issues
- Removal action vs. risk reduction
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Risk Reduction Activities
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Risk Reduction Tasks
- Outer Zone
- Removal of TOI to 2-ft depth
○Reduces the horizontal hazard distance for firefighters and prescribed burn personnel on the fuel break roads during burn operations
- Inner Zone
- Removal of TOI to 1-ft depth
○Reduces the vertical hazard distance for safe
- verhead helicopter flight during burn operations
Outer Zone
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MetalMapper Investigation Anomalies
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Zone Response Value Threshold (mV) Anomalies Unit 11 - Outer 446 2,695 Unit 11 - Inner 114 192 Unit 12 - Outer 446 1,717 Unit 12 - Inner 114 21 TOTAL 4,625
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QC&QA Seed Item Locations
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Library Validation
- Initial library was used,
validation performed to determine if additional entries can be added to the library
- Cluster analysis performed
- Selected 22 calibration digs
- 6 for TOI threshold verification
- 13 from unknown clusters
- 2 for Parameter Space (size-
decay) verification
- Updated initial library with
excavation results
- 3 -155 mms for ranked dig list
- 18 other munitions (non-TOI)
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Key Thresholds for Classification
- Validation digs were performed on each
- f the key thresholds that were used
- Library match statistic
- Category 1 High Confidence TOI
- Category 2 Cannot Decide
- Category 2 Cannot Decide, Low Signal
- Category 3 Non-TOI below library match
statistic threshold or outside limits on decay, size and signal amplitude
- Cannot Analyze
- Inversion failed or cannot extract reliable
betas
- Poor Fit Coherence
- Unreasonable depth
- High Chi2
- Modeled depth limit was set at 2 m
below the sensor, well below the depth
- f clearance
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Final Classification
- Performed after completion of data
collection and refined as intrusive results were received
- Combines all preliminary lists
- Final library validation
- Cluster and select additional
calibration digs
- Review of dig results as they come
in
- Mod based on 21187 QA seed to add
Chi2 threshold RCA-MM001
- Mod based on 13147 to included
good library matches far from the cued and flag location – outside of the standard 40 cm offset
- Review of QC and QA seeds
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Recovered TOI
- 302 TOI were
recovered from the 589 Calibration, Category 0, 1, and 2
- 35 QC seed items
(large ISOs)
- 24 QA seed items
(large ISOs and 155- mm projectiles)
- 2 8-in projectiles
○ MEC/MPPEH: 2 ○ MD: 0
- 241 155-mm projectiles
○ MEC/MPPEH: 17 ○ MD: 224
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Recovered Non-TOI Munitions
- In addition to recovered TOI, 407 non-TOI munitions items
were recovered from the targets identified for intrusive investigation
- 7 105-mm projectiles
○ MEC/MPPEH: 4
- 24 4.2-in mortar projectiles
○ MEC/MPPEH: 1
- 36 40-mm projectiles
○ MEC/MPPEH:
- 154 75-mm projectiles
○ MEC/MPPEH: 14
- 148 81-mm mortar projectiles
○ MEC/MPPEH: 133
- 1 66-mm rocket
○ MEC/MPPEH:
- 67 unspecified MD components
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Results
- >550,000 EM61 anomalies
- 4,625 anomalies investigated with MetalMapper
- 688 anomalies identified for intrusive investigation and
subsurface removal
- 22 analyst calibration digs
- 567 ranked classification digs
- 99 verification/validation digs
- The 567 ranked classification digs were classified in the
following categories:
- Category 0 (cannot analyze):
38
- Category 1 (high-confidence TOI): 306
- Category 2 (cannot decide):
223
- 4,036 anomalies classified as Category 3 targets (high-
confidence clutter)
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ROC Curve
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The Team(s)
- ESTCP
- CB&I
- Black Tusk Geophysics
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
- KEMRON
- Gilbane, Inc.
- NAEVA Geophysics
- AcornSI
- Fort Ord BRAC Office
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SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series For additional information, please visit
https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Munitions- Response/Land/Live-Site-Demonstrations/MR-201420 https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Munitions- Response/Land/Live-Site-Demonstrations/MR-201421
Speaker Contact Information
John.M.Jackson@usace.army.mil; 916-557-6614
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series
Q&A Session 2
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SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series Perspectives on Advanced Geophysical Classification for Munitions Response
Doug Maddox EPA
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Regulator Involvement
- ESTCP Classification Advisory Group
- Pilot sites
- ITRC Team: Geophysical Classification for
Munitions Response
- TechReg document (August 2015)
http://www.itrcweb.org/gcmr-2/
- Fact sheets
- Training
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- Applicability to a site
- Contractor qualifications/ability
- QA/QC
- Implementation
Areas of Concern
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- Understand technology limitations (terrain,
geology, etc.)
- Adequate characterization
- Conceptual Site Model (CSM)
- Treatability study?
Site Applicability
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Accreditation
- DAGCAP – DoD Advanced Geophysical
Classification Accreditation Program
- Modeled after DoD Environmental Laboratory
Accreditation Program (ELAP)
- Accrediting organization, not individual
- Third party Accreditation Bodies (ABs) conduct
assessments
- Enhances confidence in results by regulators
and stakeholders
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SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Quality
- Effective QA/QC critical for stakeholder
acceptance
- Clear and specific DQO are necessary
- UFP QAPP
- UFP QAPP for geophysical classification
- UFP QAPP for munitions response
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SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
Implementation
- Need clear, concise, and factually correct
decision documents
- Need clear remedial action objectives
- LUC/ICs may still be required
- Start with the end in mind
- Effective planning and communication are key
to success
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SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series For additional information, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/fedfac/military- munitionsunexploded-ordnance Speaker Contact Information
maddox.doug@epa.gov; 202-821-8794
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series
Q&A Session 3
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series
The next webinar is on December 3, 2015
“Emerging Contaminants: DoD Overview and State of Knowledge on Fluorochemicals and 1,4-Dioxane”
SERDP & ESTCP Webinar Series (#22)