INTRODUCTION TO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY (EPID0754) Prof. Dr. Dr. K. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

INTRODUCTION TO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY (EPID0754) Prof. Dr. Dr. K. Van Steen

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace CHAPTER 1: SETTING THE PACE 1 Course Responsible Contact details 2 Administrative Issues Course details and examination methods 3 Exploring the Scene Expectations 4 Background Information: Medical Genomics Recent evolutions in medical genomics 5 Workshop Papers K Van Steen 2

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace 1 Course Responsible K Van Steen 3

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Contact details via www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~kvansteen Questions or remarks via e-mail kristel.vansteen@ulg.ac.be AND <kridsadakorn.cha@gmail.com> Use “genetic epi demiology ” in subject title when sending a mail to ask questions or to make a face-to-face appointment for a meeting K Van Steen 4

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace 2 Administrative Issues Learning outcomes  Basic knowledge about themes in genetic epidemiology  Basic knowledge about concepts that are relevant in genetic epidemiology as seen in class  Awareness about pros and cons of study designs and analytic techniques related to subtopics within genetic epidemiology, with an emphasis to - Aggregation - Segregation - Association  “List of thematic questions”: when appropriately addressed, the learning outcomes are met … K Van Steen 5

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Public health (PH)  Work load - 20T: concepts - 20Pr: presentations - 4 credits ~120 hours  Homeworks: - papers around topics or themes are presented and discussed in class - two presentation rounds (presentation and report are marked) - exam is oral: organized around “list of thematic questions” K Van Steen 6

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Course website K Van Steen 7

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Course website K Van Steen 8

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Course organization HW1 HW2 Particip. Oral Exam Total in (*) discussions Max 30 30 20 20 100 (presentation + (presentation + (no final slides/ report) slides/report) report) (*) “themes” (see course website); 2-4 questions / themes (negotiable) K Van Steen 9

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Course topics CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS 1 Basics of molecular genetics 2 Overview of human genetics CHAPTER 3: DIFFERENT FACES OF GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY 1 Basic epidemiology 2 Relevant questions in genetic epidemiology K Van Steen 10

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace CHAPTER 4: FROM POPULATION GENETICS TO MAPPING GENES 1 Aggregation 2 Segregation 3 Selection 4 HWE K Van Steen 11

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace CHAPTER 5: GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES 1 LD as the basic underlying concept 2 Components of a genome-wide association analysis - Quality control - Tests of association - Population stratification - Multiple testing - Validation and replication 3 How to read a genome-wide association study? 4 Meta-analysis: more data is better? K Van Steen 12

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace CHAPTER 6: INCORPORATING EXTRA LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY – the environment 1 The role of the environment in different streams of genetic epidemiology 2 The role of the environment to define strata 3 The role of the environment as an effect modifier 4 Epigenetics K Van Steen 13

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace CHAPTER 7: INCORPORATING EXTRA LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY – systems biology 1 Beyond main effects: GxE interactions 2 Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction techniques 3 Functional follow-up analyses 4 Integrated analyses K Van Steen 14

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Course material / References  Check out course website for slides and assignments  These slides are comprehensive enough for the subset of material that will be covered in class  For those who are interested, key references are included on the course website and below K Van Steen 15

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace IGES (http://www.geneticepi.org/) K Van Steen 16

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace 3 Exploring the Scene Round-Table Discussion Q1: What is your background? What is your thesis about? What do you want to achieve in your professional life? Q2: Have you analyzed data before? How? Which tools have you used? What was the most difficult part? Data manipulation? Interpretation? Implementation? Q3: What is epidemiology? Q4: What do you think genetic epidemiology includes? Personalized medicine? Genetic testing? Q5: What are your expectations of this course? What would you really like to do / achieve in this course? K Van Steen 17

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace 4 Our context: Medical Genomics Bridges the gap between bioinformatics and medical informatics What is covered by “medical genomics”? The Mayo staff have authored several articles that will be useful for anyone developing a thorough understanding of medical genomics. These articles have been published as a series in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings journal. The following sections have been copied from their website : http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/research/grc/proceedings.cfm Genomics Primer from Mayo Clinic Proceedings K Van Steen 18

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Part I: History of Genetics and Sequencing of the Human Genome Cindy Pham Lorentz, MS; Eric D. Wieben, PhD; Ayalew Tefferi, MD; David A. H. Whiteman, MD; and Gordon W. DeWald, PhD The first part of this overview gives an account of the history of genetics that spans from humankind's first attempts at understanding and influencing heredity, to the early scientific work in the field of genetics, and then to the advancements in modern genetics. The second part summarizes the Human Genome Project (HGP) from inception to the publishing of the "first draft" of the human genome sequence. K Van Steen 19

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Part II: Background Principles and Methods in Molecular Genetics Ayalew Tefferi, MD; Eric D. Wieben, PhD; Gordon W. DeWald, PhD; David A. H. Whiteman, MD; Matthew E. Bernard, MD; and Thomas C. Spelsberg, PhD In this second part of an educational series in medical genomics, selected principles and methods in molecular biology are recapped, with the intent to prepare the reader for forthcoming articles with a more direct focus on aspects of the subject matter K Van Steen 20

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Part III: Microarray Experiments and Data Analysis Ayalew Tefferi, MD; Mark E. Bolander, MD; Stephen M. Ansell, MD, PhD; Eric D. Wieben, PhD; and Thomas C. Spelsberg, PhD Genomics has been defined as the comprehensive study of whole sets of genes, gen products, and their interactions as opposed to the study of single genes or proteins. Microarray technology is one of many novel tools that are allowing global and high-throughput analysis of genes and gene products. In addition to an introduction on underlying principles, the current review focuses on the use of microarrays in gene expression analysis. … The curren t review should serve as an introduction to the subject for clinician investigators, physicians and medical scientists in training, practicing clinicians, and other students of medicine. K Van Steen 21

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Part IV: Expression Proteomics Animesh Pardanani, MD, PhD; Eric D. Wieben, MD; Thomas C. Spelsberg, PhD; and Ayalew Tefferi, MD Proteomics, simply defined is the study of proteomes. The three broad areas are expression proteomics, which catalogues the relative abundance of proteins; cell-mapping or cellular proteomics, which delineates functional protein-protein interactions and organelle-specific protein distribution; and structural proteomics, which characterizes the 3-dimensional structure of proteins. This articles reviews the area of expression proteomics. K Van Steen 22

Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology Chapter 1: Setting the Pace Part V: Bioinformatics Peter L Elkin, MD Bioinformatics is the discipline that develops and applies informatics to the field of molecular biology. Although a comprehensive review of the entire field of bioinformatics is beyond the scope of this article, I review the basic tenets of the field and provide a topical sampling of the popular technologies available to clinicians and researchers. These technologies include tools and methods for sequence analysis (nucleotide and protein sequences), rendering of secondary and tertiary structures for these molecules, and protein fold prediction that can lead to rational drug design. I then discuss signaling pathways, new standards for data representation of genes and proteins, and finally the promise of merging these molecular data with the clinical world (the new science of phenomics). K Van Steen 23