for representing and analyzing problem situations with computer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IFIP CAI 2007

INSA STRASBOURG GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A R C H I T E C T S + E N G I N E E R S

OTSM Network of Problems for representing and analyzing problem situations with computer support

IFIP CAI 2007

Nikolai Khomenko Nikolai.khomenko@gmail.com Roland De Guio roland.deguio@insa-strasbourg.fr

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Summary

1.

What is Classical TRIZ and OTSM

a.

Structure of the theories

b.

Evolution of the model of problem solving process.

2.

OTSM Network of Problems (NofP)

a.

General overview of NofP: main functions and rules of creating the semantic network.

b.

Where Computer could help.

c.

Flow Chart of the NofP development.

3.

Short example of real life application.

4.

Some new opportunities for research and application.

a.

Negotiations for mutual benefits.

b.

Problem Management = Problem Solving + Knowledge management

c.

R&D planning: Forecasting, Strategy, Tactics, Everyday activity.

5.

Conclusion.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007 3

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

“TRIZ is a tool for thinking but not instead of thinking”.

 G. Altshuller

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WHAT IS CLASSICAL TRIZ & OTSM

Part 1.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Why OTSM & TRIZ instruments work efficiently?

Initial Problem Situation Most Desirable Result

Solution 1 Solution 2

Conventional process OTSM-TRIZ process

Advancement

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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(Some components of this process and its evolution we will discuss today and focus on OTSM Network of Problems)

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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...Knowledge-worker productivity is the biggest of the 21st century management challenges. In the developed countries it is their first survival requirement. In no other way can the developed countries hope to maintain themselves, let alone to maintain their leadership and their standards of living. ….. Making knowledge workers productive requires changes in basic attitude - whereas making the manual worker more productive

• nly required telling the worker how to do the job.

And making knowledge workers productive requires changes in attitude, not only on the part of the individual knowledge worker but on the part of the whole organization. It therefore has to be "piloted“ – as any major change should be.

Peter Drucker Management Challenges for the 21-st century 1999.

How the basic attitude could be changed and in what direction?

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Structure of an applied scientific theory

 A Key Problem to be solved by the theory.  Key Assumptions were done to solve the problem

• r to answer the Question – axioms, postulates,

paradigms.

 Key Models that is used by the theory in order to

create instruments for practical needs.

 System of Instruments that could be applied for

practical needs and obtain satisfactory results.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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What make problem Difficult?

Before developing instruments for problem solving we should clarify what is a Problem. Here it is presented some results of research was done in the course of OTSM evolution.

IFIP CAI 2007 2007 April 16-20

INSA Strasbour, AMID, Main cours of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7

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Reaction on some novelties appeared in XX century?

 "This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously

considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently

• f no value to us."
• -Western Union internal memo, 1876.

 "The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who

would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?"

• -David Sarnoff's associates in response to his urgings for investment in the

radio in the 1920s.

 International Business Machine (IBM) will newer develop electronic

computers.

• - From Reply of IBM company to John Vincent Atanasoff about the first

electronic computer he proposed to the company in 1938.

 "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home."

• -Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp.,

1977

IFIP CAI 2007 2007 April 16-20

INSA Strasbour, AMID, Main cours of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7

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Why a Non-Typical (Creative) Problem appear?

WANTED!

• 1. New thinking technology

for non typical problem solving process.

• 2. Dynamic self evolving mind is required

to survive in the world of accelerated rapid changes..

…The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them...

attributed to Albert Einstein

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Typical Recommendation widely advised:

“Think big and bold. Our future depend on it.”

Final recommendation

• f the IBM study

about effective Innovation. 2006

Question of my daughter when she was 4 years old: “Think? But How?”

IFIP CAI 2007

INSA Strasbourg, AMID, Main course of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7

Author of TRIZ, OTSM and TRTL

Genrich ALTSHULLER: “Trial and Error Method today is considered as a synonym for Creativity. To increase productivity

• f intellectual work scientific approach should be

applied…. “ October 15, 1926 September 24, 1998

Altshuller start this scientific research in 1946. He was 20 years old… 1949 – First results and letter to Stalin. 1950 - Arrested. Sentence 25 years in prison. 1950 – 1954 – Gulag. First TRIZ application for non engineering real life problem solving.

IFIP CAI 2007

Classical TRIZ

 How decries to decrease

amount of useless trials and errors during solving non typical problem but not degrade quality of an

• btained conceptual

solution? OTSM

 How should be organized

domain free, universal instrument for problems solving that could be efficiently applied for various non typical problem situations to

• btain useful for practice

satisfactory solution?

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Key Problems

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Classical TRIZ

 Objective Laws of

engineering system evolution do exist and could be used for problem solving.

 Contradiction show the

root of problem. It should be disclosed and resolved.

 Specific Situation provide

us with recourses that should be used to solve a problem. OTSM

 Models are used during

thinking process. Problem arise when typical, traditional models could not be used and should be changed.

 Group 1: Axioms on

thinking process.

 Group 2: Axioms on

World Vision

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Key Assumptions

IFIP CAI 2007

INSA Strasbourg, AMID, Main course of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7

OTSM Axiom of models

Root-Cause of many Disagreements Everybody describe their perception about something from their own standing point.

IFIP CAI 2007

Classical TRIZ

 System Operator

instrument to describe components of a problem situation.

 Classical TRIZ Model of

Problem Solving Process dedicated to develop and

• rganize other problem

solving instruments into whole system efficient for solving problem and develop thinking skills further.

u

“Tongs” Model

u

“Hill” model

u

“Parallel” model

OTSM

 ENV Fractal model is a tool

to describe components of a problem situation and harmonize relationships between various instruments for problem solving: ENV – Element, Name of property, Value of the property.

 OTSM Fractal Model of

Problem Solving Process dedicated to manage a problem solving process and harmonize application of various instruments .

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Key Models

IFIP CAI 2007

Classical TRIZ

 For Typical Problems:

u

Standards

u

Pointers of Effects

u

Mechanisms of Convergence

u

Etc.

 For Non Typical

Problems:

u

ARIZ

OTSM

 For small Problem

situations (dozen of sub-problems):

u

New Problem Technology

u

Typical Solution Technology

u

Contradiction Technology

u

Problem flow Technology

 For complex problems

(hundreds sub-problems)

u

Problem Flow Networks Approach

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

The Key Instruments

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Time Hierarchy Anti-System that challenge anti

Classical TRIZ System Operator model

Sys Super Sub Past Present Future

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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IFIP CAI 2007

INSA Strasbour, AMID, Main cours of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7

Classical TRIZ Problem Solving Process: “Tongs” Model

An Initial Situation (IS) DESCRIPTION A Most Desirable Result A Barrier (Contradiction) that prevent from Achievement of the Most Desirable Result A Conceptual Solution

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Classical TRIZ problem solving process:“Hill” model

Level of generalization

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Problem Typical solution (This model was in use before ARIZ-85-C)

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Classical TRIZ Problem Solving Process: Parallel Model

Parts 1 and 2 of ARIZ have liner structure with cycles. (Just most common cycles are shown) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3

Standards or

• ther typical

tools

(Classical TRIZ problem solving Model since ARIZ-85-C)

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Parts

4,5,6,7,8,9

3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 ……………………….. TRIZ standards

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

(Classical TRIZ problem solving Model since ARIZ-85-C)

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Classical TRIZ Problem Solving Process: Parallel Model

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3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 MAcro 3.5 MIcro 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 MAcro 3.5 MIcro 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 MAcro 3.5 MIcro 3.5 Summary: PS and New problems those PS are generated by 3.3 3.4 3.5 MIcro 3.5 MAcro

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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Classical TRIZ Problem Solving Process: Parallel Model

(Classical TRIZ problem solving Model since ARIZ-85-C)

IFIP CAI 2007

Summary about Parallel model

Partial Solution (PS)… Partial Solution 5 Partial Solution 1 Partial Solution 2 Partial Solution 3 Partial Solution 4 Partial Solution N Satisfactory Conceptual Solution Non Typical Problem Situation Prototyped Solution Implemented Solution

Generation of Partial Conceptual Solution based on Typical solutions And Convergence of the Partial Solutions into Satisfactory Conceptual Solution

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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IFIP CAI 2007

Classical TRIZ OTSM

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Discover the core of the problem

Administrative Contradiction Technical Contradiction Physical Contradiction Network of Problems Network of Contradiction Network of Parameters

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OTSM NETWORK OF PROBLEMS

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Network of problems main rules for developing

 Arrows between nodes has the only meaning:

Sub-node belong to a Super-node.

 Arrow (edge) come from a bottom part of a Super-node box to

a top part of Sub-node box.

 Arrows must have a rectangle rounded shape.  Side connections point are not allowed.  Each arrow come out or into the node with an individual

connection point.

 Node could be a problem or a partial solution.  Super nods located above sub node, except various closed

loops.

 Problem nodes are yellow. Solution nodes are green.  Node that does not input arrow considered as a main goal of

problem solving process.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Example of a Network of problem

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

To solve a problem a partial solution could be used but this generate another problem. To solve a super-problem this sub-problem should be solved. Super-Problem node and Initial Problem node are goals

• f the problem solving process

Individual Connection points Arrows Have a rectangle rounded shape

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Special attention topology: Short cut

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Short cut arrow are not allowed mostly. However special analysis is required.

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Special attention topology: Closed loop

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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Special attention topology: Cross-Closed loop

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Problems 2 and 4 should be solved in order to solve Problem 1. In order to solve problem 3 should be solved problems 4 and 2. However, to solve Problem 2 it is necessary to solve Problem 4 and vise versa. This kind of closed loops for real life problem situation was discovered in the course of developing network of problems for a scientific research planning.

IFIP CAI 2007

Special attention topology: Bottle Neck

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Where Computer could help

 As soon as a Network of Problems has around 100

nodes it could be analyzed visually. But as soon as amount of nodes is above 200 difficulties start to grow.

 Computer analysis of Special Attention Topologies

could be helpful.

 Computer also helpful for drawing a network of

• problems. Until now we consider MS Visio as a

most convenient instrument for this. However, some additional functions is necessary, especially for Knowledge Management and Problem Management.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Flow chart for developing Network of problems

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

MS Visio: Flowchart

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Some stages of Network of Problem development

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

MS Visio: Example of initial steps of the Network Developing

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SHORT EXAMPLE OF REAL LIFE APPLICATION

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Power Plant Improvements: Initial Situation

 European Institute for Energy Research develop a

Biogas power plant.

 One of pilot plants was taken as a prototype. It is

used to generate Electricity and Heats for local area

• f a small city and one factory.

 Pilot plant show good results in energy generation

efficiency, but constructing and maintenance cost a lot.

 Traditional fuzzy question was asked:

What should be done?

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

List of most painful problems that cost a lot.

 Purification process need lot of equipments and

require regular maintenance.

• Filters of the product Biogas need lot of

maintenance and still work not efficient.

• Heat exchanger often block by tar and biogas

could not go through heat exchanger.

• Power plant should be often stopped for cleaning

and maintenance.

• Cleaning and maintenance take time and money.
• Heat transfer from combustion chamber to

gasification chamber not efficient enough and

• ften blocked because of tar.
• Etc.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

(Fragment)

IFIP CAI 2007

System Operator analysis: Time dimension

1.

Biomass preparation and storage.

2.

Delivering biomass to gasification chamber.

3.

Biogas production in the gasification chamber.

4.

Cooling biogas down to be able filter small particles it contain in the flow.

5.

Washing biogas before filter to eliminate vapor of tar.

6.

Filtering out small particles that still are in the gas flow.

7.

Combustion engine use biogas as a fuel and rotate electro generator.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

(system operator analysis dedicated to discover additional problems).

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Networks of Problems and Contradictions

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

MS Visio: OTSM Network of Problems OTSM Network of Contradictions

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SOME NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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Negotiations for mutual benefits

 Cooperation on complex solving interdisciplinary

problem situation.

 Getting Mutual agreement for various purposes.  Visual support for various negotiations in order to

clarify an initial problem situation and discover directions to work on a satisfactory solution.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

R&D planning: Forecasting, Strategy, Tactics, Short term activity

 Forecasting as a problem solving process: Today

situation could be considered as a result of solving networks of problem from the past. Tomorrow situation could be considered as a result of solving today’s networks of problems. Efficient instruments for problem solving.

 Developing strategy to achieve the system of strategic

goals were clarified with OTSM Network of Problems.

 Create network of problems to achieve strategic goals

and correct them according results of short term activities.

 Create and maintain network of problems to be solved

during short term activity to achieve tactical goal

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Problem Management = OTSM + Knowledge management + AI

 OTSM provide opportunities to extract and represent

information and knowledge relevant to a problem situation in order to obtain a satisfactory solution for the problem situation and store them in the form useful for practical needs in future.

 Knowledge Management provide opportunities to

• rganize obtained knowledge and information the way

it could be easy found when it will necessary.

 OTSM Forecasting provide opportunity to obtain a

big picture about the problem situation and foresee what new problems and solutions we could expect in the coming future and be prepared to prevent or to solve them.

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Genetic Algorithms

provide opportunities to simplify usage of all above.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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CONCLUSIONS

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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Conclusions:

 OTSM Network of Problems devoted to extract, represent

and store knowledge about a problem situation.

 The knowledge is presented in better formalized and

visualized way as a semantic network – labeled oriented graph.

 This graph could be annualized according formal rules by

Human or Computer in order to make some conclusions

• n problem solving process and select set of problems

that underlining the problem situation and should be analyzed with other OTSM based instruments.

 OTSM Network of problems could be used for various

negotiation situations aimed to clarify fuzzy initial problem situation and organize problem solving process. Sometimes it leads directly to a satisfactory solution.

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

THANK YOU!

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

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«NEW PROBLEM» technology

«PROBLEM FLOW» technology

Partial Solutions Partial Solutions

Preliminary Solutions Satisfactory Solution Initial Problem

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Title of slide

 Les cas d’études montrent que les méthodes fonctionnent.  Les principes d’OTSM-TRIZ fonctionnent sur des cas complexes  Nous savons former des professionnels aux techniques d’OTSM et

de TRIZ

 Une bonne compréhension des fondements théoriques permet

d’obtenir de nouvelles méthodes résolvant des verrous méthodologiques

 Conception préliminaire des systèmes d’information  Conception des systèmes de production d’usinage à grande vitesse  Prévision des barrières technologiques pour le roadmapping technologique

 Nous pensons obtenir des résultats similaires dans d’autres

domaines notamment la gestion de l’innovation

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Nos centres d’intérêts en recherche (LICIA)



Méthodes de résolution de problèmes par les contradictions et supports informatiques

u

Formulation de problème : construction des réseaux de problème et de contradictions

u

Analyse de grands réseaux de problèmes/ contradictions/paramètres

u

Capitalisation des résultats de la résolution de problème contexte industriel de conception

u

Lien des standards inventifs, des bases de connaissance de la TRIZ

u

Amélioration continue du processus de résolution de problème et de ses supports

u

Modèles génériques pour les systèmes de production



Management de l’innovation

u

Prévision des barrières technologiques (sur la base d’une approche système et des contradictions)

u

Intégration des méthodes de résolution de problème d’invention dans les entreprises



Conception collaborative et ingénierie concurrente

u

Conception de l’architecture des systèmes d’information et de production

u

Résolution des conflits en ingénierie collaborative et concurrente

u

Conception de produits et d’outils en plasturgie (modélisation)

u

Processus de maintenance et de recyclage des produits – cadre PLM

u

Conception de robots médicaux chirurgicaux

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

IFIP CAI 2007

Supports informatiques

Initial description

• f a

Problem Situation Building the Networks Problems/partial solutions, contradictions, parameters (specific and general) Reformulation and search No Yes Is general solution

• btained?

List of potential domains of application of the obtained general solution List of proposals to improve solving process and tools Patents Corporate Knowledge Constraints Model of system Experimental Model of system Description of specific solution Specific and Gal Networks for reuse MORE Systematic process More systematic process Yes

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Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

INSTITUT NATIONAL DES SCIENCES APPLIQUÉES DE STRASBOURG

Fin