GATHERING KNOWLEDGE FROM SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

GATHERING KNOWLEDGE FROM SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS

Validation of an Anticipatory Standard

René Peinl, Lars Hetmank, Markus Bick, Stefan Thalmann, Paul Kruse, Jan M. Pawlowski, Ronald Maier, Isabella Seeber

Current Team

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Situation

• Enhanced intensity of knowledge along

the entire value chain concerning processes, products and services

• Specialization of organizations regarding

their core competencies [Gran96]; [RoFi97]; [Svei98]

• Customer innovation, co-creation, open

innovation

• Shorter time-to-market as well as time-
• n-market [Gahl91]; [Stau92]; [Sydo92];

[Bron93]; [Font96] à Necessity for cooperative work

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Knowledge Transfer Challenge

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Document storage Metadata storage

V.1 V.2 V.3

<creator>Muster</creator> <date>11-01-2006</date>

Enterprise Knowledge Infrastructure A

Linked

User desktop B1 Document Storage Metadata storage

V.1 V.2 V.3

<creator>Muster</creator> <date>11-01-2006</date>

Enterprise Knowledge Infrastructure B

Linked

Knowledge intensive Cooperation Partner A Partner B

1 1 2

Static, linear knowledge elements with Static, linear knowladge elements without

transfer User desktop Bn User desktop A1 User desktop An

Motivation

• foster knowledge exchange

between social environments

• increase the

understandability of knowledge objects through enriched contextual information

• support integration between

diverse social software tools and knowledge management systems

• better representation of

social aspects of knowledge work

Knowledge Object Perspective Knowledge Worker Perspective Knowledge Process Perspective Knowledge Trace

Knowledge Bundle Knowledge Activity Stream Knowledge Activity

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Peinl, R., Thalmann, S., Hetmank, L., Kruse, P., Seeber, I., Pawlowski, J.M., Bick, M., Maier, R., Schoop, E.: Manifesto for a Standard on Knowledge Exchange in Social Knowledge Management

• Environments. 13th European Conference on Knowledge Management (ECKM) Cartagena (2012).

Concepts

New Concepts Description Knowledge Activity (KA) Goal directed actions within a user's context Knowledge Activity Stream (KAS) Time-ordered list of knowledge activities (user-centric perspective) Knowledge Trace (KT) Codified representation of a user's action that captures contextual information Contextual Information Information, e.g. time, place, actions performed on knowledge objects as well as related people and their skills Knowledge Object (KO) Codified knowledge of externalized knowledge (e.g. paragraphs, tables, figures, mind maps) Knowledge Bundle (KB) Collection of knowledge traces that are affiliated to a knowledge object (object-centric perspective) Knowledge Container (KC) A set of knowledge objects and their corresponding knowledge bundles

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Bick, M., Hetmank, L., Kruse, P., Maier, R., Pawlowski, J.M., Peinl, R., Schoop, E., Seeber, I., Thalmann, S.: Manifesto for a Standard on Meaningful Representations of Knowledge in Social Knowledge Management Environments. Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik (MKWI). Braunschweig (2012).

Proposed KM Ontology

person skill

verb duration keyword rights subClassOf

community

activityState partOf partOf latitude longitude city description actor affiliated alumniOf published updated worksFor hasSkill memberOf hasProvider

system license

• rganization

action location topic state

knows dependsOn hasAction actor creator

knowledge

• bject

knowledge trace

workLocation

knowledge worker

homeLocation dtStart dtEnd hasGenerator

hasLocation

target colleague isBossOf

knowledge activity

name title

knowledge bundle

consistsOf consistsOf

knowledge activity stream

dateAdded readTimes hasGenerator contributor rights technical requirements

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Thalmann, S., Peinl, R., Hetmank, L., Kruse, P., Seeber, I., Maier, R., Pawlowski, J.M., Bick, M.: Manifesto for an Ontology-based Standard on Knowledge Exchange in Social Knowledge Management Environments. 12th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies (iKNOW). Graz (2012).

Architectural View of the KC*

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ZIP container manifest.rdf meta.xml meta.owl content.xml styles.xml table of files together with file content types existing meta data in xml format new, additional meta data in OWL format contents, depending on type (odt, odp, …) styles and formatting * based on OpenDocument file formats

Technical Implementation

• Builds on existing standards, such as FOAF, schema.org,

microformats, activitystrea.ms, LOM, SCORM, IMS LD, DC, MARC-21, TV-Anytime, MPEG7, UICO, TMO, UTO, ATOM, CAM, DITA, SIOC, Proton, HR XML, WS BPEL

• activitystrea.ms standard served as a role model

(actor, object, target)

• Mapped own classes to elements of existing standards

using the OWL equivalentClass concept

• Instances conform to RDF/XML and references an OWL
• ntology
• 18 classes, 30 object properties, and 15 data properties

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OWL Ontology in Protége

!

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Initial Validation

• Used assessment perspectives of the reference model

analysis grid (RMAG)

• suitability, conceptual support, tools, development and

maintenance of further models and standards, business and management, dependence, openness, expressive power, completeness, technical interoperability, understandability, coherence and non-redundancy

• Ontology characteristics:
• Attribute richness AR=0.83
• Relationship richness IR=0.88

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Scenario-based Evaluation

Detailed scenarios are constructed to demonstrate the utility of the ontology as a first proof-of concept

• Scenario 1: illustrates the activity of finding new product ideas
• Scenario 2: illustrates the activity of developing a research idea

collaboratively to achieve a common goal

• Scenario 3: illustrates the activity of creating a software

specification and project proposal based on a requirement document

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Lessons Learned #1

Aspects Lessons Learned Versioning RDF does not adequately support version control of different knowledge containers. Heterogeneous identifiers Identifiers other than URI have to be stored in a separate variable or aligned to the URN scheme. Human readability Human readability of the knowledge container may be restricted under the use of RDF. Integration of existing standards The integration of the various standards in a unified KM standard is challenging as their underlying schemes (XML Schema, RDF Schema, OWL, HTMLmicrodata) differ significantly. Filter mechanisms Filter mechanisms are required to address the specific needs of the knowledge worker.

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Lessons Learned #2

Aspects Lessons Learned Aggregation Different levels of KT aggregations are needed to

• vercome information overload.

Assigning KT to KO Not all KT may be automatically assigned to its corresponding KO. KM appropriateness Current standards do not adequately focus on specific aspects of KM. Handling of nested KO Future software applications have to consider the KT of referenced, linked and nested KOs sufficiently. Modeling of RDF containers in OWL OWL enforces flat structures, whereas XML and RDF allow encapsulating similar elements in a container.

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Conclusion and Next Steps

• our lessons learned show several deficits that should be

addressed in future versions of the ontology

• start a standardization process towards a broad

consensus that takes relevant stakeholders into account

• increase the semantics of our ontology by introducing a

common shared set of object and action types represented as OWL individuals

• further evaluation and refinement of the ontology

through expert interviews, use cases, and prototype development

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Contact

René Peinl rene.peinl@hof-university.de Lars Hetmank lars.hetmank@tu- dresden.de Markus Bick mbick@escpeurope.eu Stefan Thalmann stefan.thalmann@uibk.ac.at

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Paul Kruse paul.kruse@tu-dresden.de Jan M. Pawlowski jan.pawlowski@jyu.fi Ronald Maier ronald.maier@uibk.ac.at Isabella Seeber isabella.seeber@uibk.ac.at