Finance, Business, Food and Energy American University of Beirut - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Finance, Business, Food and Energy American University of Beirut - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 29, 2022 30 likes •464 views

On the front-line of Freshwater Conservation: Finance, Business, Food and Energy American University of Beirut October 22, 2018 Freshwater ecosystems occupy less than 1% of the 70 mammal species earths surface... 566 bird species

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On the front-line of Freshwater Conservation: Finance, Business, Food and Energy

American University of Beirut October 22, 2018

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Freshwater ecosystems occupy less than 1% of the earth’s surface... … Yet, they are home to 10% of the world’s wildlife (126,000 species)

  • High levels of endemism due to

habitat isolation and niche specialisation.

  • Many unidentified species, many

poorly known species

  • Shifting baseline: we are loosing

wildlife before it is identified

  • 70 mammal species
  • 566 bird species
  • 263 turtle species
  • 24 crocodiles, alligators, caiman &

gharial species

  • 15,000 fish species
  • 4,117 amphibian species
  • 5,700 dragonflies & damselflies

species

  • 640 crayfish species
  • 1,300 crab species
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The World Economic Forum’s annual risk report ranks water crises as #1 global risk in terms of impact.

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MATERIALITY

$ 6.4 billion $ 24 million $1 billion

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  • Water infrastructure = 10% industry

CAPEX

  • US$3.4b (2009) – US$11.9b (2013),

a 250% increase.

  • Driving innovation, co-investment,

shared infrastructure

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  • Largest freshwater fishery in the World
  • Capture fisheries estimated at US $1.4 -

3.9 billion per year (losses at 470 M per year)

  • Fisheries provide 47-80% of the animal

protein consumed by 60 million people

  • Fisheries highly dependant on wild

capture 165 Mekong species are long distance migrants

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Changes in fish catch forecast for 2030 Change in wild freshwater fish catch (tonnes) Change in fish resources (%) Scenario 1: Losses due to the 11 main stem dams

  • 340,000
  • 16

Losses due to the impact of 77 proposed basin dams

  • 210,000 to -540,000
  • 10 to -26

Total losses in capture fisheries

  • 550,000 to -880,000
  • 26 to -42

10% gain from reservoir fisheries +55,000 to +88,000 +2.6 to +4.2 Scenario 2: Net losses in fish resources

  • 495,000 to -792,000
  • 23.4 to -37.8
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  • 6 -17% increase in water consumption for food
  • 19 - 63% expansion of pasture lands
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Food stuff Protein g/100g Protein index: fish = 100 Lysine mg/100g Lysine index: fish = 100 Soy 38 202 2653 155 Ground nuts 25.6 136 1876 110 Fish 18.8 100 1713 100 Legumes/pulses 22.5 120 1683 98 Chicken 20 106 1590 93 Beef 17.7 94 1573 92 Pork 11.9 63 961 56 Offal 16 85 917 54 Eggs 12.4 66 863 50 Molluscs etc. 10 53 797 47 Seeds 18.1 96 585 34 Oil Crops 12.6 67 500 29 Wheat 12.2 65 374 22 Rice 7.5 40 299 17 Maize 9.5 51 254 15 Milk 3.5 19 248 14 Other veg 2.03 11 100 6 Fruit 0.98 5 52 3

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Country Population (million) % in poverty Vulnerability to 10% increase in food prices (%) Vulnerability to 10% increase in food prices (people) Cambodia 14.5 35 4.4 610,000 Laos 6.8 31 5.1 280,000 Thailand 65.9 10 Viet Nam 87.0 15 2.4 1,980,000 Total 174.2 2,870,000

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Environmental fl flows are critical to freshwater security.

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Hydropower generates 17% of the world's electricity.

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Results of 2017 auctions:

  • Brazil: hydro 11.5 MW out
  • f a total 674.5 MW
  • Argentina: hydro 20.8 MW
  • ut of a total 1,408.7 MW
  • México: no hydro out of a

total 2.7 GW

  • Chile: no hydro out of a total

2,200 GWh

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Slowdown in Power Demand Growth Increased Viability of Alternative Sources:

  • Reductions in Solar and Wind Costs
  • Removal of Barriers for Competing Technologies

Hydropower-Specific Problems:

  • Water Resource Management Challenges
  • Cost and Schedule Overruns
  • Technical Problems
  • Increasing Social Resistance
  • Best Sites Already Taken
  • Increasing Hydrological Risks
  • Increasing Hydropower Costs
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Citi ‘Water Worries: Climatic Consequences’ Credit Suisse ‘Water: The Paramount Megatrend of our Time’ Citi ‘The Growing Impact of Water Scarcity on Mining’ HSBC ‘GDP will be ‘severely hampered by water scarcity’ ‘Watching water: A guide to evaluating risks in a thirsty world’ Goldman Sachs ‘Water could be a constraint on growth’ Morgan Stanley ‘Water: The Perfect Storm’ Standard Chartered ‘Water – The Real Liquidity Crisis’ Merrill Lynch ‘Water scarcity a bigger problem than assumed’ JP Morgan

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Deltas - home to 1 billion people and 10+ mega cities in Asia

  • 40% of Chinese GDP is generated in Yangtze

Delta

  • Vietnam is leading rice exporter because
  • f the Mekong Delta
  • 40% of Myanmar’s population lives in the

Irrawaddy Delta

  • 75% of people in the Indus Delta depend on

the fishing industry

  • The Ganges-Brahmaputra is the largest and

most densely populated delta in the world

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  • Water data – more publicly available
  • Info from satellites and drones
  • NASA layers and entrepreneurs
  • Cloud based computing
  • Sharing of data
  • Wifi linkage
  • Smartphone sensors
  • Citizen science
  • Corporate transparency
  • Greater focus on risk and opportunity
  • Blockchain verification
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