Exploring the Benefits of Increased Dietary Protein for Improved - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Exploring the Benefits of Increased Dietary Protein for Improved - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 02, 2024 226 likes •638 views

Exploring the Benefits of Increased Dietary Protein for Improved Appetite Control, Satiety, and Weight Management Heather J. Leidy, PhD Associate Professor Clinical Research Center/Bionutrition (CTSI) Director Dept. of Nutrition Science

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Heather J. Leidy, PhD

Associate Professor Clinical Research Center/Bionutrition (CTSI) Director

  • Dept. of Nutrition Science

Purdue University

hleidy@purdue.edu

Exploring the Benefits of Increased Dietary Protein

for Improved Appetite Control, Satiety, and Weight Management

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Proposed Benefits

  • Improve:
  • Weight Management
  • Fitness/Performance
  • Reduce risk of:
  • Sarcopenia
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Obesity
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Higher Protein Diets

Assembling the Pieces

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Proposed Benefits

  • Improve:
  • Weight Management
  • Fitness/Performance
  • Reduce risk of:
  • Sarcopenia
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Obesity
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Higher Protein Diets Weight Loss Fat Loss Lean Mass Retention

Assembling the Pieces

Reduced Intake

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Modified from: Wycherley TP, 2012; AJCN; 96: 1281-98

* * *

Higher Protein Diets Improve Wt. Management

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Modified from: Larsen TM, (2010); NEJM; 363: 2102-2113; Damsgaard CT (2013); JN; 143(6): 810-817;Aller EE, et al; IJO; 38(12); 1511-1517; 2014

* *

Higher Protein Diets Prevent Weight Re-gain

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Weigle et al. 2005 Am J Clin Nutr; 41-48

Higher Protein Diets Reduce Daily Intake

Free-living, Ad Libitum Feeding Trial

12 wks of a high protein diet (30%) with ad libitum carbohydrates

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Weight Loss Fat Loss Lean Mass Retention Higher Protein Diets Reduced Intake

Proposed Benefits

  • Improve:
  • Weight Management
  • Fitness/Performance
  • Reduce risk of:
  • Sarcopenia
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Obesity
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Assembling the Pieces

1.2-1.6 g protein·kg-1·d-1

Protein Synthesis

See Review: Leidy HJ et al.; AJCN; Epub; 2015; Apr 29; ajcn084038

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Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

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Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

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Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

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Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

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Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

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Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

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Appetitive sensations Homeostatic Signals Environmental Stimuli

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

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Environmental Stimuli

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

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AUC*

Modified from: Leidy et al. 2007 Obesity; 1215-1225; Leidy et al. 2010; Obesity; 18(9): 1725-1732

AUC*

*HP vs. NP; p<0.01

Appetite Control & Satiety

Acute meal studies in adults providing meals as

Normal Protein (NP): 13-20 g vs. High Protein (HP): 28-50 g

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Appetite Control & Satiety

* *

AUC AUC*

*HP vs. NP; p<0.01

Modified from: Leidy et al. 2007 Obesity; 1215-1225; Leidy et al. 2010; Obesity; 18(9): 1725-1732

Acute meal studies in adults providing meals as

Normal Protein (NP): 13-20 g vs. High Protein (HP): 28-50 g

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Modified from: Leidy, 2011 Obesity 19(10): 2019-2025; Hoertel H, 2014; Nutrition J 13:80

Insula (food cravings) Pre-frontal (executive control)

Post-meal Activation (NP > HP)

Food Cravings

Acute meal studies in adults providing meals as

Normal Protein (NP): 13-20 g vs. High Protein (HP): 28-50 g

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Key Protein Factors

Weight Loss Fat Loss Lean Mass Retention Daily Intake High Protein Diets

1.2-1.6 g protein·kg-1·d-1

Protein Synthesis

Appetite Satiety

Proposed Benefits Key Factors

Food Form

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Protein Quantity

(meal-specific)

Modified from: Paddon-Jones & Leidy Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care; 2013 17: 5-11

*all

Retrospective analysis of fullness following 350 kcal meals

containing 15-30 g protein

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Protein Quality

(Practical Significance: Common Portion Sizes)

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Protein Quality

(Practical Significance: Amount to Achieve 30 g)

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Leidy et al., 2010; Int J Obes; 1-9; Leidy et al., 2011; Brit J Nutr; 106; 37-41; Mourao et al, Int J Obesity; 2007; 1688-1695

*

Protein Food Form

(Beverages/Shakes vs. Solid Foods)

Acute meal studies providing high protein meals as

beverages vs. solid foods

& reduce daily intake by 15% (300 kcals)

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Unpublished Data

Behavioral/Environment Components

Sub-chronic energy restriction study in overweight women

30 g protein/meal + within meal ad libitum CHO and Fat intake

Breakfast

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Unpublished Data

Behavioral/Environment Components

Sub-chronic energy restriction study in overweight women

30 g protein/meal + within meal ad libitum CHO and Fat intake

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Timing of Protein Consumption-Breakfast

Leidy; British J Nutrition; 2009; 101: 798-803; Paddon-Jones D, 2016; AJCN Epub

*all (p<0.05)

Fullness following high protein

breakfast, lunch, vs dinner meals

Breakfast Consumption

NHANES Data assess protein distribution

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Timing of Protein Consumption-Breakfast

Leidy; British J Nutrition; 2009; 101: 798-803; Paddon-Jones D, 2016; AJCN Epub

*all (p<0.05)

Fullness following high protein

breakfast, lunch, vs dinner meals

Breakfast Consumption

NHANES Data assess protein distribution

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Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast-skipping’ Young Adults

Normal Protein vs. High Protein Breakfasts

Meal Characteristics Breakfast Skipping Normal Protein High Protein

Meal Type N/A RTECs Prepared Energy Content (kcal) 350 350 CHO/Protein/Fat (%) 65/15/20 40/40/20 Total Protein (g) 13 35 CHO (g) 57 35 Fat (g) 8 8 HP Breakfast NP Breakfast

2 oz lean meat; 2 servings eggs 1 ½ servings of dairy

Benefits of a High Protein Breakfast

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Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

Acute Crossover Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast-skipping’ Adolescents

7 days/pattern (6 acclimation + 1 testing day)

High Protein Breakfast – Acute Effects

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Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

Acute Crossover Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast-skipping’ Adolescents

7 days/pattern (6 acclimation + 1 testing day)

High Protein Breakfast – Acute Effects

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Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

Acute Crossover Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast-skipping’ Adolescents

7 days/pattern (6 acclimation + 1 testing day)

High Protein Breakfast – Acute Effects

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High Protein Breakfast & Satiety

Breakfast Skipping Normal Protein High Protein

BS NP HP

a b c

Different letters denote sig., p<0.05

Modified from: Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

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High Protein Breakfast – Summary

Modified from: Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

Compared to Skipping &/or a NP breakfast, a HP breakfast: Daily fullness Daily satiety-stimulating PYY Daily hunger & desire to eat Daily hunger-stimulating ghrelin Evening brain-driven food cravings Unhealthy evening snacking on high fat/sugar foods by ~ 200 kcals

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High Protein Breakfast & Wt. Management

Modified from: Leidy HJ; Obesity; Sep;23(9):1761-4; 2015

Changes in Daily Intake Changes in Fat Loss

Extended the previous work to complete a 12-wk RCT comparing

Breakfast Skipping (BS), Normal Protein (NP), & High Protein Groups

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New Research Areas:

Tanaka, H., et al., Psych Clin Neurosciences, 2002. 56(3): p. 235-236; Kant, A.K.; AJCN 2014. 100(3): p. 938-947

  • 40% of adults in the US

experience poor sleep, and/or daytime sleepiness

  • Sleep deprivation has been

associated with increased daily food intake, primarily as evening snacking & a shift towards shipping breakfast

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Modified from: Gwin J. Oral Presentatiom; Experimental Biology 2017; Protein & Health implications

High Protein Breakfast & Sleep

Acute Study in adults (Ages 20-32 y) examining sleep health with

7 days: Breakfast Skipping or High Protein (HP) Breakfast (30 g protein)

7-day Sleep Health

Actigraphy

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Gwin J. Oral Presentatio; Experimental Biology 2017; Protein & Health implications

7-day Sleep Health

High Protein Breakfast & Sleep

Acute Study in adults (Ages 20-32 y) examining sleep health with

7 days: Breakfast Skipping or High Protein (HP) Breakfast (30 g protein)

†denotes a trend

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Summary

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“Protein @ BREAKFAST Challenge”

350 kcal (30 g Pro / 40 g CHO / 8 g Fat)

Steak & Egg Burrito

1 whole egg + 1 egg (white) 2 oz flank steak ½ serving low fat cheese 1 whole wheat tortilla 1 TBSP salsa 20 grapes

Egg & ‘Sausage’ Scramble

1 whole egg + 1 egg (white) 2 oz 90/10 ground beef ‘sausage’ ½ cup peppers & onions 2 slices whole wheat bread dry 3-4 orange slices

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“Protein @ BREAKFAST Challenge”

350 kcal (30 g Pro / 40 g CHO / 8 g Fat)

‘Parfait’

1 ¼ cups low-fat Greek yogurt plain or low-fat cottage cheese 6 TBSP Special K Protein Plus cereal 1 oz honey 1 cup berries

Oatmeal Bake

1 cup oatmeal 1 scoop of banana (or vanilla) protein powder 1 oz honey + 1 TBSP peanut butter 1/4 cup blueberries

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If it could only be this easy

Thanks to his pop-up fullness indicator, Andy was able to leave the table satisfied, not stuffed

Heather J. Leidy, PhD Associate Professor

  • Dept. of Nutrition Science

Purdue University 573-825-2620 hleidy@purdue.edu