Genes, Environment, & Gene-Environment Interplay The Future - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Genes, Environment, & Gene-Environment Interplay The Future of Mental Health Treatment? Christopher P Monceaux , Master of Biomedical Sciences Counseling Psychology Graduate Student, LSU in Shreveport Email: monceauxc49@lsus.edu
Christopher P Monceaux, Master of Biomedical Sciences Counseling Psychology Graduate Student, LSU in Shreveport Email: monceauxc49@lsus.edu Meredith Nelson, PhD, LPC, LMFT, NCC Associate Professor, LSU in Shreveport Email: mnelson@lsus.edu Louisiana Counseling Association 2013 Conference September 17, 2013
Biology of Mental Health Environmental Effects on
Gene-Environment Interplay Mental Health Treatment
http://psychcentral.com/news/u/2010/06/dna-man-abstract.jpg
DNA RNA Protein What is a gene?
“Heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of a chromosome” (Alberts et al., 2002, p. G:23).
What causes changes in the DNA sequence?
Spontaneous changes of bases
Reactive metabolites
Environmental chemicals
UV radiation
Recombination
http://mthfr.net/mthfr-mutations-and-the-conditions-they-cause/2011/09/07/
Genetic mutations and dysfunctional cellular signaling play some role in the etiology of disorders
Schizophrenia
ADHD
Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders & PTSD
The genetic and signaling components of mental health
genes and signaling pathways.
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2010/05/10/schizophrenia-shares-genetic- links-with-autism-genome-study-shows/
Three categories (Brendgen et al., 2009; Rutter, Moffitt, & Caspi,
Interaction between specific genes and environment (GXE)
Epigenetics
Gene-environment correlations (rGE)
Works via three mechanisms (Brendgen et al., 2009)
Diathesis-stress
Compensation
Control Evidence/Examples
Anxiety and depressive disorders (Petersen et al., 2012)
Schizophrenia (van Winkel et al., 2010)
DNARNAProtein Regulations above the level
Exposure to certain
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/772252_5
DNA RNA transcript mRNA mRNA Inactive mRNA protein Inactive protein
Control
1 2 3 4 5 6
Nucleus Cytoplasm
Three types:
Passive, Active, & Evocative (Rutter, Moffitt, & Caspi, 2006)
Parent’s Genes Individual’s Genes Exposure to Particular Environments
Different types of gene-
Example
Peer acceptance/rejection and depressive behavior (Brendgen et al., 2009)
Genetics Environment Gene-environment
http://cognitive-edge.com/blog/entry/5873/cynefin-strategy-building-resilience/
Main clinical benefit will likely be from an understanding of the biological pathways of the interactions (Rutter, 2010).
Once understood, drug treatments could be used for environmentally insensitive individuals and psychotherapy used for environmentally sensitive individuals (Rutter, 2010).
Understanding the form of gene- environment interplay at work in a disorder could help pick prevention and intervention strategies (Jaffee & Price, 2007).
Overall, will help to further tailor the treatment to each individual.
http://www.prevention.com/health/healthy-living/dna-testing-genetic-diseases
Fatalism Privacy and confidentiality Environmental conditions
Epigenetics is not “all or
Depends on many factors,
Changeable
http://www.proginosko.com/2013/01/the-most-important-question/
NIMH Research Domain Criteria
“facilitate translation of modern molecular biology, neuroscience, and behavioral approaches toward explicating the pathophysiology of disorders (Cuthbert & Insel, p. 1062)”
http://www.ipgcounseling.com/blogs/margie-nichols/dsm-and-nimh- why-insel-got-it-right-and-what-it-means-sexology
Both genes and the environment play an important role in
One mechanism by which this may take place is gene-
Interplay can occur in different forms that may often be at work
Learning more about these interactions could lead to the
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