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Fermilab Test Beam Facility Fermilab Test Beam Facility and and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 02, 2024 281 likes •735 views

AC02-07CH11359. Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE- Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Collaboration] using the

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Fermilab Test Beam Facility Fermilab Test Beam Facility and and LArIAT Experiment LArIAT Experiment

Justin Hugon Louisiana State University On behalf of the Fermilab Test Beam Facility and LArIAT experiment

FERMILAB-SLIDES-18-093-ND-PPD This document was prepared by [LArIAT Collaboration] using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User

  • Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research

Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE- AC02-07CH11359.

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SLIDE 2

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 2

Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF)

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 3

Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF)

  • Full details can be found: http://ftbf.fnal.gov/beam-overview/

– 4 sec spill every 60 seconds – Tunable rate (100 Hz – 100,000 Hz) – Beam available 24/7

  • MTest Beamline

– 120 GeV protons (primary) – 1 – 60 GeV secondary beam – Spot size about 2cm

  • MCenter Beamline

– Tertiary beamline down to 200 MeV – Currently have cryogenic support for LArIAT (Liquid Argon In A Test Beam)

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SLIDE 4

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 4

Facility Instrumentation Facility Instrumentation

Cherenkov Detector Cherenkov Detector Pixel Telescope Lead Glass Calorimeter 4 MWPC Trackers + Assorted Trigger Scintillators

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SLIDE 5

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 5

Infrastructure in MTest Infrastructure in MTest

ACNET Controlled Motion Tables Laser Alignment Gas Patch Panels Helium Tubes Web Cameras Signal, Network, & High Voltage Patch Panels Climate Controlled Huts & 30 Ton Crane

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SLIDE 6

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 6

Beams Composition Studies—In Progress Beams Composition Studies—In Progress

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Positjve Beams Compositjon, Open Collimators 2016

e+ pions p and K

Beam Energy Percentage

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Negatjve Beams Compositjon, Open Collimators 2016

e- pions p and K

Beam Energy Percentage

  • MTest Secondary Beam
  • Plans to contjnue this

study as schedule allows

  • Put into a database with

all running conditjons recorded Studies done by E. Skup and D. Jensen

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SLIDE 7

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 7

Tests for LHC Experiments (CMS, ATLAS) Tests for LHC Experiments (CMS, ATLAS)

  • CMS Outer Tracker, CMS Pixels, CMS timing all had test

beams this year

  • ATLAS pixels also ran for several weeks.
  • Both groups used the test beam heavily this year.

ATLAS Test Beam Setup CMS Test Beam Setup

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SLIDE 8

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 8

Liquid Argon in a Test Beam (LArIAT) Liquid Argon in a Test Beam (LArIAT)

47 cm 47 cm Drift Direction Drift Direction B e a m D i r e c t i

  • n

B e a m D i r e c t i

  • n

9 c m 9 c m 4 c m 4 c m

LArIAT TPC LArIAT TPC

170 L 0.25 tons

  • f LAr

Reuse the ArgoNeuT TPC in the MCenter (long-duration test) beamline

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SLIDE 9

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 9

Liquid Argon in a Test Beam (LArIAT) Liquid Argon in a Test Beam (LArIAT)

Changes from ArgoNeuT:

  • New wireplanes
  • Cold front-end electronics ASICs from

MicroBooNE

Cathode plane Wire/anode planes Readout ASICs

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SLIDE 10

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 10

LArIAT Goals LArIAT Goals

  • Physics Goals

– Hadron-Ar interaction cross sections

  • p+/--Ar to support ν cross-sections
  • K+/- - Ar, supporting nucleon decay
  • Geant4 validation

– e/g shower identification capabilities – Anti-proton annihilation at rest

  • Similar to BSM n-n oscillation signature

– Particle sign determination in the absence of a magnetic field, utilizing topology

  • e.g. decay vs capture
  • R&D Goals

– Ionization and scintillation light studies

  • Charge deposited vs. light collected for stopping particles of known energy

– Optimization of particle ID techniques – LArTPC event reconstruction

  • Compare 3mm, 4mm, 5mm wire pitch

Pion Absorption Candidate (π→ 3p) LArIAT Data

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SLIDE 11

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 11

Instrumented beamline identifies and characterizes particles both online and

  • ffline

LArIAT Tertiary Beamline LArIAT Tertiary Beamline

Dipole Magnets Halo veto Muon Punchthrough Veto Muon Range Stack Multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPCs) Collimators Aerogel Cerenkov Counters

TPC

Secondary beam

p’s

(8-80 GeV)

Cu target

Time of Flight (TOF)

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SLIDE 12

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 12

Wire chambers reconstruct the position and momentum of the particles in the beamline

LArIAT Beamline: Wire Chambers LArIAT Beamline: Wire Chambers

Wire chamber reconstructed momentum compared to simulation

LArIAT Preliminary

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SLIDE 13

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 13

LArIAT Beamline Detectors LArIAT Beamline Detectors

Combining the momentum and TOF allows for p/m/e, K, proton separation Additionally, using the known masses of the K and proton we can constrain the momentum scale to 3%

TOF vs reconstructed momentum

LArIAT Preliminary

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SLIDE 14

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 14

Calibrating the TPC Calibrating the TPC

  • Match beamline track to TPC track
  • Fit dE/dx for various beamline momenta
  • Calibrate detector response to follow Bethe-

Bloch formula

  • Calibrate using pions; check on kaons/protons

LArIAT Preliminary

Wire Chamber 4 Beamline Track TPC Track

1st few hits of TPC track have ~momentum of beamline track

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SLIDE 15

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 15

Absorption Candidate (π -> 3p)

LArIAT Data

Charge Exchange Candidate

LArIAT Data LArIAT Data

  • The total p––Argon Cross-Section includes

σTotal=σelastic+σinelastic+σch-exch+σabsorp.+σp -production

π Production Candidate

LArIAT Data

+

Pion Cross-Section Pion Cross-Section

Elastic Scattering Candidate

LArIAT Data

+ + +

LArIAT Data

Inelastic Scattering Candidate

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SLIDE 16

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 16

LArIAT Data

  • Backgrounds are:

π Decay Candidate

LArIAT Data

π Capture Candidate

LArIAT Data

Muon Background

LArIAT Data

Note: Pion decay backgrounds are small component which remain in our result. Capture dominates the lowest energy bin and is thus excluded

Pion Cross-Section Pion Cross-Section

LArIAT Simulation LArIAT Simulation Pion Interaction Type per Kinetic Energy Pion Interaction Fraction per Kinetic Energy

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SLIDE 17

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 17

PSurvival=e

−σn z

PInteracting=1−PSurvival=1−e

−σ nz

Ninteracting NIncident =PInteracting=1−e

−σ nz≈1−(1−σ nz+...)

Thin Slice Cross-Section Thin Slice Cross-Section

σ≈ 1

nz N interacting N Incident

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SLIDE 18

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 18

Treat the TPC wire-to-wire spacing as a series of “thin-slice” targets

Thin Slice TPC Method Thin Slice TPC Method

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SLIDE 19

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 19

Interacting

Kinetic Energy (MeV)

Incident

Kinetic Energy (MeV)

Pion Cross-Section Pion Cross-Section

KEi=KEbeamline−∑

j=0 i−1

dE /dX j×Pitchj

σ≈ 1

nz N interacting N Incident

Simulation Test of the Method for π- + Ar

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SLIDE 20

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 20

Pion Cross-Section Pion Cross-Section

Systematics Considered Here dE/dX Calibration: 3% Energy Loss Prior to entering the TPC: 3.5% Through Going Muon Contamination: 3% Wire Chamber Momentum Uncertainty: 3%

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SLIDE 21

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 21

Pion Cross-Section Pion Cross-Section

Systematics Considered Here dE/dX Calibration: 3% Energy Loss Prior to entering the TPC: 3.5% Through Going Muon Contamination: 3% Wire Chamber Momentum Uncertainty: 3%

Update in Progress

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 22

Toward Exclusive Pion Channels Toward Exclusive Pion Channels

  • Working on absorption + charge

exchange: π+ + Ar → 0π± + X

– Useful for modeling contamination of

ν CC QE from CC RES

– Need to identify outgoing pions v.

protons

Charge Exchange Candidate

LArIAT Data

Signal Events: 0 Secondary π± Background Events: Contain Secondary π±

Absorption Candidate (π -> 3p)

LArIAT Data

LArIAT Data

Inelastic Scattering Candidate

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SLIDE 23

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 23

Likelihood-Based Particle ID Likelihood-Based Particle ID

  • Likelihood of dE/dx versus

residual range of each track hit

– Constructed from simulated tracks – Evaluate using likelihood-ratio of

all hits on a track

Proton Likelihood Pion Likelihood

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 24

p-candidate

Kaon Cross-section Kaon Cross-section & Anti-proton Anihilation at Rest & Anti-proton Anihilation at Rest

  • Inclusive K+ cross-section has O(2000)

Elastic/Inelastic interactions identified

– Inclusive cross-section coming soon

  • First time measured on argon
  • DUNE plans search for proton decay:

p → K+ ν

  • Cross-section information will help

ensure signal efficiency is modeled properly

  • LArIAT has identified O(20) anti-

proton annihilation at rest candidates

– O

(70) annihilation in flight

  • Similar to BSM n-n oscillation

signature

– DUNE planning search

  • Working to reconstruct these final

state topologies

LArIAT Data

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SLIDE 25

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 25

PixLAr & Detector R&D PixLAr & Detector R&D

  • LArIAT ran with few different wire

spacings and light detector configurations

– Run-I / Run-II: 4mm wire pitch

  • Hadronic cross-sections
  • Scintillation Light R&D

– Run-III: 3mm / 5mm wire pitch comparison

  • LArTPC particle ID R&D
  • New mesh cathode (for SBND)
  • New ARAPUCA Light Detection System

Pixel Sensor

ArCLight

PixLAr Readout Plane LArIAT→Wires PixLAr→Pixels

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 26

PixLAr Data PixLAr Data

  • PixLAr event displays

demonstrate pixel readout

  • PixLAr ganged-pixel readout

worked even with high particle multiplicity

PixLAr Data PixLAr Data

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 27

  • FTBF busy with:

– LHC upgrades – sPHENIC/EIC upgrades – Veriety of neutrino programs – Generic detector R&D

  • FTBF has many instruments available to users
  • LArIAT working on many physics results

– Inclusive cross-sections for π- K+ and exclusive cross-

sections

  • LArIAT & PixLAr working on detector results

– 3mm/4mm/5mm wires and pixel reconstruction – Scintillation light collection with PMTs, SiPMs, ARAPUCA,

ArCLight detectors

Conclusions Conclusions

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SLIDE 28

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 28

Thank you!

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 29

Backup Slides

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 30

Neutrino interaction in LAr produces ionization and scintillation light Drift the ionization charge in a uniform electric field Read out charge and light produced using precision wires and PMT's

Electric Field Electric Field Electric Field

g g g g g g

nm

g

Induction Induction Plane Plane Collection Collection Plane Plane

⊕ ⊕ Drift

Drift Time Time = ✔ 3D imaging with mm 3D imaging with mm space resolution space resolution ✔ Calorimetry information Calorimetry information ✔ PID capabilities PID capabilities

Wire Number Time Tick Wire Number Time Tick

LArIAT Data LArIAT Data K+ → µ+ → e+ Candidate K+ → µ+ → e+ Candidate

Bragg peak

Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

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SLIDE 31

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 31 Time of Flight (TOF)

Halo veto

Muon Range Stack

gel kov ters

TPC

Energy Corrections Energy Corrections

  • Adding up all the energy which a pion loses in

the region before it enters the TPC (TOF, Halo, Cryostat Cryostat, Argon Argon) gives us the “energy loss” by the pion in the upstream region

Gaussian Fit from 35 – 55 MeV

KEi=√ p

2+mp 2−mp−EFlat

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SLIDE 32

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 32

LArIAT Beamline: Time of Flight LArIAT Beamline: Time of Flight

2 scintillator counters w/ ~1ns sampling, provide the time of flight (TOF)

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SLIDE 33

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 33

n=1.11 Aerogel n=1.057 Aerogel

200-300 MeV/c µ π µ π 300-400 MeV/c µ π µ π

A G

T O F

W C 1 W C 2 W C 3 W C 4

T O F

LArTPC

Muon Range Stack

Magnet M a g n e t

α α

LArIAT Beamline Detectors LArIAT Beamline Detectors

✔ Allows to perform p/m separation

  • ver a range of momentum

✔ Currently under investigation

π π μ μ

✔ Four layers of XY planes sandwiched between (pink) steel slabs ✔ Each plane is composed by 4 scintillating bars connected to a PMT ✔ Allows to discriminate π/μ exiting the cryostat ✔ Currently under investigation

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 34

Matching Beamline to the TPC Matching Beamline to the TPC

  • We can take this track

reconstructed in the beamline and extrapolate it to the LArTPC and look for a match

– We match in both position

(+/- 5cm about the mean) and angle (< 10o)

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SLIDE 35

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 35

Inside the cryostat: TPC and light collection system Inside the cryostat: TPC and light collection system

1 2 3 4

Cathode Cathode WirePlanes WirePlanes Pulse shaping Pulse shaping and amplifying and amplifying cold ASICs cold ASICs

Light Light Collection Collection System port System port

  • 1. PMT: Hamamatsu R-11065 (3” diameter)
  • 2. PMT: ETL D757KFL (2” diameter)
  • 3. SiPM: SensL MicroFB-60035 w/preamp
  • 4. SiPM: Hmm. S11828-3344M 4x4 array (Run I)

SiPM: Hmm. VUV-sensitive (Run II)

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 36

Conversion-on-PMTs only LArIAT solution

Light Collection System Light Collection System

TPB Field Cage Wall Reflector

Reflector Foils Reflector Foils

Credit: W. Foreman

✔ Wavelength shifting (evaporated) reflected foils on the four field cage walls

✔ Technique borrowed from dark matter experiments

✔ Provides greater (~ 40 pe/MeV at zero field) and more uniform light yield respect to “conversion-on-PMTs-only” light systems ✔ R&D for future neutrino experiments as a way to improve calorimetry and triggering

Beam direction

PMTs

x

  • y

z

Beam direction Beam direction

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 37

New ARAPUCA Light Collection System New ARAPUCA Light Collection System

  • Dichoric filter +

wavelength shifter

– Trap light inside device

  • Inner walls made of

Teflon

– Trapped light reflected

until detected by SiPM

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 38

New ARAPUCA Light Collection System New ARAPUCA Light Collection System

  • ARAPUCA mounted near

existing PMTs

– Compare ARAPUCA performance

to PMTs

2x Ganged SiPM

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SLIDE 39

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 39

  • We begin by looking at the bin content of the cross-section from MC

– Here we show events / 50 MeV bin to mimic the binning used in the data – Plot the true kinetic energy

  • Pion captrure-at-rest dominate in the lowest energy bin (0 MeV < KE < 50 MeV)

– Constitutes ~80% of the interactions in that bin – This is not a process we want to include in the cross-section measurement

Cross-Section Cross-Section

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 40

  • About 1% of the time the pion actually stops

before reaching the TPC

– The remaining portion there is actually an interaction

What happens in the upstream What happens in the upstream

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SLIDE 41

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 41

  • Our MC allows us to

estimate what our fractional beam composition and our selection efficiencies are for the various particle species

Pion Event Selection Pion Event Selection

LArIAT Preliminary

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SLIDE 42

Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 42

Validation Plots Validation Plots

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 43

Non-LHC Collider Tests Non-LHC Collider Tests

  • sPHENIX (Brookhaven)

– Continuing tests of EMCal and Hadronic calorimeter including new readout electronics – Used the results for their CD review. – Will be returning next year – Continues to send other users our way as well.

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Justin Hugon, Louisiana State University 44

Analyze the reconstructed tracks

  • Now we have a matched WC track and TPC track
  • We calculate the

p-candidate's initial kinetic energy as we take into account energy loss due to material upstream of the TPC (argon, steel, beamline detectors, etc)

  • We then follow p-candidate track treating each

point as a “thin slice” of argon which the pion is incident to at a known energy

KEi=√ p

2+mp 2−mp−EFlat

Interacting Incident

Kinetic Energy (MeV) Kinetic Energy (MeV)

KE Interaction=KE i−∑

i=0 nSpts

dE/dX i×Pitchi

Pion Cross-Section Pion Cross-Section