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Ideas + Action for a Better City

learn more at SPUR.org tweet about this event: @SPUR_Urbanist #GigEconomy

Dissemination

• f new

technologies Rising inequality and volatility Changing nature of work Need new methods of skill acquisition

Future

• f

Work

What is gig work? And what do we know about it?

Off-line On-demand platforms

Independent contractors*

TYPES OF PAID WORK Employees Self-employed

Small business

• wners

*Not misclassified

Workers’ income sources across all jobs in the U.S., 2014

87% 7% 6% Wages only Self-employment income only Wages and self- employment income

Source: Jackson, Emilie, Adam Looney, and Shanthi Ramnath. 2017. “The Rise of Alternative Work Arrangements: Evidence and Implications for Tax Filing and Benefit Coverage.” Working Paper 114. Department of the Treasury, Office of Tax Analysis.

Common occupations for independent contractors in California

low-wage

• Janitors, maids, and housekeepers
• Personal care aides, home health aides, childcare workers
• Grounds maintenance workers
• Retail sales workers
• Construction trades workers
• Beauty salon barber shop and nail salon workers
• Truck and taxi drivers
• Customer service representatives
• Managers
• Real estate brokers and sales agents
• Media and communications workers (for example, in motion pictures)
• Entertainers and performers
• Teachers
• Doctors, nurses and other health practitioners
• Lawyers and judges
• Computer occupations
• Top executives

high-wage

• Business operations specialists (e.g., in management consulting)
• Financial specialists
• Counselors and social workers

Source: Authors’ analysis of American Community Survey, 2013-2015

On-demand platform work

Source: Farrell, Diana, and Fiona Greig. 2016. “The Online Platform Economy: Why Growth Has Peaked.” JP Morgan Chase & Co Institute.

As percent of workforce in 2016:

• Labor platforms: ~ 0.5%
• Capital platforms: ~ 0.4%

Participation in labor platforms, by city

Source: Farrell, Diana, and Fiona Greig. 2016. “The Online Platform Economy: Why Growth Has Peaked.” JP Morgan Chase & Co Institute. San Francisco Atlanta San Jose Los Angeles Miami Chicago Denver San Diego Dallas Phoenix New York Seattle Columbus Houston Detroit 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 50 100 150 200 250

Percent of adults participating on labor platforms, 2016 Percent year-over-year growth

Platform work is often supplementary and sporadic

• On average, labor platform income = about a quarter
• f annual income
• That’s largely driven by workers who are using platforms during

spells of unemployment

• 40 percent of labor platform users exit within the first

6 months

• About a quarter of users stay for 2 or more years

Ideas + Action for a Better City

learn more at SPUR.org tweet about this event: @SPUR_Urbanist #GigEconomy