DAVID JUDE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN OUTLINE -LAKE HURON TROPHIC - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DAVID JUDE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN OUTLINE -LAKE HURON TROPHIC - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN LAKE HURON AND THE ST. CLAIR RIVER: ROLE OF INVASIVE SPECIES CHANGING FISH COMMUNITIES AND PCB DYNAMICS DAVID JUDE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN OUTLINE -LAKE HURON TROPHIC CASCADE -ST CLAIR FISH COMMUNITY CHANGES -PCB

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SLIDE 1

FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN LAKE HURON AND THE ST. CLAIR RIVER: ROLE OF INVASIVE SPECIES CHANGING FISH COMMUNITIES AND PCB DYNAMICS

DAVID JUDE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

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SLIDE 2

OUTLINE

  • LAKE HURON TROPHIC

CASCADE

  • ST CLAIR FISH COMMUNITY

CHANGES

  • PCB DYNAMICS IN THE ST

CLAIR RIVER/COMPARISON WITH OTHER RIVERS

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SLIDE 3

TROPHIC CASCADE

  • IMPROVED SEWAGE TREATMENT

PLANTS REDUCED PHOSPHORUS INPUTS

  • DREISSENIDAE
  • :::::RESULT: OLIGOTROPHICATION
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SLIDE 4

LAKE ERIE IS DEAD!

TIME

August 20, 1965

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SLIDE 5

Detroit Wastewater Treatment Plant

Total phosphorus concentration: 1966–2003

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02

Year Effluent Total Phosphorus Concentration (mg/L)

1970 Polymer and Pickle Liquor Feeding Facilities Added

1971

Michigan Limits Phosphorus in Cleaning Agents to 8.7% 1973-1976 Construction of Aeration Facilities 1977 Michigan's Phosphorus Detergent Ban 1979-80 Implementation of Alternative Sludge Removal Process

1981

Consistent Secondary Treatment

(Data Source: DWWTP)

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SLIDE 6

LAKE MICHIGAN: TOTAL P LOADINGS

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SLIDE 7
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SLIDE 8
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SLIDE 9
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SLIDE 10

MID-LAKE REEFS - 2001

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SLIDE 11

MID-LAKE REEFS - 2005

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SLIDE 12

TERRESTRIAL FOOD WEB

  • SUN
  • !
  • GRASS

! COW ! MCDONALDS

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SLIDE 13

Original Great Lakes Food Web

Phytoplankton (Algae) Zooplankton Pelagic Fish Benthic Fish Diporeia

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SLIDE 14

After Zebra and Quagga Mussels

Phytoplankton (Algae) Zooplankton Pelagic Fish Benthic Fish Diporeia Zebra/Quagga Mussels Energy Shunt

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SLIDE 15

DECLINE IN P AND ALGAE

  • CAUSED A TROPHIC CASCADE

THROUGH THE FOOD WEB AFFECTING:

  • ALGAE
  • ZOOPLANKTON
  • DIPOREIA
  • FORAGE FISHES
  • TOP PREDATORS
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SLIDE 16

WATER QUALITY

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SLIDE 17
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SLIDE 18
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SLIDE 19

Bubble plots: 12-yr changes based on slope of monitoring data

Negative trends Positive trends

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SLIDE 20
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SLIDE 21

TP

TDP

Huron Spring 12-year trend

chemistry

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SLIDE 22
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SLIDE 23
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SLIDE 24

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

1996 1997 1998 1999 2007

Huron Spring (cells/ml)

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2007

Huron Summer (cells/ml)

50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2007

Huron Spring (µm³/ml)

50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2007

Huron Summer (µm³/ml) Other/unidentified Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Blue-greens Cryptophytes Greens Chrysophytes Pennate diatoms Centric diatoms

Lake Huron comparison of pre-2000 and 2007 phytoplankton data. Data are presented for spring (left) and summer (right) sampling events based on cell density (top) and biovolume (bottom).

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SLIDE 25

Trends suggest…

  • Chemistry and biology are shifting!
  • Shifts are concordant due to interactions

among trophic levels.

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SLIDE 26

Daphnia Bosmina Cyclopoid copepod Diaptomid copepod Limnocalanus

Cladocerans Copepods

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SLIDE 27
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SLIDE 28

50000

2000

10000

2001

50000

2001

10000

2002

50000

2002

10000

2003

50000

2003

10000

2004

50000

2004

10000

2005

50000

2005

10000

2007

50000

2007

10000 Northern Lake Huron Central Lake Huron Southern Lake Huron

2008

50000 Northern Lake Huron Central Lake Huron Southern Lake Huron

2008

Rotifers Other Cladocerans Nauplii Native Predatory Cladocerans Invasive Predatory Cladocerans Immature Cyclopoids Immature Calanoids Holopedium Dreissenid Veligers Daphnia Bosminids Adult Cyclopoids

Lake Huron Biomass (ug/m3)

Left panel = Spring Right panel = Summer

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SLIDE 29

Alewife Limnocalanus too deep Bloater (whitefish larger, lake herring similar)

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SLIDE 30

AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA

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SLIDE 31

1994/95

2000 2005

Diporeia spp.

Density (per m2 x 103) 0 3 6 9 12 15

94% Decline in 10 Years

0 3 6 9 12 15 0 3 6 9 12 15 Density (per m2 x 103) Density (per m2 x 103)

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SLIDE 32

Preyfish populations in Lake Huron (USGS fall bottom trawl survey)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Biomass (kilotonnes)

round goby troutperch stickleback sculpin bloater rainbow smelt alewife

Data courtesy Ed Roseman, USGS GLSC

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SLIDE 33

1 9 7 3 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 7 2 005

Ye a r

5 0 1 00 1 5 0 2 00 2 5 0 3 00 3 5 0 4 00 4 5 0 5 00

Lak e- wi de bi

  • m

as ( k t )

B l oat er S l i m y scul pi n D eepw at er scul pi n R ai nbow sm el t A l ew i f e N i nespi ne st i ckl eback

LAKE MICHIGAN FORAGE FISH CATCHES (USGS, MADENJIAN)

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SLIDE 34

SALMON FISHERY:LK HURON

  • ALEWIFE, MAIN PREY OF SALMON,

VERY SCARCE

  • CHINOOK, COHO SALMON FISHERY

PROBABLY EXTINCT IN LAKE HURON

  • *******
  • BUT THERE HAS BEEN A

RESURGENCE IN ES, WL, LT, AND LH

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SLIDE 35
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SLIDE 36
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SLIDE 37
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SLIDE 38

A COMPARISON OF THE ST. CLAIR RIVER FISH COMMUNITY 1993 VS. 2011

DAVID JUDE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

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SLIDE 39

METHODS

  • SEINING IN NEARSHORE
  • TRAWLING AT 3, 5, 7, 9, AND 11 M
  • DAY AND NIGHT
  • APRIL-DECEMBER 1993
  • SPRING, SUMMER, AND FALL 2011
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SLIDE 40

OBJECTIVES

  • DETERMINE IF INTRODUCTION OF THE

ROUND AND TUBENOSE GOBIES HAD DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON BENTHIC SPECIES

  • EMPHASIS ON SCULPIN, DARTERS,

MADTOMS, LOGPERCH

  • ROUND GOBIES FIRST FOUND IN 1990

IN ST CLAIR RIVER

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SLIDE 41

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 % COMPOSITION

  • ST. CLAIR RIVER FISH COMMUNITY - 1993-94
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SLIDE 42

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 R GOBY L PERCH R BASS SPOTTAIL EMERALD S Y PERCH SM BASS T.-PERCH MISC % COMPOSITION

  • ST. CLAIR RIVER FISH COMMUNITY, 2011
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SLIDE 43

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 R GOBY L PERCH ALEWIFE C DARTER R BASS N MADTOM R DARTER

  • T. GOBY
  • M. SCULPIN

% COMPOSITION

  • ST. CLAIR RIVER FISH COMMUNITY: 1993 (N=11,253) VS. 2011

(N=1,454)

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SLIDE 44
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SLIDE 45
  • From 1993 to 2011, round goby composed

a similar proportion of catch: about 40%

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FISH SPECIES THAT DID NOT CHANGE

  • -- ROUND GOBY
  • --NORTHERN MADTOM, AN

ENDANGERED SPECIES

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SLIDE 47

FISH SPECIES THAT INCREASED

  • LOGPERCH – DOUBLED IN CATCH
  • ROCKBASS – TRIPLED IN CATCH
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SLIDE 48

SPECIES THAT DECLINED IN CATCH

  • -ALEWIFE: WENT FROM 5% TO NEAR 0
  • -CHANNEL DARTER (AN ENDANGERED

SPECIES): 4% TO NEAR 0

  • -RAINBOW DARTER (NATIVE SPECIES):

3% TO NEAR 0

  • MOTTLED SCULPIN (NATIVE SPECIES):

3% TO NEAR 0

  • TUBENOSE GOBY: 3% TO NEAR 0
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SLIDE 49
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SLIDE 50

PCBs IN NEW INVASIVE SPECIES FOOD CHAIN

  • AOC
  • INVASIVE SPECIES FOOD WEB
  • BIOACCUMULATION IN SPORT FISH

RESULTS

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SLIDE 51

New Food Web

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SLIDE 52
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SLIDE 53

ROUND GOBY MOLARIFORM TEETH

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SLIDE 54
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SLIDE 55

PCBs IN NEW BENTHIC, SHORTENED FOOD WEB

  • -ST. CLAIR RIVER FOOD WEB
  • -CALUMET RIVER FOOD WEB
  • -RAISIN RIVER FOOD WEB
  • -COMPARISON WITH SAGINAW RIVER

AND ST. LOUIS RIVER, DULUTH, MINN

  • ? POSSIBLE USE AS A DELISTER OF

AOCs

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SLIDE 56

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 PCBS (NG/G WW)

ST CLAIR RIVER PCBs IN THE FOOD WEB, 1999

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SLIDE 57

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 PCBs (NG/G WW)

ST CLAIR RIVER PCBS IN THE FOOD WEB, 1999

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SLIDE 58

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

  • B. ALGAE

ZEBRA M PSEUDOF AMPHIPOD CRAYFISH R GOBIES S M BASS PCBs (NG/G WW) FOOD WEB COMPONENT

  • ST. CLAIR RIVER PCBs FOOD WEB, 1999
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SLIDE 59

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 PHYTO B.ALGAE ZM PSEUDO AMPHI CRAYFIS RG SB NG/G (WW) FOOD WEB COMPONENTS

CALUMET RIVER FOOD WEB PCBs, 1999

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SLIDE 60
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SLIDE 61

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 PHYTO B.ALGAE ZM-FP PSEUDO AMPHI RG-FP - 80 SBC-348 SB-415 PCBS (NG/G WW) FOOD WEB COMPONENT

RAISIN RIVER PCBs FOOD WEB, 1999

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SLIDE 62

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 RAISIN CALUMET ST CLAIR PCBs (NG/G WW)

PCBs IN ZEBRA MUSSELS FROM VARIOUS RIVERS, 1999

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500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 RAISIN CALUMET ST CLAIR PCBs (NG/G WW) RIVERS

PCBs IN AMPHIPODS FROM VARIOUS RIVERS, 1999

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SLIDE 64

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 RAISIN CALUMET ST CLAIR SAG RIV ST LOUIS PCBs (NG/G WW) RIVERS

PCBs IN ROUND GOBIES FROM VARIOUS RIVERS, 1999

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SLIDE 65

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 RAISIN CALUMET ST CLAIR RAISIN C PCBs (NG/G WW) RIVERS

PCBs IN SMALLMOUTH BASS FROM VARIOUS RIVERS, 1999

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SLIDE 66

DELISTING CRITERIA

  • CONSIDER USING PCBS IN THE RG-

ZM-SMB FOOD WEB AS A DELISTING CRITERIA

  • DATA FROM RAISIN SUGGEST THIS

RIVER NEEDS MORE REHABILITATION, WHILE OTHERS ARE CONSIDERABLE LESS

  • BETTER CONTROL SITES REQUIRED
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SLIDE 67
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SLIDE 68

CONCLUSIONS

  • LAKE HURON IS BECOMING MORE

LIKE LAKE SUPERIOR

  • NATIVE SPECIES REBOUNDING IN

LAKE HURON- WL, ES, LT, LH

  • ST CLAIR RIVER FISH POPULATIONS

HAVE CHANGED: RG,NM:LP,RB:CD,RD,MS,AL,TN

  • NEW INVASIVE SPECIES FOOD WEB

CONDUCIVE TO PCB UPTAKE IN SMB

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SLIDE 69
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SLIDE 70

QUESTIONS?