From m Na National nal Geo eographic graphic ( Sep 014) : : ept - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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From m Na National nal Geo eographic graphic ( Sep 014) : : ept - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 31, 2023 252 likes •706 views

From m Na National nal Geo eographic graphic ( Sep 014) : : ept 17, , 2014) Amid Droug ought, ht, New w California ornia Law w Wi Will Limit Ground oundwater water Pu Pumpin ping g for First st Time But it won't 't hel elp

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From m Na National nal Geo eographic graphic (Sep

ept 17, , 2014) 014):

: Amid Droug

  • ught,

ht, New w California

  • rnia Law

w Wi Will Limit Ground

  • undwater

water Pu Pumpin ping g for First st Time

 But it won't

't hel elp right ht aw away ay: Th The e limits ts on pumping mping won't 't kick ck in before

  • re the 20

2020 20s.

 "California and the rest of the West are really ignoring

groundwater's environmental role,“ says Australian researcher who leads the Comparative Groundwater Law and Policy Program at Stanford University.

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 Groundwater the invisible resource  Groundwater in Canada  Technical discussion of groundwater  Groundwater pollution

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View ew of f Earth h fr from

  • m Mars

Grou

  • undw

dwat ater er On n Earth th:

  • Small

ll but t inte tegra gral part t of hydrol rologic

  • gical cycle

cle

  • Within 1 km of earth’s surface
  • Esti

timat mated volu

  • lume

me of groun undwat water er is 4.2 4.2 mill llio ion n km3 Compared red to: to:

  • 125,000

5,000 km km3 fresh eshwate ter r lake kes

  • 1,250

250 km km3 in strea reams ms

‘the invisible resource’

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Groundwater supports 98 % of freshwater readily available to humans

US – 50% of population (37% of irrigation) Canada – nearly 30% of population Vulnerability:

  • Just 1

1 litre litre of gasoline can contaminate 1 1 million lion litres es of drinking water

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Groundwater in Canada

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Extent of Glaciation

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  • How is groundwater formed?
  • What does geology play in the movement of surface

water into groundwater settings?

  • How does groundwater interact with surface water?
  • What methods are used to measure the movement
  • f groundwater?
  • How are groundwater quantities quantified?
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To Topic c On One: Groundwa undwate ter r Hydrolo rology gy

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To Topic c Tw Two: Re Rech charge ge Potenti tential al

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  • Bottling of artesian springs is worldwide
  • UNICEF reports consumption was non-

existent in 1950s:

  • Grew to 3.2 billion litres in 1984
  • then 11.2 billion litres in 1997
  • Now, 50 billion litres/year (about 30 bl in USA)
  • Nearly half of bottled water is not “springwater”.
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To Topic c Th Three: Porosity

  • sity and Permea

meabili ility ty

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To Topic c Four: r: Th The Groundwa undwate ter r Cycl cle

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To Topic c Five: e: Human an Influen fluences ces to Groun undwater dwater Sys ystem tem

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Water r supply is the provision of water for different types of human use, such as drinking, domestic use, irrigation and urban-industrial supply. Two basic problems are related to the balance between demand and availability and the quality of water:

1. Supply is dependent on the physical principles of the hydrologic cycle 2. Demand is related to the density of population.

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Thapa apa, , 2001 01

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Groundwater pollution occurs when waste products

  • r other substances change the chemical or

biological characteristics of the water and degrade water quality so that animals, plants or human uses

  • f the water are affected.
  • plant nutrients
  • Bacteria, viruses
  • Pesticides, herbicides
  • hydrocarbons (including petrol and oil)
  • heavy metals and other toxic chemicals.

Groundwater Pollution

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 livestock watering  Irrigation  aquaculture (fish farms)  Mineral/hydrocarbon extraction  Urban Run-Off  Human Error (toxic spills)

Point source pollution Diffuse pollution

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SEPTIC SYSTEMS

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SMALL DISPOSAL PITS

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HOUSE AND GARDEN CHEMICALS

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STREAM INFILTRATION

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DE-ICING SALTS

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LANDFILLS

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STORAGE LAGOONS

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UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS

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FERTILIZERS

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LAND APPLICATION OF SLUDGES AND WASTE WATER

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PESTICIDES

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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

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TRANSPORT AND TRANSFER SPILLS

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PIPELINES

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WELLS

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INACTIVE MINING SITES

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ANIMAL LOTS

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URBAN RUNOFF

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CONSTRUCTION EXCAVATION

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CEMETERIES AND EXCAVATION

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NATURAL SUBSTANCES

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Aquifers provide 30 - 40 % of the state's water supply in normal years but close to 60 % in drought years.

On the edges of the Central Valley, where aquifers are relatively shallow, municipal wells are running dry, forcing small towns to import water at excruciatingly high prices.

Many groundwater-fed surface streams have been depleted, threatening the species that depend on them.

Over the past decade NASA satellite research has shown that Central Valley farmers are withdrawing groundwater far faster than rain and snowmelt can trickle through soil and rock layers to recharge aquifers.

Recent deep and extended droughts, including the current one, have worsened the situation. More extreme weather events such as drought are

  • ccurring with CLIMATE CHANGE.
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 The impacts of climate change are profoundly

affecting water resources and their management.

 World leaders are meeting in New York City on

September 23, 2014. This past weekend people around the world gathered to send politicians a strong message that action on climate change is needed now.

 Over 300,000 people were in Manhattan including:

  • Dr. Paul Berger, LU Faculty of Education and

Jason MacLean, LU Faculty of Law and they will be our guest speakers on Thursday