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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B: What Hospitals Need to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Give birth to the end of Hep B Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B: What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns A resource for birthing institutions to prevent perinatal transmission Prepared by the Immunization Action Coalition (IAC)


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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Give birth to the end of Hep B

Hepatitis B: What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

A resource for birthing institutions to prevent perinatal transmission

Prepared by the Immunization Action Coalition (IAC)

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Agenda

I. Welcome and Agenda

Debra Blog, MD, MPH, Director of the Division of Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health

II. Disease Overview & Recommendations

Trudy V. Murphy, MD, Team Lead, Vaccine Research and Policy, Division

  • f Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB

Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

III. Case Study from Albany Medical Center

Lynn Pollock, RN, MSN, Perinatal Hepatitis B Coordinator, New York State Department of Health Mary Miller, RNC, Nurse Manager of Postpartum and Newborn Nursery, Albany Medical Center

  • IV. Overview of IAC’s Complete Guide to Implementation

Deborah Wexler, MD, Executive Director, Immunization Action Coalition

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Disease Overview & Recommendations

Trudy V. Murphy, MD

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Background on hepatitis B

  • Hepatitis B is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis B

virus (HBV).

  • HBV is found in the blood and other body fluids
  • f infected people (e.g., serum, semen, saliva, and

vaginal secretions).

  • An infant can acquire HBV from:
  • An infected mother (transmitted at birth)
  • A chronically infected member of the household

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection

HBV can cause acute or chronic infection. Chronic HBV infection can lead to liver failure and liver cancer.

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Acute HBV infection

(may be symptomatic

  • r asymptomatic)

Chronic HBV infection Resolved and immune (over years) Liver cirrhosis and cancer Resolved and immune

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Risk of developing chronic hepatitis B by age at infection

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Infant 1-5 Years > 5 years 90% 30% <5%

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Why a birth dose?

  • The primary goal of administering hepatitis B vaccine at

birth is to protect babies from chronic HBV infection, which can lead to liver failure and liver cancer.

  • Most morbidity and mortality from HBV-related liver

failure and liver cancer occurs in people with chronic HBV infection.

  • Treatment can decrease liver damage and the chance
  • f liver cancer, but there is no cure.
  • Many people with chronic HBV are not aware of their

infection and can unknowingly spread the infection.

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth?

  • Post-exposure prophylaxis of infants born to infected

mothers is 85-95% effective when started within 12 hours of birth.

  • Post-exposure prophylaxis: hepatitis B vaccine +

hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) at birth, completion of hepatitis B vaccine series, post- vaccination testing for outcomes.

  • Timing of the birth dose is critical to achieve the

highest rates of protection.

  • Hepatitis B vaccination starting at birth even without

HBIG will prevent transmission of the infection in 70- 95% of infants born to chronically infected mothers.

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

The Opportunity

  • Hospitals have an opportunity to protect the future

health of infants born in their facilities

  • Each year in the U.S., more than 24,000 infants are

born to mothers who are infected with HBV, and not all of their infants receive post-exposure prophylaxis.

  • Some infants are first exposed shortly after birth to

HBV by household members or caretakers who have chronic HBV infection.

  • Most infants can be protected if hospitals routinely

provide a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine to all newborn infants.

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Smith EA. Pediatrics 1012;129:609-616; MMWR 2005 ;57(RR-8):1-20

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

The Problem

  • Many infants in the United States are not receiving the

birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine.

  • Only 70% of U.S. infants received hepatitis B

vaccine within 3 days of birth.*

  • States’ coverage rates varied between 29% and

88%.*

  • There is room for improvement in protecting newborn

infants in every state.

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*Reference: Data from the July 2011-June 2012 National Immunization Survey, www.cdc.gov/vaccines/stats-surv/nis/data/tables_1112.htm

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Why should we give hepatitis B vaccine to all newborns?

  • Prevents mother-to-infant transmission: Prevents

70-95% of infection among infants born to HBsAg-positive women

  • Prevents household transmission: Protects infants

from infected family members and other caregivers

  • Protects when medical errors occur: Provides a safety

net to prevent perinatal HBV infection when medical errors occur

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Why is a safety net needed?

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Because medical errors happen!

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Types of medical errors reported

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  • Ordering the wrong hepatitis B screening test
  • Misinterpreting or mis-transcribing the hepatitis B test

results

  • Failing to communicate the HBsAg test results to or

within the hospital

  • Not giving hepatitis B vaccine to infants born to

mothers of unknown HBsAg status within 12 hours

  • f birth
  • Not giving prophylaxis to an infant even when the

mother’s HBsAg-positive status is documented

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Because of these types of errors, children are chronically infected with hepatitis B (HBV)

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A universal hepatitis B vaccine birth dose policy helps to protect newborn infants from human error and resulting chronic HBV infection which can cause serious liver disease.

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

All birthing hospitals should:

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  • 1. Implement policies and procedures to administer the

recommended universal hepatitis B vaccine birth dose, ensuring that every newborn infant receives hepatitis B vaccine at birth, or no later than hospital discharge, regardless of the mother’s HBsAg test result.

  • 2. Implement standing orders for administration of

hepatitis B vaccine as part of routine medical care of all medically stable infants weighing >2,000 g at birth

  • 3. Follow national recommendations for prophylaxis of all

newborn infants born to women with HBsAg-positive test results, and all infants born to women whose HBsAg status is unknown

Reference: MMWR 2005;54(RR-16) www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5416.pdf

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

All birthing hospitals should also:

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  • 4. Ensure that a copy of the original laboratory report from

the mother’s HBsAg screening test is placed in the infant’s medical record

  • 5. Educate staff and parents about the importance of

administering the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine in the hospital or birthing facility, not delaying it until after discharge.

Only in rare circumstances, and on a case-by-case basis, should the first dose be delayed until after discharge. Such a delay should be considered only for an infant who weighs ≥2,000 grams and whose mother is HBsAg negative during this pregnancy. If the first dose is delayed, then a physician’s order to withhold the dose should be placed in the infant’s medical record along with a copy of the mother’s original laboratory report demonstrating that she was HBsAg negative during this pregnancy. Reference: MMWR 2005;54(RR-16) www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5416.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Hepatitis B birth dose is recommended by ACIP, AAP, AAFP, and ACOG

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“Administer monovalent Hep B vaccine to all newborns before hospital discharge.”

Reference: MMWR Supplement. February 1, 2

  • 013. Vol. 62.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0 Through 18 Years and Adults Aged 19 Years and Older – United States, 2013. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6201.pdf

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Birth Dose Coverage: National Quality Forum (NQF) Measure 0475

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  • NQF measure 0475 endorsed on 4/2/2012
  • Recommends that hospitals measure and report the

“percent of live newborn infants that receive hepatitis B vaccination before discharge at each single hospital / birthing facility during given time period (one year),” excluding infants whose parents refuse vaccination.

  • Calculation of measure programmed (e-specified) for

electronic medical records; undergoing pilot testing with release expected in 2013.

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Summary

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Birthing facilities play a critical role in preventing chronic hepatitis B infections through timely initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis, and by creating a birth dose safety net for eliminating perinatal hepatitis B transmission. The most important steps for birthing facilities to take are:

  • Implement a universal birth dose policy
  • Ensure universal review of the original maternal HBsAg test results
  • Implement standard admission orders for timely administration of

hepatitis B vaccine to all newborn infants

  • Follow national recommendations for prophylaxis of newborn infants
  • Infants born to women with HBsAg-positive test results and
  • Infants born to women whose HBsAg status is unknown

Complete 2005 ACIP Recommendations are available at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5416.pdf

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Case Study from Albany Medical Center

Lynn Pollock, RN, MSN, and Mary Miller, RNC

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Overview of Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Efforts in New York State

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1999 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2010 -11 2012

ACIP recommends universal birth dose Lot Quality Assurance monitoring began

1990 1993

Survey of hospitals shows cost barrier Hospital birth dose initiative began Commissioner letter Birthing hospital survey AAP and PHS express concern about thimerosal in vaccines Best Practices Interviews NYS PHL 2500-e enacted NQF endorsement

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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Establishes the “standard of care” in the state to administer universal hepatitis B birth dose within 12 hours of birth to all medically stable newborns ≥2000 grams.

2006 NYSDOH Commissioner’s Letter

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • Hepatitis B Perinatal prevention program goal
  • Eliminate transmission of hepatitis B
  • Greater than or equal to 90%
  • Introduced in NYS October 2003
  • All NYS hospitals outside NYC were enrolled by 2008
  • Provides hepatitis B vaccine at no cost to hospitals

(60% state funded)

  • All hospitals must be enrolled in VFC Program

Universal Birth Dose Initiative

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • Hospital adopts a universal birth dose policy
  • Hospital must have a hepatitis B birth dose

standing order in place stating that all newborns, regardless of maternal HBsAg status, individual provider preference or infant’s insurance status, will be offered hepatitis B vaccine

  • Parental consent is obtained as per NYS law (may be

written or documented verbal)

Universal Birth Dose Initiative (cont.)

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

NYSDOH Hepatitis B Birth Dose Rates - 90% Healthy People Goal*

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 NYS Goal NYS Rate/facility Albany Medical Center

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* Objective IID-7.9 www.healthypeople.gov

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

NYSDOH Newborn Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine

  • Albany Medical Center is a 631-bed hospital,

increasing to 714 by the end of 2013

  • More than 35,000 admissions expected in 2013
  • From 2001 to 2012, hospitalized patients have

increased by 42%

  • 8,500 transfers of patients to Albany Med from other

hospitals in 2012

  • There are approximately 2,100 deliveries at Albany

Medical Center’s Birthplace each year

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • Albany Medical Center is the only academic health

center in northeastern New York.

  • We deliver unique and critical services that our

patients, physicians and community hospitals rely on around the clock every day.

  • Albany Med reaches more than three million people in

northeastern New York and western New England.

NYSDOH Newborn Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Transport and Transfers

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Previous implementation of the birth dose at Albany Medical Center

  • In the past, Albany Med attempted to meet the goal of

the universal newborn dose of hepatitis B vaccine on all newborns within 12 hours of admission.

  • Post-partum staff asked patients during their

admission if they wanted their newborn to receive hepatitis B vaccine.

  • The vaccine was administered when the mother gave

consent.

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • BARRIERS: When patients are transferred to the post-

partum unit, they are screened for multiple parameters: HIV status, blood type, Rhogam status, rubella status, influenza, Tdap and pneumococcal vaccine.

  • Screening for the newborn hepatitis B vaccine relied
  • n individual nurse screening prior to discharge.

Challenges resulting in poor implementation

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • In 2009, Albany Med initiated the Baby Nurse

program.

  • Postpartum RNs attend all births in labor and delivery

(L&D), completing newborn care from birth to transfer to the postpartum unit.

  • This process took approximately one year to orient

staff for 24/7 availability.

  • These mother-baby staff started discussing the

hepatitis B vaccine birth dose with the parents in L&D and most agreed to the vaccine.

A process change improved implementation!

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • By asking parents in L&D, more parents accepted the

birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine.

  • Discussing the newborn, separate from maternal

screening, gave the couple time to make a decision for their newborn.

  • Having a mother-baby nurse dedicated to infant care

in L&D facilitates administration of the vaccine prior to the newborn’s admission to the term nursery.

Why it worked!

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

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Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Albany Medical Center

  • The NICU is currently a 50-bed unit, but will move to the

new Patient Tower this fall and will have 60 private rooms.

  • The NICU has approximately 800 admissions annually.
  • About 1/3 of these admissions are transported from
  • ther hospitals or admitted from our ED.
  • About 2/3 of the admissions are born at Albany Med.
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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • The RNs give the CDC vaccine information sheet to the

parents to review.

  • Documentation is completed in the electronic medical

record that parents have received the vaccine information sheet.

  • The medical providers are available to discuss the

importance of the vaccine with the parents and answer any questions.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Albany Medical Center

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Albany Medical Center

  • The medical team discusses in rounds

when the infant is eligible for the vaccine.

  • Parents give a verbal consent to

administer the vaccine.

  • An order is written to administer the

vaccine, which is given by an RN.

  • Documentation of the vaccination and

the lot number is recorded in the electronic medical record and the Children's Hospital immunization record for the parents.

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Hepatitis B Vaccine at Albany Medical Center

  • Education with parents by the RN and medical

provider allows families to make informed decisions about the health and welfare of their infant.

  • Thank you to the nurses who make this possible. Their

vigilance in assuring that all newborns are immunized against hepatitis B is what has helped Albany Med achieve great success in decreasing the transmission

  • f hepatitis B.
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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

An initiative to eliminate hepatitis B virus infection in the U.S. through the prevention of perinatal transmission

Deborah L. Wexler, MD

Give birth to the end of Hep B

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • “Hepatitis B: What

Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns”  a comprehensive guide

  • Hepatitis B Birth Dose

Honor Roll

Two Tools for Promoting the Hepatitis B Birth Dose

www.immunize.org/protect- newborns

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Hepatitis B: What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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Reviewed and endorsed by

  • American Academy of Family

Physicians

  • American Academy of Pediatrics
  • American College of Obstetricians

and Gynecologists

  • Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide/endorsements.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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  • 1. Preventing Hepatitis B in

Newborns: What’s Needed

  • 2. Reducing Medical Errors: Case

Reports

  • 3. Addressing the Problem:

Practical Tools

  • 4. Obtaining Support: Helpful

Contacts

  • 5. Appendix: Authoritative

Resources

Birth Dose Guidebook Sections

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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  • 1. Executive Summary  What Hospitals

Need to Do to Protect Newborns

  • 2. National Quality Forum (NQF) has

established newborn hepatitis B vaccination as a national standard for measurement by healthcare settings

Chapter 1. Preventing Hepatitis B in Newborns: What’s Needed

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide/chapter1/whats-needed.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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  • 1. States Reports Hundreds of Medical Errors in

Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention

  • 2. Unprotected Infant Dies of Fulminant Hepatitis B
  • 3. Medical Errors Put Infants at Risk for Chronic

Hepatitis B Virus Infection – Six Case Reports

  • 4. Two More Infants Chronically Infected with

Hepatitis B Virus. . . the Medical Errors Continue

  • 5. Give the Birth Dose. . .Hepatitis B Vaccine at Birth

Saves Lives!

Chapter 2. Reducing Medical Errors: Case Reports

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide/chapter2/case-reports.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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  • Guidance for Developing Admission Orders in Labor &

Delivery and Newborn Units to Prevent Hepatitis B Virus Transmission

  • Sample Text for Developing Admission Orders in

Newborn Units for the Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth Dose

Chapter 3. Addressing the Problem: Practical Tools for Hospitals

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide/chapter3/practical-tools.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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Sample Text for Developing Admission Orders in Newborn Units for the Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth Dose

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide/chapter3/admission-orders.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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  • About Hepatitis B Vaccine Information Statements
  • English-language Hepatitis B VIS
  • Spanish-language Hepatitis B VIS
  • Hepatitis B Shots Are Recommended for All New Babies
  • Childhood Immunization Records Cards

Chapter 3. Addressing the Problem: Practical Tools for Parents

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide/chapter3/practical-tools.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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Hepatitis B Shots Are Recommended for All New Babies

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide/chapter3/parent-handout.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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  • 1. Your State or Local Perinatal Hepatitis B

Coordinator Can Help Implement the Hepatitis B Birth Dose

  • 2. How the Vaccines For Children (VFC)

Program Can Help Your Hospital

Chapter 4. Obtaining Support: Helpful Contacts

www.immunize.org/protect-newborns/guide/chapter4/helpful-contacts.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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  • CDC Recommendations:

A Comprehensive Immunization Strategy to Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States, MMWR, December 23, 2005, Vol. 54(RR16)

  • Gaps in Hospital Policies and Practices

to Prevent Perinatal Transmission – Pediatrics, April 2010, Vol. 125 (4)

  • Additional Resources
  • Appendix. Authoritative Resources

www.immunize.org/protect- newborns/guide/appendix/authoritative-resources.pdf

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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The guidebook includes a reprint of the official CDC recommendations with highlighting of crucial points about the birth dose

CDC Hepatitis B Recommendations with Highlighting

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

IAC’s Hepatitis B Birth Dose Honor Roll

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Recognizes hospitals and birthing centers that have attained 90% or greater coverage rates for administering hepatitis B vaccine at birth.

www.immunize.org/honor-roll/birthdose

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Criteria for Birth Dose Honor Roll

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  • At least 90% of babies (weighing 2,000 grams
  • r more) born during a 12-month period

receive hepatitis B vaccine prior to discharge.

  • Written policies, procedures, and protocols for

implementing the universal hepatitis B vaccine birth dose are in place and include the following:

  • Parents are informed about the importance of

the hepatitis B vaccine birth dose and that it is recommended for all newborns.

  • All infants routinely receive hepatitis B vaccine

before discharge.

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Criteria for Birth Dose Honor Roll – cont.

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  • Staff review the HBsAg test result on all women admitted to L&D. It

is recommended to review a copy of the original test report if at all possible.

  • If HBsAg test result is not on chart, it is ordered ASAP.
  • Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers receive hepatitis B vaccine

and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of birth.

  • Infants born to mothers whose HBsAg status is unknown receive

hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth, and also receive HBIG within 12 hours of birth if they weigh less than 2,000 grams.

  • Newborn admission orders include a standing order to administer

hepatitis B vaccine to all infants.

  • Notification of the state or local health department’s perinatal

hepatitis B prevention program is done prior to discharge for all mothers whose HBsAg test result is positive.

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Enrollment into the Honor Roll

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  • Applications at www.immunize.org/honor-roll/birthdose
  • Review by IAC
  • Notification of acceptance
  • Certificate of enrollment
  • Placement on Birth Dose Honor Roll web page
  • Recognition in IAC Express

www.immunize.org/subscribe

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Birth Dose Honor Roll Certificate

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

What You Can Do

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  • Download the guidebook, Hepatitis B: What Hospitals

Need to Do to Protect Newborns www.immunize.org/protect-newborns

  • Share the guide with hospitals and birthing centers to

help them improve birth dose coverage rates

  • Distribute the handout “Give birth to the end of

Hep B,” to educate others about the importance of the hepatitis B birth dose

  • Apply for enrollment into the Birth Dose Honor Roll

www.immunize.org/honor-roll/birthdose

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Promoting the Birth Dose

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www.immunize.org/protect-newborns

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What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

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Safety Net

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Give birth to the end of Hep B Hepatitis B

What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns

Thank You for Your Attention!

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The webinar’s slide set and recording will be available on IAC’s website in the next few days. For more information, please visit: www.immunize.org/protect-newborns Questions about Give birth to the end of Hep B? Email birthdose@immunize.org