from Physics Education Research Sahana Murthy and Anura Kenkre - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Effective teaching-learning strategies from Physics Education Research Sahana Murthy and Anura Kenkre Inter-Disciplinary Program in Educational Technology IIT Bombay Refresher Course in Statistical Physics, Mumbai University November 14, 2013


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Effective teaching-learning strategies from Physics Education Research

Sahana Murthy and Anura Kenkre Inter-Disciplinary Program in Educational Technology IIT Bombay

Refresher Course in Statistical Physics, Mumbai University November 14, 2013

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SLIDE 2
  • Nov. 14, 2013

2 RC2013

  • Nov. 13. 2013

2 RC2013

Recall Homework!

  • Choose a partner.
  • Choose a topic.
  • In your chosen topic, write a peer-instruction question for one
  • f the goals below.
  • 1. Survey students to determine background or opinions
  • 2. Check recall of lecture point
  • 3. Test conceptual understanding (reason logically through a

problem, using words, diagrams, relationships)

  • 4. Relate different representations
  • 5. Predict results of lecture demo, experiment, simulation, or

algorithm (describe an experiment, ask students to predict the result, then show the demo or video).

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SLIDE 3
  • Nov. 14, 2013

3 RC2013

  • Nov. 13. 2013

3 RC2013

Questions from yesterday.

I liked the Peer Instruction technique. It makes the class

  • interactive. I am also convinced that students’ conceptual

understanding will improve. But … They do not need to solve such problems for the exam! The exam only asks them derivations and ‘write short notes on …’ Can you complete the syllabus if you do Peer Instruction and

  • ther group problem-solving activities?
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SLIDE 4
  • Nov. 14, 2013

4 RC2013

What do we want our students to learn?

  • Content (of course)

not just info, but also - how does it all fit together, hierarchy of concepts

  • Abilities / skills

complex problem solving, designing experiments, making predictions, how to check solutions

  • Attitudes

where do formulae come from, what is the purpose of science, what to do if problem is difficult

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SLIDE 5
  • Nov. 14, 2013

5 RC2013

How do we know if students learn this?

Via assessments - tests, viva, etc

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SLIDE 6
  • Nov. 14, 2013

6 RC2013

Scenario

What teacher did?-

  • I explained how to solve

simultaneous linear eqns.

  • I solved example problems

where simultaneous linear

  • eqns. were given and I used

two different methods to solve them, What student did?

  • Students studied procedure
  • f solving sim. linear eqns.
  • Practiced solving number of

problems given sim. eqns, using both methods. A word problem involving simultaneous linear eqns was

  • given. Students were supposed to

write the two eqns and solve it. Result What were exam questions? Most of the students not able to solve this problem. Students unhappy. Teachers unhappy.

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SLIDE 7
  • Nov. 14, 2013

7 RC2013

Students’ comment

The question was out of syllabus we have not done such problems in the classroom

Instructor’s comment

The question is simple since students know how to solve simultaneous eqns. They just have to write the equations, apply the procedure and solve.

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SLIDE 8
  • Nov. 14, 2013

8 RC2013

Both are right, but what went wrong?

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SLIDE 9
  • Nov. 14, 2013

9 RC2013

From syllabus … to learning objectives

Today’s class Content from syllabus On completion of this class, the student will be able to: Section 2.3 from textbook Linear equations Slope, y-intercept, simultaneous equations, graphs, methods of solution Give an example of a linear equation in two variables. Interpret the meaning of m and c in y=mx+c. Solve eqns graphically Formulate and solve word problems related to sim eqn

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SLIDE 10
  • Nov. 14, 2013

10 RC2013

What is a Learning Objective?

Your goals should reflect what you value in student learning Often, students never know what your goals are!

  • Definition: Indicates specific measurable performance
  • utcome of learner
  • Operationally: What students should be able to do

after completing a course/ lecture/ topic/ workshop …

  • Requirement: Must be measurable

 assessment and goals tightly linked

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SLIDE 11
  • Nov. 14, 2013

11 RC2013

What is a learning objective?

Recall examples – On completion of this class, the student will be able to:

  • Give an example of a linear equation in two variables.
  • Interpret the meaning of m and c in y=mx+c.
  • Solve graphically the equations given by x+y=2, x-y = 4

. Indicates specific measurable performance outcome of learner

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SLIDE 12
  • Nov. 14, 2013

12 RC2013

Learning objectives will help you answer the questions:

  • What skills, knowledge and attitudes do you want students to

develop?

  • How will you structure the content of your material?
  • What resources and strategies will you use?
  • How will you assess the students’ learning?

Learning: systematic process Teaching: systematic process Assessment: Clear, fair, accurate

Why learning objectives?

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SLIDE 13
  • Nov. 14, 2013

13 RC2013

Learning objectives of this session

  • Define a learning objective.
  • Explain the need for learning objectives.
  • Distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate learning
  • bjectives.
  • Write learning objectives in a given topic
  • List the hierarchy of cognitive levels
  • Create questions in various cognitive levels
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SLIDE 14
  • Nov. 14, 2013

14 RC2013

Constructing learning objectives

Understand linear eqns Appreciate graphs Know simultaneous eqns Internalize a sense of confidence Lecture on substitution method Arrange field trips Indicates specific measurable performance outcome of learner Are these learning

  • bjectives?
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SLIDE 15
  • Nov. 14, 2013

15 RC2013

DON’T Instead DO Need to be

Understand linear eqns Appreciate graphs Know simultaneous eqns Internalize a sense of confidence Formulate using “action” verbs: identify, list, describe, explain, solve, analyze, design, compare Specific and measurable Lecture on substitution method Arrange field trips The student will be able to … Concerned with learner

Constructing learning objectives

Indicates specific measurable performance outcome of learner

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SLIDE 16
  • Nov. 14, 2013

16 RC2013

Pair Activity

Suppose this is the first class you are teaching in the topic of probability for BSc students. Write two learning objectives. Share with the pair in front /behind you. SELF ASSESSMENT Start with: The student should be able to … Did you use action verbs? (avoid understand/know)

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SLIDE 17
  • Nov. 14, 2013

17 RC2013

Learning objectives of this session

  • Define a learning objective.
  • Explain the need for learning objectives.
  • Distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate learning
  • bjectives.
  • Write learning objectives in a given topic
  • List the hierarchy of cognitive levels
  • Create questions in various cognitive levels
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SLIDE 18
  • Nov. 14, 2013

18 RC2013

Are all learning objectives created equal?

Define slope Give an example of a linear equation in two variables. Interpret the meaning of m and c in y=mx+c. Calculate the value of x in the equation: x-3 = 5 Solve graphically the equations given by x+y=2, x-y = 4.

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SLIDE 19
  • Nov. 14, 2013

19 RC2013

Taxonomy of learning objectives (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

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SLIDE 20
  • Nov. 14, 2013

20 RC2013

Pair activity

1) Choose a partner 2) Choose a topic that you both teach

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SLIDE 21
  • Nov. 14, 2013

21 RC2013

Hierarchy of cognitive levels

Level Description Action verbs

Recall Recognize, recall facts define, identify

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SLIDE 22
  • Nov. 14, 2013

22 RC2013

Recall level questions – recognize, remember, define, list

Retrieve relevant knowledge from long term memory Example:

  • Define a linear equation.

Expected answer: A linear equation is an algebraic equation in which each term is either a constant or the product of a constant and the first power of a single variable.

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SLIDE 23
  • Nov. 14, 2013

23 RC2013

Hierarchy of cognitive levels

Level Description Action verbs

Understand Grasp meaning, explain, interpret, translate, paraphrase describe, explain, give example Recall Recognize, recall facts define, identify

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SLIDE 24
  • Nov. 14, 2013

24 RC2013

Construct meaning from instructional messages, including

  • ral, written and graphic communication

Example 1: Explain why is y=mx+c called a ‘linear’ equation. Example 2: Identify the slope and the y-intercept in the linear equation 3y = 2x - 6

Understand level questions – explain, interpret, translate, paraphrase

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SLIDE 25
  • Nov. 14, 2013

25 RC2013

Pair activity

1) Choose a partner 2) Choose a topic that both teach Within your chosen topic: 3) Write one question in Recall level 4) Write one question in Understand level

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SLIDE 26
  • Nov. 14, 2013

26 RC2013

Hierarchy of cognitive levels

Level Description Action verbs

Apply Use knowledge in a new situation. Involves rules, methods, laws, principles Apply, calculate, solve, predict Understand Grasp meaning, explain, interpret, translate, paraphrase describe, explain, give example Recall Recognize, recall facts define, identify

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SLIDE 27
  • Nov. 14, 2013

27 RC2013

Apply level questions - calculate, solve, compute, prepare

Carry out a procedure or apply knowledge in a new situation. Involves rules, methods, laws, principles Example 1: Solve for the values of x and y which satisfy : 3y = 2x -6 x^2 + y = 6 Example 2: Calculate the slope and y-intercept of the straight line shown below.

(2,0) (0,4)

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SLIDE 28
  • Nov. 14, 2013

28 RC2013

Hierarchy of cognitive levels

Level Description Action verbs

Analyze Separate whole into parts until structure

  • f whole and relationship between parts

is clear. analyze, infer examine, dissect ascertain, Apply Use knowledge in a new situation. Involves rules, methods, laws, principles Apply, calculate, solve, predict Understand Grasp meaning, explain, interpret, translate, paraphrase describe, explain, give example Recall Recognize, recall facts define, identify

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SLIDE 29
  • Nov. 14, 2013

29 RC2013

Analyse level questions – analyze, infer, examine, dissect, prove

Break into parts, separate whole into parts until structure of whole and relationship between parts is clear. A multiplex sold 500 tickets in a day. Adult tickets cost Rs 200, children's cost Rs 150. A total of Rs 95000 was collected. Calculate many tickets of each kind were sold. WHY IS THIS AN ANALYZE LEVEL QUESTION?

  • Recognize that this problem can be solved using simultaneous equations.
  • Then identify what they variables are (adult tkt price, child tkt price).
  • Set up the simultaneous equations.
  • Solve.
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SLIDE 30
  • Nov. 14, 2013

30 RC2013

Pair activity

1) Choose a partner 2) Choose a topic that both teach Within your chosen topic: 3) Write one question in Recall level 4) Write one question in Understand level 5) Write one question in Apply level 6) Write one question in Analyze level

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SLIDE 31
  • Nov. 14, 2013

31 RC2013

Hierarchy of cognitive levels

Level Description Action verbs

Evaluate Judge value based on criteria, decision making. assess, conclude, contrast, evaluate Analyze Separate whole into parts until structure

  • f whole and relationship between parts

is clear. analyze, infer examine, dissect ascertain, Apply Use knowledge in a new situation. Involves rules, methods, laws, principles Apply, calculate, solve, predict Understand Grasp meaning, explain, interpret, translate, paraphrase describe, explain, give example Recall Recognize, recall facts define, identify

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SLIDE 32
  • Nov. 14, 2013

32 RC2013

Judge value based on criteria, make decisions Example: You have learnt several methods to solve simultaneous linear equations: elimination, substitution, graphical etc. Decide which method is easier to use. Justify your choice.

Evaluate level questions – contrast, compare, evaluate, decide

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SLIDE 33
  • Nov. 14, 2013

33 RC2013

Hierarchy of cognitive levels

Level Description Action verbs

Create Combine parts to make (new) whole, creative behaviours, propose plans design, combine, devise, modify Evaluate Judge value based on criteria, decision making. assess, conclude, contrast, evaluate Analyze Separate whole into parts until structure

  • f whole and relationship between parts

is clear. analyze, infer examine, dissect ascertain, Apply Use knowledge in a new situation. Involves rules, methods, laws, principles Apply, calculate, solve, predict Understand Grasp meaning, explain, interpret, translate, paraphrase describe, explain, give example Recall Recognize, recall facts define, identify

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SLIDE 34
  • Nov. 14, 2013

34 RC2013

  • Generate new ideas, products or ways of looking at things.
  • Put elements together to form a coherent whole

Example: Suppose you are given any two linear equations. Devise a rule to determine if there is a unique set of x,y values which satisfy both equations.

Create level questions – design, plan, produce, construct, combine, modify

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SLIDE 35
  • Nov. 14, 2013

35 RC2013

Pair activity

1) Choose a partner 2) Choose a topic that both teach Within your chosen topic: 3) Write one question in Recall level 4) Write one question in Understand level 5) Write one question in Apply level 6) Write one question in Analyze level 7) Write one question in Evaluate level 8) Write one question in Create level

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SLIDE 36
  • Nov. 14, 2013

36 RC2013

Reflection – 1

State one new “thing” (idea, concept, technique) you learnt from yesterday or today’s sessions. I learnt that … Or I learnt to …

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SLIDE 37
  • Nov. 14, 2013

37 RC2013

Reflection – 2

State one new technique from yesterday and today’s sessions that you will use in your class (at least once) I will use / implement / try …

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SLIDE 38
  • Nov. 14, 2013

38 RC2013

Action Verbs for learning objectives

Recall- Remember previously learned material cite, label, name, reproduce, define, list, quote, pronounce, identify, match recite, state Understand- Grasp meaning alter, explain, rephrase, substitute convert, give examples, summarize restate, translate, describe, illustrate reword, interpret, paraphrase Apply - Use learned material in new and concrete situations Apply, relate, solve, classify, predict compute, prepare Analyze - break down material into its component parts to understand its organizational structure Ascertain, diagnose, distinguish, analyze, divide, associate, examine, differentiate, reduce, discriminate, separate, dissect, infer, determine Create - Combine parts together to form a new whole Combine, devise, originate, compile, expand, plan, compose, extend, synthesize, conceive, modify generalize, revise, create, integrate, design, invent, rearrange, develop Evaluate - judge the value of material for a given purpose appraise, conclude, critique, judge assess, contrast, deduce, weigh Compare, criticize, evaluate