Holm Tiessen GTZ, CIDA, IDRC College of Agriculture, U of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Holm Tiessen GTZ, CIDA, IDRC College of Agriculture, U of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 25, 2022 143 likes •466 views

Holm Tiessen GTZ, CIDA, IDRC College of Agriculture, U of Saskatchewan IAI nitrogen - the goal posts I NTER- A MERICAN I NSTITUTE F OR G LOBAL C HANGE R ESEARCH Nitrogen deficiency is not acceptable not in people not in crops wikimedia I

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INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH

Holm Tiessen GTZ, CIDA, IDRC College of Agriculture, U of Saskatchewan IAI nitrogen - the goal posts

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Nitrogen deficiency is not acceptable not in crops not in people

wikimedia

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Nitrogen excess in the environment is not acceptable

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utrition itrogen

N

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Effect of the Haber-Bosch process on world population. Erisman, et al. Nat. Geosci. 2008, 1: 636-630.

Humanity depends on N fertilizers

actual world population with Haber-Bosch N without industrial N

7,0 bi 3,5 bi 1,7 bi 1900 1950 2000

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industrial N fixation air is free but...

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120 Mt NH per year at >8 MWhr/t represents 1% of world energy consumption this affects the price of N:

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N P & K 1992 2006 2001

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the price of N is the price of energy and carbon

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emissions of CO2 by landuse change and for every 10 C, 1 N is "lost or liberated"

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ecosystem service of

  • rganic matter

provide nutrients hold water protect surface store carbon compensation fertilize irrigate avoid erosion mitigate CO2 soil organic matter maintains agricultural production

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million km2 Total Land Area of the Earth 133 Total Area Co-opted for Human Use 45 Pasture Area 25 Biofuels Area 5 - 8 Crop Area 17

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Pastures "are easy" The high nitrogen content in food crops

  • is a contaminant in the prodution of biofuels
  • and has a high price in fertilizers

Crop lands are more difficult

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It comes with issues of faith

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It comes with proven advantages

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source: Indian slide sharer

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What are organic manures? Farm yard manure Crop residues Green manure Biofertilizers Vermicompost

(from the web)

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1% N in FMY

0.6% N cattle 1.2 % N chicken

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the yearly balance of N in the animal-crop cycle world cereal production: 2,530 Mt world cereal N content: 45 Mt world cattle production: 59 Mt world cattle manure N content: 7 Mt (manure N production 330g/day/t of beast)

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soil crop livestock people some other soil and water system

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soil crop (2,530 Mt with 45 Mt N) livestock people some other soil and water system

>45 Mt N @ 1% = 4,500 Mt weight to apply

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  • rganic manures:

Farm yard manure Crop residues Green manure Biofertilizers Vermicompost

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Crop residue quantity and N content but where does this nitrogen come from ?

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Some Protein contents (protein=6.25xN) and typical (maximum) yields: Rice grain 8% of DM 5 t/ha (<20) Wheat grain 15 % of DM 3 t/ha (<15) Maize grain 10% of DM, 4 t/ha (<20) Soy grain 40% of DM 2 t/ha (<4) Lentil grain 30% of DM 1 t/ha (<4) Forage 20% of DM (below 10%, animal requirements are not met) Wood (forestry) 1% N of DM

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solutions of "sustainable management": rotations, N fixation, minimum till, cover crops

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conserve soils maintain soil organic matter maintain soils biologically active sacrifice cropping time or space to N management provide well-timed N provide resilient N (organic, sulfur-coated, others?) fix N recycle N add industrial N

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understand how N is embedded in biogeochemical cycles

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Melillo et al. 1993, Nature 363: 234-240; Felzer et al. 2004 Tellus, 56B, 230-248