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GSI Colloquium Bastian Lher October 2017 What does it take to fjnd - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
GSI Colloquium Bastian Lher October 2017 What does it take to fjnd - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
GSI Colloquium Bastian Lher October 2017 What does it take to fjnd a dirty bomb? Bastian Lher GSI Kolloquium October 2017 What does it take to fjnd a dirty bomb? Find 10.300.000 results Finding means discovering Bomb An explosive
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What does it take to fjnd a dirty bomb?
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Find
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10.300.000 results
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Finding means discovering
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Bomb
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An explosive device used or intended as a weapon – Wikipedia
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Damage types Shock Heat Fragmentation
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Damage types Shock Heat Fragmentation
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Damage types Shock Heat Fragmentation
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Finding a bomb
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With Contact Colorimetric tests Ion Mobility spectrometry Very accurate
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Close range Dogs with special training X-ray inspection Neutron activation Accurate, but usually expensive
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Remote sensing ??? Very diffjcult
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Dirty
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Make it radioactive! Five grams of cesium - mixed with a few kg of explosives
- are enough to cause damage in the range of billions
– W. Koch, FKIE Dirty bomb – An Explosive Radiological Dispersal Device (ERDD) Not a nuclear device energy release from common chemicals
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Make it radioactive! Five grams of cesium - mixed with a few kg of explosives
- are enough to cause damage in the range of billions
– W. Koch, FKIE Dirty bomb – An Explosive Radiological Dispersal Device (ERDD) Not a nuclear device energy release from common chemicals
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Why?
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Fragmentation of radioactivity Same immediate damage Long-term health damage Area Contamination Psychological efgects
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Fragmentation of radioactivity Same immediate damage Long-term health damage Area Contamination Psychological efgects
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Fragmentation of radioactivity Same immediate damage Long-term health damage Area Contamination Psychological efgects
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Fragmentation of radioactivity Same immediate damage Long-term health damage Area Contamination Psychological efgects
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Wikipedia (public domain)
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How to fjnd a dirty bomb?
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How to fjnd a radioactive source?
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Related problems Dirty bombs Illegal transportation Area monitoring Area inspection
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Related problems Dirty bombs Illegal transportation Area monitoring Area inspection
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Related problems Dirty bombs Illegal transportation Area monitoring Area inspection
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Related problems Dirty bombs Illegal transportation Area monitoring Area inspection
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Dirty bombs commons.wikimedia.org
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Illegal transport commons.wikimedia.org
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Area monitoring commons.wikimedia.org
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Area inspection commons.wikimedia.org
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Building a detector
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Key Requirements highly sensitive fast mobile easy to use rugged (cheap)
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Key Requirements highly sensitive fast mobile easy to use rugged (cheap)
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Key Requirements highly sensitive fast mobile easy to use rugged (cheap)
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Key Requirements highly sensitive fast mobile easy to use rugged (cheap)
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Key Requirements highly sensitive fast mobile easy to use rugged (cheap)
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Key Requirements highly sensitive fast mobile easy to use rugged (cheap)
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What’s on the market handheld vehicle based stationary
- ne-ofg prototypes
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What’s on the market handheld vehicle based stationary
- ne-ofg prototypes
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What’s on the market handheld vehicle based stationary
- ne-ofg prototypes
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What’s on the market handheld vehicle based stationary
- ne-ofg prototypes
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Handheld devices
Ecotest SPECTRA FLIR Identifinder GammaScout Rapiscan PRM470 dtect rad−ID
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Capabilities (handheld)
Property SPECTRA identiFINDER Scout Rapiscan rad-ID Gamma yes yes yes yes yes Neutron yes yes no yes yes Dose yes yes yes yes yes Histogramming yes yes no no yes Identifjcation yes yes no no yes GPS yes yes no no no Material CsI / LiI NaI / GM / 3He GM plastic / 3He CZT / NaI / 3He / GM
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Car-based solutions
Canberra MOVERS ORTEC NaI−SS Thermo Fisher ARIS
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Capabilities (car based)
Properties Canberra Ortec Thermo Fisher Gamma yes yes yes Beta yes no no Neutron no yes yes GPS yes yes yes Dose yes yes yes Identifjcation no no yes Histogramming no yes ? Mapping yes yes yes Material plastic / GM NaI / 3He NaI / plastic / 3He Extra Weather Compact Modular
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What’s missing? Directional sensing
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searchengineland.com
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Grid search vs. Compass
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Faster Greater distance Less exposure
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ViDeO
Validation of an innovative handheld concept detector for gamma source location
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Specifjcations Gamma detection Dose / Intensity Histogramming / ID Mapping Directional sensing
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Design decisions Geometry Material Electronics
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Geometry
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Detection effjciency depends on angle of incidence
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Asymmetry
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Material
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Requirements Fast: High detection effjciency Histogramming: Good energy resolution Easy to use: Reliable and stable Scintillator (CeBr)
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Requirements Fast: High detection effjciency Histogramming: Good energy resolution Easy to use: Reliable and stable Scintillator (CeBr)
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Requirements Fast: High detection effjciency Histogramming: Good energy resolution Easy to use: Reliable and stable Scintillator (CeBr)
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Requirements Fast: High detection effjciency Histogramming: Good energy resolution Easy to use: Reliable and stable Scintillator (CeBr)
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Electronics Photo-multiplier tubes Ofg-the-shelf desktop digitizers with HV High quality GPS receiver Car battery as power source
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Electronics Photo-multiplier tubes Ofg-the-shelf desktop digitizers with HV High quality GPS receiver Car battery as power source
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Electronics Photo-multiplier tubes Ofg-the-shelf desktop digitizers with HV High quality GPS receiver Car battery as power source
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Electronics Photo-multiplier tubes Ofg-the-shelf desktop digitizers with HV High quality GPS receiver Car battery as power source
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ViDeO 1 prototype
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Software
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Histogramming Resolution ~3% at 662 keV
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Field Test 30 MBq gamma source at 10 m distance
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Field Test 2 300 MBq gamma source at 12 m minimum distance driving speed 30 km/h 5 seconds of exposure
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Field Test 2 300 MBq gamma source at 12 m minimum distance driving speed 30 km/h 5 seconds of exposure
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Field Test 2 300 MBq gamma source at 12 m minimum distance driving speed 30 km/h 5 seconds of exposure
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ViDeO results Basic concept validated More development needed
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ViDeO results Basic concept validated More development needed
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ViDeO 2
Refjne concept into a fjnished product Investigate new concept for a car-based detector
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ViDeO 2
Refjne concept into a fjnished product Investigate new concept for a car-based detector
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Main objectives Reduce system size Reduce system cost Improve usability
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Main objectives Reduce system size Reduce system cost Improve usability
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Main objectives Reduce system size Reduce system cost Improve usability
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Changes Tighter crystal geometry SiPM instead of PMT ASIC based electronics Integrated CPU + wireless
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Changes Tighter crystal geometry SiPM instead of PMT ASIC based electronics Integrated CPU + wireless
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Changes Tighter crystal geometry SiPM instead of PMT ASIC based electronics Integrated CPU + wireless
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Changes Tighter crystal geometry SiPM instead of PMT ASIC based electronics Integrated CPU + wireless
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New design study Dimensions: 20x20x16 ccm Weight: 2 kg Main control via external device
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Silicon Photomultipliers Much smaller than PMT assembly Low voltage and low power Similar energy resolution
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New readout electronics Up to 32 ch ASIC based readout (CITIROC) Integrated bias voltage for SiPM Raspberry Pi as readout controller 8h power supply via standard power bank
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LaBr3 background spectrum Four 16 pixel SiPM arrays (SensL B) 4.7% energy resolution without gain matching
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A scalable and reliable DAQ Linux based Each component (readout / analysis / output …) is independent Coupling via message passing interface (zeroMQ) -> data driven Monitoring / control using Linux systemd
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Detector simulator Example of modularity - same data as from real detector Allows quick testing of algorithms
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Current Status New electronics are working Waiting for new crystals Software is in progress
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Current Status New electronics are working Waiting for new crystals Software is in progress
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Current Status New electronics are working Waiting for new crystals Software is in progress
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Car based prototype
- ne of 3 arms complete
higher angular resolution higher sensitivity longer range
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Car based prototype
- ne of 3 arms complete
higher angular resolution higher sensitivity longer range
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Car based prototype
- ne of 3 arms complete
higher angular resolution higher sensitivity longer range
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Car based prototype
- ne of 3 arms complete
higher angular resolution higher sensitivity longer range
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Why develop this technology at GSI?
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Expertise Detector construction
Scintillators & HPGe
High resolution spectroscopy 3D position reconstruction
AGATA SiPM / Multi-anode PMTs
Fast timing with FPGA TDCs High count rate spectroscopy
Pile-up correction
Particle ID (neutron / gamma) Monte-Carlo simulation Data acquisition / analysis Electronics department Complex detector systems
DESPEC / R3B / CBM
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Sneak peak
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Multiple source detection So far only a single radiation source More complex Several concepts are being investigated
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Multiple source detection So far only a single radiation source More complex Several concepts are being investigated
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Multiple source detection So far only a single radiation source More complex Several concepts are being investigated
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RAPID Highly modular detection platform Scalable to demand Neutron & gamma detection Directional sensing Imaging Sensor fusion
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RAPID Highly modular detection platform Scalable to demand Neutron & gamma detection Directional sensing Imaging Sensor fusion
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RAPID Highly modular detection platform Scalable to demand Neutron & gamma detection Directional sensing Imaging Sensor fusion
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RAPID Highly modular detection platform Scalable to demand Neutron & gamma detection Directional sensing Imaging Sensor fusion
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RAPID Highly modular detection platform Scalable to demand Neutron & gamma detection Directional sensing Imaging Sensor fusion
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Closing remarks
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Summary Finding a dirty bomb means fjnding radiation Overview of available radiation fjnders We are adding direction sensing ViDeO 1 project successfully validated the concept ViDeO 2 aims at a fjnished product New concepts are evaluated for future systems
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Backup
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Asymmetry Pile-up correction
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LaBr3 detector and strong 60Co source Pile-up alters measured energies Subtraction of contribution from neighboring signals Ensures correct operation in strong radiation fjelds
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Position reconstruction Simulation of monolithic LaBr3 and SiPM pixels Reconstruction of z coordinate from light spread Allows to construct position sensitive detectors from large crystals
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Unsupervised particle ID CsI scintillator, mixed proton and gamma events Standard charge comparison -> detector dependent values Fuzzy clustering algorithm -> detector independent values Also investigated for neutron / gamma discrimination Allows effjcient calibration of neutron detectors
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Large array of large crystals High detection effjciency Position sensitive readout 3D position information Multiple source detection
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Large array of large crystals High detection effjciency Position sensitive readout 3D position information Multiple source detection
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Large array of large crystals High detection effjciency Position sensitive readout 3D position information Multiple source detection
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Large array of large crystals High detection effjciency Position sensitive readout 3D position information Multiple source detection
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Coded aperture Commonly used for gamma-ray telescopes Applicable for photons and neutrons Feasibility for MeV range photons Limited fjeld of view
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Coded aperture Commonly used for gamma-ray telescopes Applicable for photons and neutrons Feasibility for MeV range photons Limited fjeld of view
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Coded aperture Commonly used for gamma-ray telescopes Applicable for photons and neutrons Feasibility for MeV range photons Limited fjeld of view
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Coded aperture Commonly used for gamma-ray telescopes Applicable for photons and neutrons Feasibility for MeV range photons Limited fjeld of view
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Compton Camera Low effjciency due to coincidence condition High spatial resolution
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