BrightView Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: BV)
3rd Quarter Fiscal 2019 Results
Investor Presentation
Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: BV) Investor Presentation 3 rd Quarter Fiscal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
BrightView Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: BV) Investor Presentation 3 rd Quarter Fiscal 2019 Results Disclaimer This presentation contains forward looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements
3rd Quarter Fiscal 2019 Results
Investor Presentation
Investor Presentation | 2
This presentation contains forward looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this presentation, including statements regarding our financial outlook, industry, strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements. The words “outlook,” “guidance,” “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” or “anticipates,” or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. By their nature, forward-looking statements: speak only as of the date they are made; are not statements of historical fact or guarantees of future performance; and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, or changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict or quantify. Our expectations, beliefs, and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance that management’s expectations, beliefs and projections will result or be achieved and actual results may vary materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this presentation reflect our current views with respect to future events, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected include, but are not limited to the following: general economic and financial conditions; competitive industry pressures; the failure to retain certain current customers, renew existing customer contracts and obtain new customer contracts; a determination by customers to reduce their outsourcing or use of preferred vendors; the dispersed nature of our
seasonal nature of our landscape maintenance services; our dependence on weather conditions; increases in prices for raw materials and fuel; product shortages and the loss of key suppliers; our ability to accurately estimate costs of a contract; the conditions and periodic fluctuations of real estate markets, including residential and commercial construction; our ability to retain our executive management and other key personnel; our ability to attract and retain trained workers and third-party contractors and re-employ seasonal workers; any failure to properly verify employment eligibility of our employees; subcontractors taking actions that harm our business; our recognition of future impairment charges; laws and governmental regulations, including those relating to employees, wage and hour, immigration, human health and safety and transportation; environmental, health and safety laws and regulations; the distraction and impact caused by litigation, of adverse litigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings; increase in on-job accidents involving employees; any failure, inadequacy, interruption, security failure or breach of our information technology systems; any failure to protect the security of personal information about our customers, employees and third parties; our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property; occurrence of natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other external events;
working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or other general corporate requirements; restrictions imposed by our debt agreements that limit our flexibility in operating our business; increases in interest rates increasing the cost of servicing our substantial indebtedness; and counterparty creditworthiness risk or risk of non-performance with respect to derivative financial instruments. Additional factors that could cause our results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found under “Item
filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. This presentation also contains non-GAAP financial measures, as defined in Regulation G and adopted by the SEC. We provide reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure within this presentation and in our Form 8-K announcing our quarterly earnings, which can be found on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and our website at www.brightview.com. We are not providing a quantitative reconciliation of our outlook to the corresponding GAAP information because it is not possible to predict with a reasonable degree of certainty the actual impact of certain items that would be included in GAAP results.
Investor Presentation | 4
removal services
development services
Founded in 2014 Industry-Defining, Route-Based Services Company Strong Local Market Presence and Brand Reputation Large, Highly- Fragmented and Stable Addressable Market Consolidation Strategy Leveraging Resources and Scale Operational Improvements Driving Strong Margins
Investor Presentation | 5
Landscape Maintenance Landscape Development
FY’18 Revenue $2.35B Revenues: $1.77B 75% of Revenues Revenues: $0.58B 25% of Revenues Business Overview & Highlights
services for new landscapes / large-scale redesign projects
upon project completion
Selected Services
Landscape Services Snow Services Tree Care Services Sweep Services Irrigation Fertilization Disaster Recovery Landscape Architecture Nursery & Tree Moving Pool & Water Sports Fields
Selected Customers
Commercial Landscaping
model
services Snow Removal
modulated around 30-year avg. snowfall rates
Investor Presentation | 6
Local Market Presence
Deep local market knowledge “Strategic partnership” mentality Professional, empowered and accountable branch managers Differentiated training and retention of branch staff Consistent, high-quality execution Lower organizational sophistication Lower consistency of service and quality Higher employee / crew turnover
Breadth of Service Offerings
Able to serve virtually any customer need Expertise in highly technical and complex services Deep horticultural knowledge base Ability to self-perform majority of work Mostly offering basic services Lacking in depth / horticultural expertise Customers forced to manage multiple
vendors Professional Operating Platform
Highly trained, collegiate and masters graduates with deep
horticultural knowledge base and field experience
Best-in-class technology and equipment Comprehensive compliance and safety management programs Sophisticated centralized ERP systems Smaller scale limits resources to invest in
advanced technological infrastructure
Less developed Human Resources policies
and practices
Limited employee career opportunities
National Scale
Fully invested, national platform capable of serving customers
across multiple geographies while executing locally
Institutionalized best-practices Escalation path for local issues to drive collaborative solutions Significant resources to support local branch operations Inability to deliver services nationally Informal or inexistent process for sharing
and implementation of best-practices
Limited resources dedicated to support and
foster employee development
Average Local Competitor
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#1 Player in a
~$67B Market
~10x
Next Largest Competitor
Strong Margins and Free Cash Flow
~80% Cash Conversion
Modest Capex Needs
~2.5% of Revenue Robust M&A Pipeline
14 companies and more than $250 million in revenue acquired since 1/1/17
National Footprint
States with BrightView Branches Extended Coverage via Qualified Service Partners Maintenance Location Development Location
Key Statistics by Region
Branches Employees Evergreen ~65% ~75% Seasonal ~35% ~25% Total > 200 ~ 22,000
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Duke University Durham, NC Colonial Williamsburg Williamsburg, VA
ExxonMobil Headquarters Irving, TX Getty Museum Los Angeles, CA Four Seasons Hualalai Kona, HI Ritz Carlton Key Biscayne, FL Marlins Park Miami, FL Beacon Park Irvine, CA
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Brightview Management Combines Extensive Business Services Experience with Robust Local Landscaping Leadership
Andrew Masterman
President and Chief Executive Officer
John Feenan
EVP, Chief Financial Officer
Jeff Herold
President, Landscape Maintenance
Tom Donnelly
President, Landscape Development
Brian Bruce
EVP, Chief Information Officer
Todd Chambers
EVP, Chief Marketing Officer
Jonathan Gottsegen
EVP, Chief Legal Officer
Senior Leadership Team
Position Number of Employees
Tenure (yrs.)¹ Senior Vice President 15 19 Vice President 35 17 General Manager 12 16 Branch Manager 208 13 Assistant Branch Manager 62 11 Account Manager 724 8
Local Leadership Team
1 As of 9/30/18 and including tenure with companies acquired by BrightView.
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Dedicated, Locally- based Salesforce to Generate New Sales Accretive Acquisitions with Strong-on-Strong M&A Strategy Multi-Channel Approach to Expand Customer Base Investing in 160+ person business development team solely focused on securing new customers Expanding footprint in high-growth geographies that exhibit favorable weather and economic characteristics Outgrowing regional competitors through targeted segmentation to take market share
2.7% Market Share
CA
CA TX FL NC VA GA AZ
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4,500+
Additional customer sites
$250M+
Annualized revenue since Jan 1, 2017
The Leading Acquirer in the Commercial Landscaping Industry Strategic Objectives
Increase Density Develop Underpenetrated Geographies Expand Landscape Enhancement Business Improve Technical Capabilities
Anaheim, CA Vista, CA Sanford, FL Dallas, TX Danville, CA Bay Area, CA Austin, TX South Florida Phoenix, AZ Hartford, CT Tucson, AZ Shamong, NJ Portland, OR
Investor Presentation | 13 Culture of accountability Rebranded fleet Leadership training and development programs Locally-led and empowered organization Client segmentation and optimization Strong-on-Strong M&A Strategy
Center of Excellence Initiatives
Streamline/ Centralize Procurement Align Executive/ Branch-Level Talent Leverage Technology Standardize Quality Optimize Asset and Resource Mgmt.
$
Intense
Customer Focus
Strong Leaders
Not Accepting Mediocrity Ready, Trained, Safe and Enabled
Crews
Superior
Financial Performance
Consistency in
Quality, Service and Productivity
Investor Presentation | 15
1 Per Lawn and Landscape magazine and company press releases, based on 2017 revenue. Excludes tree care focused companies. 2 Per Snow Magazine. 3 Per Management estimates. 4 Ranking based on total publicly reported assets. 5 Per Forbes, based on total revenues.
~10x The Size of Next Largest Direct Competitor Industry Leader Across a Number of Service Lines Differentiated Scale in a Highly- Fragmented Market
Serves 4 of the 5 Largest U.S. Banks4 Contracts with 4 of the 5 Largest U.S. Companies5 Serves 9 of the Top 10 3rd Party Hotel Management Firms Serves 11 of the Top 15 Health Systems
Scope to Service a Diverse Set of End Markets
~13,000 Office Buildings / Corporate Campuses 9,000 Residential Communities ~3,400 Shopping Environments 450+ Education Institutions
High-Profile Bespoke Assignments
Turf Restoration for the National Mall Maintenance for Colonial Williamsburg Official Field Consultant for Major League Baseball Designed / Built Fields for 3 Olympic Games
#1 Commercial Landscaper in the U.S. #1 Snow Removal Company in the U.S.2 Leading Tree Nursery3 Leading Provider of Golf Course Maintenance3 Leading Water Irrigation Service Provider3
Top 10 North American Landscaping Companies1 ~10x
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1 Landscaping services in the U.S. (2006-2017), IBISWorld – Snowplowing Services in the U.S. (2014, 2016-2017) presents
commercial landscaping services and commercial snowplowing services as a share of the overall U.S. market at rates consistent with IBISWorld figures for 2017.
centralization trends
criticality of execution
~$67B
U.S. Commercial Landscaping and Snow
BrightView: ~$1.77B Market Share: 2.7%
~$52B
U.S. Commercial Landscaping Services
Market Opportunity
Commercial Landscaping and Snow Removal Services Industry
$46 $48 $47 $44 $45 $46 $50 $53 $58 $61 $65 $65 $67 $68 $69 $69 $70 $71 '06A '07A '08A '09A '10A '11A '12A '13A '14A '15A '16A '17A '18E '19E '20E '21E '22E '23E CAGR: 0%
$ Billion1
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$5.57 $5.32 $2.14 $2.15 $1.68 $0.58 $0.24
Fixed Taxes Utilities R&M Cleaning Parking Grounds
Recurring Maintenance Services
Anchor business that provides predictable recurring revenue and high degree of visibility on future performance (75% of FY2018 revenue)
Evergreen Sites
Significant presence in evergreen regions, which require year-round maintenance
Limited Customer Concentration¹
12% 88% Top 10 Customers All Other Customers
1 Reflects BrightView’s customer concentration based upon FY2018 revenue contribution. 2 Other includes: Hospitality, Hospitals, Education, Public Spaces and Other sectors. 3 Building Owners and Managers Association International estimate of 2018 average operating expenses per square foot.
Private Sector Office Building Expenses ($/sq.ft.)3 Stability of Business Model Amplified by Relative Low Cost of Landscaping Services Nature
No Customer >3%
40% 25% 35%
Other 2 HOA Corporate
Diversified Customer Base1
Investor Presentation | 18
Efficient utilization of existing assets High value-add to customers (combination with landscape) Balanced mix of fixed price contracts with guaranteed minimums
(reduce year-to-year volatility) and upside from pay-per-plow contracts
Additional tool for employee retention given year-round demand
U.S. Snowfall Amounts Modulate Around 10- and 30-Year Averages¹
1 Reflects cumulative annual snowfall at locations where BrightView has a presence. 2019 is fiscal year to date as of 06/30/19.
Inherent Benefits of Snow Services Offering
10-Yr. 2,999” 30-Yr. 2,775”
Investor Presentation | 20
Full Year 2019 Assumptions
Total Revenue Adjusted EBITDA Net Capital Expenditures
$2,400M - $2,470M
Predictable Drivers
$310M - $318M
Profitable Growth
~2.5% of Revenue
Long-Term Average
Expect to Deliver Low End of Total Revenue and Adj. EBITDA Guidance
1Our financial guidance, which was updated on 8/7/19, contains forward-looking statements and is subject to risks and uncertainties.
See “Introductory Information”.
Investor Presentation | 21
(Numbers $M)
3Q19 3Q18 Commentary Total Revenue $657.2 $630.3
Maintenance Services $492.1 $474.6
Development Services $166.3 $157.4
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Wet weather reduced operating efficiency and caused delays in ancillary services Recent acquisitions operated at a lower margin versus BrightView’s average
Strong bookings pipeline Higher productivity compared with 3Q18 due to the nature of the projects
(Numbers $M)
3Q19 3Q18 Commentary Total Adj. EBITDA $101.9 $97.8
Maintenance Services $91.1 $91.3
Development Services $27.0 $22.0
Corporate Expenses ($16.2) ($15.5)
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(Numbers $M)
Revenue Adjusted EBITDA 9M19 9M18 9M19 9M18 Total BrightView $1,779.9 $1,771.8 $213.1 $215.9 Maintenance Services $1,358.0 $1,341.4 $204.8 $210.2 Development Services $424.7 $433.6 $55.0 $55.3 Corporate Expenses
($49.6)
Investor Presentation | 24
1 Net capital expenditures excludes the acquisition of legacy ValleyCrest land and buildings for $21.6mm in 1Q18 and is net of proceeds from sale of property & equipment. 2 Net Debt includes total long-term debt, net of original issue discount, and capital lease obligations net of cash and equivalents
Net CapEx / Total Revenue: 2.6% at 9M18 vs. 4.0% at 9M19 Expect to be below 3.0% at FYE 2019 Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA 4.0x at 2Q19 vs. 3.9x at 3Q19 Expect to approach 3.5x at FYE ’19
Capital Expenditures Net Debt
$1,174.1 $1,170.6
2
$46.2 $70.4 $21.6 $3.9 $6.8
9M18 9M19
1 1
Asset Disposals
Legacy Assets
Generating Cash to Invest in Capex, Reduce Debt and Continue M&A
Net Capex Net Capex
$71.7 $77.2 (Numbers $M)
2Q19 3Q19 Total Financial Debt2 $1,185.3 $1,181.5 Total Cash and Equivalents $11.2 $10.9 Net Financial Debt3 $1,174.1 $1,170.6 Net Debt / LTM
4.0x 3.9x
Investor Presentation | 26
(*) Amounts may not total due to rounding.
(in millions)* 2019 2018 2019 2018
Adjusted EBITDA Net income (loss) 31.7 $ (1.4) $ 19.3 $ (4.1) $ Plus: Interest expense, net 18.4 27.5 54.4 77.5 Income tax expense (benefit) 11.0 1.2 6.6 (58.2) Depreciation expense 20.9 17.8 61.9 56.6 Amortization expense 13.9 29.2 42.9 89.6 Establish public company financial reporting compliance (a) 1.1 0.6 2.8 3.4 Business transformation and integration costs (b) 4.4 2.5 13.4 21.4 Expenses related to initial public offering (c) 0.1 4.7 0.1 6.8 Equity-based compensation (d) 0.3 15.0 11.8 20.8 Management fees (e) — 0.7 — 2.1 Adjusted EBITDA 101.9 $ 97.8 $ 213.1 $ 215.9 $
Nine Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30,
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(*) Amounts may not total due to rounding.
(in millions)* 2019 2018 2019 2018
Adjusted Net Income Net loss 31.7 $ (1.4) $ 19.3 $ (4.1) $ Plus: Amortization expense 13.9 29.2 42.9 89.6 Establish public company financial reporting compliance (a) 1.1 0.6 2.8 3.4 Business transformation and integration costs (b) 4.4 2.5 13.4 21.4 Expenses related to initial public offering (c) 0.1 4.7 0.1 6.8 Equity-based compensation (d) 0.3 15.0 11.8 20.8 Management fees (e) — 0.7 — 2.1 Income tax adjustment (f) (4.5) (18.1) (17.2) (85.8) Adjusted Net Income 47.0 $ 33.2 $ 73.1 $ 54.1 $ Free Cash Flow and Adjusted Free Cash Flow Cash flows from operating activities 44.5 $ 44.5 $ 109.2 $ 123.7 $ Minus: Capital expenditures 34.6 27.6 77.2 71.7 Plus: Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 3.8 2.4 6.8 3.9 Free Cash Flow 13.7 $ 19.3 $ 38.8 $ 55.9 $ Plus: ValleyCrest land and building acquisition (g) — — — 21.6 Adjusted Free Cash Flow 13.7 $ 19.3 $ 38.8 $ 77.5 $
Nine Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30,
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(in millions)* 2019 2018 2019 2018
Severance and related costs 0.4 $ 1.1 $ 2.0 $ 3.3 $ Rebranding of vehicle fleet 0.1 0.4 0.4 12.4 Business integration 3.0 0.2 6.8 0.4 IT Infrastructure transformation and other 0.9 0.8 4.2 5.3 Business transformation and integration costs 4.4 $ 2.5 $ 13.4 $ 21.4 $
Nine Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30, (in millions)* 2019 2018 2019 2018
Tax impact of pre-tax income adjustments 4.5 $ 17.7 $ 16.4 $ 43.7 $ Discrete tax items
0.8 42.1 Income tax adjustment 4.5 $ 18.1 $ 17.2 $ 85.8 $
Nine Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30,
Investor Presentation | 29
(*) Amounts may not total due to rounding.
(in millions)* June 30, 2019 March 31, 2019 September 30, 2018
Long-term debt, net 1,145.8 $ 1,147.5 $ 1,141.3 $ Plus: Current portion of long-term debt 10.4 $ 10.4 $ 13.0 $ Financing costs, net 18.0 18.9 20.0 Present value of net minimum payment - capital lease obligations 7.3 8.6 10.1 Total Financial Debt 1,181.5 $ 1,185.3 $ 1,184.4 $ Less: Cash and cash equivalents (10.9) (11.2) (35.2) Total Net Financial Debt 1,170.6 $ 1,174.1 $ 1,149.2 $
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Revenue
∆ YoY
Up 5.7%
∆ YoY (bps)
Up 80 bps
∆ YoY
Up 12.6%
Revenue $1,774.8 M – up 7.4% yoy
Revenue $583.3 M – up 1.1% yoy
Investor Presentation | 31
(Numbers $M)
FY 2018 FY 2017 Commentary Total Revenue $2,353.6 $2,225.9
Maintenance Services $1,774.8 $1,651.8
Development Services $583.3 $577.2
Investor Presentation | 32
(Numbers $M)
FY 2018 FY 2017 Commentary Total Adj. EBITDA $300.1 $266.6
Maintenance Services $289.8 $258.0
Development Services $78.7 $77.4
Corporate Expenses ($68.4) ($68.8)
Investor Presentation | 33
1 Net capital expenditures excludes the acquisition of legacy ValleyCrest land and buildings for $21.6mm in 2017 and is net of proceeds from sale of property & equipment. 2 See the “Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliation” in the Appendix of this presentation for a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure 3 Net Debt includes total long-term debt, net of original issue discount, and capital lease obligations net of cash and equivalents 4 Cash Conversion Rate is defined as (Adjusted EBITDA – Net Capital Expenditures) / Adjusted EBITDA
Net CapEx / Total Revenue: 2.2% in 2018 vs. 2.4% in 2017 Strong Net Income and Focus on Net Working Capital Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA 3.8x at FYE 2018 vs. 6.1x at FYE 2017 Strong Adj. EBITDA Growth and Prudent CapEx Deployment
Capital Expenditures Adjusted Free Cash Flow Net Debt Cash Conversion Rate
$1,627.0 $1,149.2
FYE 17 FYE 18
79.8% 82.4%
FYE 17 FYE 18
2
$53.9
Net Capex
$52.8
Net Capex
$7.0 $12.0
FYE 17 FYE 18
$60.9 $86.4 $21.6 $70.4 $127.6
FYE 17 FYE 18
3 4
1 1
Asset Disposals Legacy Assets
Investor Presentation | 34
(*) Amounts may not total due to rounding.
Three Months Ended September 30, Twelve Months Ended September 30, (in millions)* 2018 2017 2018 2017
Adjusted EBITDA Net loss $ (10.9 ) $ 0.4 $ (15.1 ) $ (37.4 ) Plus: Interest expense, net 20.3 24.7 97.8 98.1 Income tax benefit (8.1 ) (2.0 ) (66.2 ) (24.0 ) Depreciation expense 18.7 17.0 75.3 77.7 Amortization expense 15.3 31.0 104.9 125.8 Establish public company financial reporting compliance (a) 0.8 — 4.1 2.3 Business transformation and integration costs (b) 4.0 7.9 25.4 18.7 Expenses related to initial public offering (c) — — 6.8 — Debt extinguishment (d) 25.1 — 25.1 — Equity-based compensation (e) 8.0 0.3 28.8 2.9 Management fees (f) 11.0 0.6 13.1 2.6 Adjusted EBITDA $ 84.2 $ 79.7 $ 300.1 $ 266.6
Investor Presentation | 35
(*) Amounts may not total due to rounding.
Three Months Ended September 30, Twelve Months Ended September 30, (in millions)* 2018 2017 2018 2017
Adjusted Net Income Net loss $ (10.9 ) $ 0.4 (15.1 ) $ (37.4 ) Plus: Amortization expense 15.3 31.0 104.9 125.8 Establish public company financial reporting compliance (a) 0.8 — 4.1 2.3 Business transformation and integration costs (b) 4.0 7.9 25.4 18.7 Expenses related to initial public offering (c) — — 6.8 — Debt extinguishment (d) 25.1 — 25.1 — Equity-based compensation (e) 8.0 0.3 28.8 2.9 Management fees (f) 11.0 0.6 13.1 2.6 Income tax adjustment (g) (17.5 ) (16.0 ) (103.1 ) (56.7 ) Adjusted Net Income $ 35.8 $ 24.2 $ 90.0 $ 58.1 Free Cash Flow and Adjusted Free Cash Flow Cash flows from operating activities $ 56.7 $ 55.3 $ 180.4 $ 124.2 Minus: Capital expenditures 14.7 9.9 86.4 60.9 Plus: Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 8.0 1.7 12.0 7.0 Free Cash Flow $ 50.1 $ 47.1 $ 105.9 $ 70.4 Plus: ValleyCrest land and building acquisition (h) — — 21.6 — Adjusted Free Cash Flow $ 50.1 $ 47.1 $ 127.6 $ 70.4
Investor Presentation | 36
(*) Amounts may not total due to rounding. (a) Represents costs incurred to establish public company financial reporting compliance, including costs to comply with the requirements of Sarbanes-Oxley and the accelerated adoption of the new revenue recognition standard (ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers), and other miscellaneous costs. (b) Business transformation and integration costs consist of (i) severance and related costs; (ii) vehicle fleet rebranding costs; (iii) business integration costs and (iv) information technology infrastructure transformation costs and other.
Three Months Ended September 30, Twelve Months Ended September 30, (in millions)* 2018 2017 2018 2017
Severance and related costs $ 2.5 $ 0.8 $ 5.7 $ 6.9 Rebranding of vehicle fleet 0.1 5.6 12.5 6.3 Business integration 1.3 — 1.7 0.6 IT Infrastructure transformation and other 0.1 1.5 5.5 4.9 Business transformation and integration costs $ 4.0 $ 7.9 $ 25.4 $ 18.7
(c) Represents expenses incurred in connection with the IPO. (d) Represents losses on the extinguishment of debt. (e) Represents equity-based compensation expense recognized for equity incentive plans outstanding, including $19.6 million related to the IPO in the twelve months ended September 30, 2018. (f) Represents fees paid pursuant to a monitoring agreement terminated on July 2, 2018 in connection with the completion of the IPO. (g) Represents the tax effect of pre-tax items excluded from Adjusted Net Income and the removal of the applicable discrete tax items, which collectively result in a reduction of income tax. The tax effect of pre-tax items excluded from Adjusted Net Income is computed using the statutory rate related to the jurisdiction that was impacted by the adjustment after taking into account the impact of permanent differences and valuation allowances. Discrete tax items include changes in laws or rates, changes in uncertain tax positions relating to prior years and changes in valuation allowances. The twelve months ended September 30, 2018 amount includes a $43.4 million benefit recognized as a result of the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
Three Months Ended September 30, Twelve Months Ended September 30, (in millions)* 2018 2017 2018 2017
Tax impact of pre-tax income adjustments $ 16.1 $ 14.3 $ 59.6 $ 55.3 Discrete tax items 1.4 1.7 43.5 1.4 Income tax adjustment $ 17.5 $ 16.0 $ 103.1 $ 56.7
(h) Represents the acquisition of legacy ValleyCrest land and buildings in October 2017.
Thank You
Investor Relations Contact: Daniel Schleiniger
VP, Investor Relations 484.567.7148 Daniel.Schleiniger@BrightView.com
Media Contact: Fred Jacobs
VP, Communications & Public Affairs 484.567.7244 Fred.Jacobs@BrightView.com investor.brightview.com