Hans Vangheluwe Software? Model Everything! Compl. Causes Dealing - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Hans Vangheluwe Software? Model Everything! Compl. Causes Dealing - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Software? Model Everything! Compl. Causes Dealing with Compl. MPM Software Intensive Systems: Dealing with Complexity Hans Vangheluwe Software? Model Everything! Compl. Causes Dealing with Compl. MPM Software? Model Everything! Compl.

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Software Intensive Systems: Dealing with Complexity

Hans Vangheluwe

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Model, don’t code (though code is a model too)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

beware of leaky abstractions

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

“All non-trivial abstractions, to some degree, are leaky.” (Joel Spolsky)

https://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/LeakyAbstractions.html

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Mercedes S Class: >100 ECUs, >20 million LOC

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

VW Phaeton: wiring harness length > 2km, copper weight > 30kg

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM http://blog.nxp.com/the-wiring-harness-the-smart-communication-network-in-every-car/

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM http://blog.nxp.com/the-wiring-harness-the-smart-communication-network-in-every-car/

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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SLIDE 23

Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity Model Everything . . . Explicitly

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity Model Everything . . . Explicitly for design (Engineering) and analysis (Science)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Real-World entity Base Model System S

  • nly study behaviour in

experimental context experiment within context Model M Simulation Results Experiment Observed Data

within context

simulate = virtual experiment Model Base a-priori knowledge

validation

REALITY MODEL GOALS

Modelling and Simulation Process

Bernard P . Zeigler. Multi-faceted Modelling and Discrete-Event Simulation. Academic Press, 1984.

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

Simulation . . . when too costly/dangerous analysis ↔ design

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

Simulation . . . real experiment not ethical “physical” simulation, training

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

Simulation . . . evaluate alternatives

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

Simulation . . . “Do it Right the First Time”

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

essence: “shooting” problems

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

defining a “hit”

5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 25 30

θ

  • rigin (0, 2)

target (30, 1) Height (m) Distance (m)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

  • ptimizing a “performance metric”

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 5 10 15 20 25 30

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

  • ptimal solution. . . s
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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

Modelling/Simulation . . . and code/app Synthesis

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

The spectrum of uses of models Documentation, Communication

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

The spectrum of uses of models Documentation, Communication Formal Verification of Properties (all models, all behaviours)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

The spectrum of uses of models Documentation, Communication Formal Verification of Properties (all models, all behaviours) Model Checking of Properties (one model, all behaviours)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

The spectrum of uses of models Documentation, Communication Formal Verification of Properties (all models, all behaviours) Model Checking of Properties (one model, all behaviours) Test Generation

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

The spectrum of uses of models Documentation, Communication Formal Verification of Properties (all models, all behaviours) Model Checking of Properties (one model, all behaviours) Test Generation Simulation (one model, one behaviour) . . . for calibration, optimization, . . .

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Modelling and Simulation for . . .

The spectrum of uses of models Documentation, Communication Formal Verification of Properties (all models, all behaviours) Model Checking of Properties (one model, all behaviours) Test Generation Simulation (one model, one behaviour) . . . for calibration, optimization, . . . Application Synthesis (software, FPGA, 3D printing, production line control, . . . )

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Requirements (“What?”) Detached or Semi-detached Style (classical, modern, . . . ) Number of Floors Number of rooms of different types (bedrooms, bathrooms, . . . ) Garage, Storage, . . . Cellar . . .

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Requirements (“What?”) Detached or Semi-detached Style (classical, modern, . . . ) Number of Floors Number of rooms of different types (bedrooms, bathrooms, . . . ) Garage, Storage, . . . Cellar . . . Design (“How?”)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Requirements (“What?”) Detached or Semi-detached Style (classical, modern, . . . ) Number of Floors Number of rooms of different types (bedrooms, bathrooms, . . . ) Garage, Storage, . . . Cellar . . . Design (“How?”) Requirements (“What?”): Feature Model of a Product Family

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

System Boundaries System to be built/studied Environment with which the system interacts

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

System vs. “Plant”

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

System vs. “Plant” “Plant”?!

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

System vs. “Plant”

www.mathworks.com/products/demos/simulink/PowerWindow/html/PowerWindow1.html

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Number of Components

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Crowds: diversity, interaction

www.3dm3.com

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Diversity of Components: Power Window

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Non-compositional/Emergent Behaviour

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Emergent Behaviour

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Engineered Emergent Behaviour

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Uncertainty Often related to level of abstraction: for example continuous vs. discrete

www.engr.utexas.edu/trafficSims/

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Question: is the deviation from the trend periodic?

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Fourier Transform: time-domain → frequency-domain f(t) = +∞ [a(λ)cos(2πλt) + b(λ)sin(2πλt)]dλ

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Answer: transform to make the solution obvious

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Guiding principle (∼ physics: principle of minimal action) minimize accidental complexity,

  • nly essential complexity remains

Fred P . Brooks. No Silver Bullet – Essence and Accident in Software Engineering. Proceedings of the IFIP Tenth World Computing Conference, pp. 1069–1076, 1986. http://www.lips.utexas.edu/ee382c-15005/Readings/Readings1/05-Broo87.pdf

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity: some approaches

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity: some approaches multiple abstraction levels

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity: some approaches multiple abstraction levels

  • ptimal formalism
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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity: some approaches multiple abstraction levels

  • ptimal formalism

multiple formalisms

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity: some approaches multiple abstraction levels

  • ptimal formalism

multiple formalisms multiple views

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Dealing with Complexity: some approaches multiple abstraction levels

  • ptimal formalism

multiple formalisms multiple views Modularity!

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Abstraction Levels

Different Abstraction Levels – properties preserved

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Abstraction Levels

Levels of Abstraction/Views: Morphism

detailed (technical) level abstract (decision) level abstraction simulation M_d M_t trajectory model traj_t traj_d

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Abstraction Levels

Abstraction Relationship foundation: the information contained in a model M. Different questions (properties) P = I(M) which can be asked concerning the model. These questions either result in true or false. Abstraction and its opposite, refinement are relative to a non-empty set of questions (properties) P. If M1 is an abstraction of M2 with respect to P, for all p ∈ P: M1 | = p ⇒ M2 | = p. This is written M1 ⊒P M2. M1 is said to be a refinement of M2 iff M2 is an abstraction

  • f M1. This is written M1 ⊑P M2.
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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Most Appropriate Formalism (Minimizing Accidental Complexity)

Most Appropriate Formalism

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Most Appropriate Formalism (Minimizing Accidental Complexity)

www.planeshift.it Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing games need Non-Player Characters (NPCs)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM TankWars: high level

Sensors Analyzers Memorizers Strategical Deciders Tactical Deciders Executors Coordinators Actuators Tank Turret Radar FuelTank WeaponDetectionSystem InRangeDetector EnemyTracker FuelStationMap ObstacleMap RepairStationMap PilotStrategy AttackPlanner RefuelPlanner RepairPlanner ExplorePlanner EscapePlanner Pathfinder Steering TurretTankMovementCoordinator MotorControl TurretControl TurretSteering ObstacleDetector WaypointDetector

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Strategic Deciders – High-level Goals

EnoughFuel NormalOperation

PilotStrategy

Attacking Repairing

damageHigh repaired

Fleeing

[repairTracker. repairPosKnown] [not repairTracker. repairPosKnown] [repairTracker. repairPosKnown]

Exploring

fuelLow

Refueling

fuelFull H* [in enemyTracker.enemyPosKnown && not fuelTank.lowFuel] BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[not fuelTracker.fuelPosKnown] [fuelTracker.fuelPosKnown] Jörg Kienzle, Alexandre Denault, Hans Vangheluwe. Model-Based Design of Computer-Controlled Game Character

  • Behavior. MoDELS 2007: 650-665
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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Strategic Deciders – High-level Goals

EnoughFuel NormalOperation

PilotStrategy

Attacking Repairing

damageHigh repaired

Fleeing

[repairTracker. repairPosKnown] [not repairTracker. repairPosKnown] [repairTracker. repairPosKnown]

Exploring

fuelLow

Refueling

fuelFull H* [in enemyTracker.enemyPosKnown && not fuelTank.lowFuel] BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[not fuelTracker.fuelPosKnown] [fuelTracker.fuelPosKnown] Jörg Kienzle, Alexandre Denault, Hans Vangheluwe. Model-Based Design of Computer-Controlled Game Character

  • Behavior. MoDELS 2007: 650-665

Could have used production rules instead of Statecharts

Eugene Syriani, Hans Vangheluwe: Programmed Graph Rewriting with DEVS. AGTIVE 2007: 136-151

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

“Management Flight Simulator” using Forrester System Dynamics model

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Causal Block Diagram model of Harmonic Oscillator

x0 0.0 y0 1.0

IC

x

IC

y −

I OUT

K 1.0 0.0 PLOT

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Petri Net model of Producer – Consumer

P.Calculating 1 Wait4Cons Buffer Buffer−p 1 Wait4Prod 1 C.Calculating Produce Put in Buffer Rem.from buffer Consume

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

GPSS model of Telephone Exchange

FN1 12 2 V2 V1 PH 1 LR PH1 V1 H 2 P2 NE P1 S PH1 LNKS R PH1 1 LR PH2 R PH1 LNKS 1 S PH2 FN1 120 Function: 1 LNKS 10

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multi-Formalism

Multiple Formalisms: Power Window

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multi-Formalism

Components in Different Formalisms

www.mathworks.com/products/demos/simulink/PowerWindow/html/PowerWindow1.html

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multi-Formalism

Controller, using Statechart(StateFlow) formalism

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multi-Formalism

Mechanics subsystem

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

Wireless Home Entertainment System

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

Multiple (consistent !) Views (in = Formalisms)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

View: Events Diagram

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

View: Protocol Statechart

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

No Free Lunch!

Solutions often introduce their own accidental complexity

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

No Free Lunch!

Solutions often introduce their own accidental complexity multiple abstraction levels (need morphism)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

No Free Lunch!

Solutions often introduce their own accidental complexity multiple abstraction levels (need morphism)

  • ptimal formalism (need precise meaning)
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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

No Free Lunch!

Solutions often introduce their own accidental complexity multiple abstraction levels (need morphism)

  • ptimal formalism (need precise meaning)

multiple formalisms (need relationship)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

No Free Lunch!

Solutions often introduce their own accidental complexity multiple abstraction levels (need morphism)

  • ptimal formalism (need precise meaning)

multiple formalisms (need relationship) multiple views (need consistency)

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SLIDE 94

Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM Multiple Views/Concerns/Aspects

No Free Lunch!

Solutions often introduce their own accidental complexity multiple abstraction levels (need morphism)

  • ptimal formalism (need precise meaning)

multiple formalisms (need relationship) multiple views (need consistency)

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Software? Model Everything!

  • Compl. Causes

Dealing with Compl. MPM

Multi-Paradigm Modelling ( model everything, minimize accidental complexity ) at the most appropriate level of abstraction using the most appropriate formalism(s) Class Diagrams, Differential Algebraic Equations, Petri Nets, Bond Graphs, Statecharts, CSP , Queueing Networks, Sequence Diagrams, Lustre/Esterel, . . . with transformations as first-class models

Pieter J. Mosterman and Hans Vangheluwe. Computer Automated Multi-Paradigm Modeling: An Introduction. Simulation 80(9):433–450, September 2004. Special Issue: Grand Challenges for Modeling and Simulation.