Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 05, 2024 335 likes •598 views

Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Overview of DEEPs Road Salt Investigations CEHA Fall Chloride Workshop The Dr. Katherine A. Kelley State Public Health Laboratory November 14, 2018 Drew Kukucka, Environmental

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Overview of DEEP’s Road Salt Investigations

CEHA Fall Chloride Workshop The Dr. Katherine A. Kelley State Public Health Laboratory November 14, 2018 Drew Kukucka, Environmental Analyst Potable Water Program Coordinator

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Overview

  • 1. Sodium & Chloride Complaints/Background

Information

  • 2. Sources of Sodium & Chloride
  • 3. Road Salt - Common Links
  • 4. DEEP’s Potable Water Program
  • 5. Water Quality Concerns
  • 6. Strategy for Addressing Road Salt Impacted

Wells

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Changing Expectations…

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Sodium & Chloride Impacts to Private Wells

  • 2014 - increase in complaints relating to

elevated sodium and chloride in private wells

  • 120+ impacted wells identified within past 5

years attributed to road salt pollution

  • Typical concentrations in private drinking

water wells

  • Sodium = 300+ mg/L (100 mg/L Guidance)
  • Chloride = 600+ mg/L (250 mg/L MCL)
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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

NaCl Contaminated Drinking Water Well Complaints Per Year

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Reports Per Year

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Road Salt Impacts

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Sources of Sodium and Chloride

  • Natural salt deposits: not common in CT
  • Seawater: brackish water, salt-water intrusion
  • Salt water pool backwash
  • Agricultural, industrial chemicals, landfill

leachate

  • Water softeners: add salt to water supply,

brine backwash

  • Road Salt: storage, handling, application
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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Sodium & Chloride Impacts to Private Wells

Sources of Road Salt pollution:

  • Road application/run off
  • Most common cause
  • Drainage towards well
  • Infiltration/groundwater recharge in the vicinity
  • Parking lots – high application rate
  • Salt storage facility – storage and handling
  • Plow contractor – washing trucks
  • Plowing/placing snow on or near wellhead
  • Pushing snow off pavement/over curbing
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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

How Much Is Too Much?

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Too much?

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Too Much???

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Where Does All That Salt Go?

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Where Does All That Salt Go?

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

How Road Salt gets into Drinking Water Wells

Common links between Road Salt application and elevated sodium/chloride levels in wells:

  • Shallow depth to bedrock
  • Road drainage: open drainage, catch basins,

drainage ditches/easements, outfalls

  • Well location
  • Disposal/stockpiling of snow: plowed off road,

salt spray, snow placed in front yards

  • Poor well construction: shallow/dug wells,

damaged casing, well sealed below ground

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Well Water Quality Concerns

Elevated Sodium and Chloride in Drinking Water supplies can cause:

  • Health-related:
  • Increased sodium intake (salt-restricted diets)
  • Leaching of lead and copper from plumbing
  • Mobilization of naturally-occurring manganese
  • Corrosivity:
  • Leads to premature failure of plumbing &

appliances

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

DEEP’s Potable Water Program

CT’s Potable Water Law – Connecticut General Statutes Section 22a-471

  • DEEP investigates complaints regarding potential

impacts to drinking water wells as the result of man-made sources of pollution

  • Naturally-occurring contaminants not addressed*
  • 22a-471 requires the Responsible Party to provide

a short-term supply of drinking water and evaluate long-term solution for safe supply of drinking water

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

DEEP’s Potable Water Program

2013 Amendments to 22a-471

  • DEEP no longer has the authority to provide

short-term supply of drinking water

  • Funding eliminated for short-term supply of

drinking water (bottled water/filters)

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

DEEP’s Potable Water Program

DEEP’s Investigation

  • Limited resources - relying on well owners to test

their wells

  • Well water sampling, data analysis
  • Well-head inspection, water treatment system

use

  • File Review: well completion reports, well water

quality reports

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

DEEP’s Potable Water Program

  • Geologic mapping data
  • Aerial Photography/Streetside Imagery
  • Bedrock/Lithogeochemical maps
  • Topography/Surficial Geology/Soils
  • Further testing (if necessary)
  • Additional Well Water testing
  • Shallow Groundwater/Soil testing
  • Snowpack samples
  • Work with local and state Health Departments
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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Strategy for Addressing Road Salt Impacted Wells

Solutions for wells impacted by Road Salt application: Short-term:

  • Providing bottled water
  • Roadway drainage improvements
  • Road salt application BMPs
  • Source removal
  • On-going monitoring of well water quality
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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Strategy for Addressing Road Salt Impacted Wells Long-term Options:

  • Installing a Secondary Well Seal (Jaswell seal)

Pros:

  • Sealing off a leaking well casing seal
  • Sealing off a particular zone/fractures contributing to

poor water quality

  • Relatively inexpensive to install

Cons:

  • Reduced storage and yield
  • Can be difficult to ensure a tight seal
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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Strategy for Addressing Road Salt Impacted Wells Secondary well seal – Jaswell Seal

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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Strategy for Addressing Road Salt Impacted Wells Long-term Options:

  • Drilling a new well – well siting limitations
  • Connecting to public water (if available –

permanent solution)

  • Community well
  • POU or POE treatment:
  • Reverse Osmosis
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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Drew Kukucka Environmental Analyst Potable Water Program Coordinator CTDEEP, Remediation Division drew.kukucka@ct.gov 860-418-5955