Break-out group 4 Marisna (Indonesia) Policy recommenda.on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Break-­‑out ¡group ¡4 ¡

Marisna (Indonesia)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

¡ Policy ¡recommenda.on ¡1: ¡

¡ Quota ¡se0ng ¡to ¡increase ¡women’s ¡poli8cal ¡ par8cipa8on ¡and ¡representa8on ¡ ¡

Marisna (Indonesia)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

¡ ¡

Marisna (Indonesia)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Women’s Participation in Parliaments

Average percentage of women parlimentarians as per August 2015: Nordic countries: 41.1% Americas: 25.5% Europe excluding Nordic countries: 24.4% Sub-Saharan Africa: 23% Asia: 18.4% Middle East and North Africa: 17.1% The Pacific: 15.7% (UN WOMEN)

Marisna (Indonesia)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

¡ ¡

Other Facts

• As of January 2015, only 17 per cent of government ministers were

women, with the majority overseeing social sectors (e.g., education and the family) (UN WOMEN)

• Globally out of 41 countries, 34 had applied some form of quota
• pening space for women’s political participation: 17 use legislative

candidate quotas; 6 use reserve seats, and in 11 the parties adopt voluntary quotas (UN WOMEN)

• Countries in Europe have adopted party and legislated quota system

while some are without quota. In ASEAN out of 10 Member States,

• nly 3 (Indonesia, The Philippines, Thailand) have quota setting

system (“Quota Project”, International IDEA et al.)

Marisna (Indonesia)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

¡ ¡

Why Advocate for Women’s Political Participation?

• Women make up 49.55 percent of the world’s total population (World Bank)

which positions them as half the of the world’s power and potentials.

• Presence of women in political office can increase the political system’s

legitimacy and public confidence in the system.

• Women’s political participation can bring more attention to issues that affect

women, children and other disadvantaged groups.

• Promoting gender equality is “smart-economics” as women have the

tendency to spend on their family and community.

• Women are strongly committed to peace building, as they often

disproportionately suffer the consequences of armed conflict.

• Countries where women are supported as leaders have correspondingly low

level of corruption.

Marisna (Indonesia)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

¡ ¡

Why Quota Setting?

• Affirmative action to

safeguard women’s political participation and representation is required.

• Quota setting can be an

effective affirmative tool if combined with strong sanction system and capacity building initiatives.

• Easy to measure and

monitor (quantity-based). Quota Setting in Parliaments

Legislated ¡ Candidate ¡ Quotas ¡

Marisna (Indonesia)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

¡ ¡

Policy Recommendation

• ASEAN and EU can collaborate

through regular forums to share best practices and challenges in adopting electoral quota system.

• ASEAN and EU can also establish

joint initiatives to provide capacity building platforms for women local and national leaders and training/ workshops on gender issues in politics for men and women MPs.

• Any joint initiatives can be

channelled through ASEAN Inter- Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) and European Parliament.

Quota setting in any strategic decision making positions from local to national level to increase women’s political participation

Gender awareness raising programs for men and women Capacity building initiatives to improve women’s political and leadership skills

Bianca (Austria, Germany)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

¡ Policy ¡recommenda.on ¡2: ¡

¡ Implement ¡the ¡concept ¡of ¡gender ¡sensi8vity ¡as ¡a ¡ transna8onal ¡norm ¡into ¡school ¡curricula ¡ ¡ ¡

Bianca (Austria, Germany)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

What is the problem & background?

• The structure and content of schooling – textbooks, curricular choices,

sex distribution of teachers and administrators, teacher attitudes and behaviors, classroom and discipline practices, and the presence of violence – reflect discriminatory and harmful social norms about the appropriate roles and opportunities for boys and girls. >Traditional stereotypes are the biggest challenge for gender equality in education.

• Gender sensitization (def.): modification of behavior by raising

awareness of gender equality concerns. > gender empowerment Sources:

• UNESCO (2015). A guide for gender equality in teacher education policy and practices.

Available at: http://goo.gl/3hktRS

• UNESCO (2004). Gender-sensitivity: a training manual for sensitizing education managers,

curriculum and material developers and media professionals to gender concerns. Available at: http://goo.gl/3hktRS

Bianca (Austria, Germany)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

How do we solve it?

• EU:

– Equinet = European network of equality bodies; recommendations: Capacity- building seminar about gender equality in education. 20 May, 2016. Available at: http://www.equineteurope.org/Seminar-Gender-Equality-in-Education-836 – Best practice:

• Sweden, Government of Sweden (2016). (https://sweden.se/society/gender-equality-in-sweden/)
• ASEAN:

– Best practice:

• Thailand, World Bank & Ministry of Education in Thailand (2014). (

http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/Gender/Levtov%202014.%20Addressing %20gender%20inequalities%20in%20education.pdf)

Bianca (Austria, Germany)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Why does it need to be solved?

• reduction of barriers to personal & economic development created

by sexism.

• promotion of respect for the equally valid roles that men and women

play in their families, their communities and their nations.

• generation of respect for the individual regardless of sex.

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

¡ Policy ¡recommenda.on ¡3: ¡

¡ Understanding ¡female ¡entrepreneurship ¡as ¡a ¡mean ¡ and ¡an ¡end ¡in ¡achieving ¡gender ¡equality ¡ ¡

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Why is female entrepreneurship important in achieving gender equality?

Boost global economy Boost women economic rights A goal in achieving gender equality

All countries consider entrepreneurial promotion as a crucial policy for sustained employment creation, as well as innovation in products, production processes and organizations (OECD Council Report, 2012). Women entrepreneurs can play crucial roles in the process of economic development Helps solve the gender inequality problems in the workplace (i.e. double burden, quota leaders) Promote women into leaders Free women from institutional barriers and social norms Gender equality Female entrepreneurship

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Initiatives

• n female

entrepre- neurship

N e t w

• r

k s f

• r

f e m a l e e n t r e p r e

• n

e u r s

Strategy Europe 2020, Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan, Small business act, Strategy for equality between women and men 2010-2015, ASEAN Gender Responsive Economic Actions for the Transformation of women European Network of Female Entrepreneurship Ambassadors, European Network of Mentors for Women Entrepreneurs, ASEAN Women Entrepreneurship Network

What has been done?

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Some laws are unclear and there are no or little instruction as to how to practice them. No specific and comprehensive policy for promoting female innovators/inventors entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurship in STEM The possibility of creating a political ghetto, or in other words, marginalizing women

What hasn’t been done well?

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Low number of female entrepreneurs compared to men Women own lower value companies More necessity entrepreneurs rather than opportunity entrepreneurs, especially in ASEAN nations. Women are forced into entrepreneurship rather than

• ut of free will due to a lack of government intervention

in work-life balance

Problems faced by female entrepreneurs

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Problems faced by female entrepreneurs

w

• m

e n ’ s e d u c a t i

• n

a l c h

• i

c e , w

• m

e n ’ s h

• r

i z

• n

t a l a n d v e r t i c a l s e g r e g a t i

• n

, g e n d e r s t e r e

• t

y p e s

Economic obstacles

difficulties in accessing finance

Soft obstacles

L a c k

• f

a c c e s s t

• r

e l e v a n t t e c h n i c a l s c i e n t i f i c a n d g e n e r a l b u s i n e s s n e t w

• r

k s , l a c k

• f

b u s i n e s s t r a i n i n g a n d

• f

r

• l

e m

• d

e l s

Contextual obstacles

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

• Data accumulation & evaluation
• Revision of EU policies
• Develop systematic policies that are gender-sensitive

and consider entrepreneurship in terms of differences, not from a phallogocentric perspective

Gender mainstreaming

• Information,
• Education (especially in STEM & increase

awareness of entrepreneurship from young age)

• Capital
• Networks

Increase access

How to reinforce female entrepreneurship?

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam)

2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

• Accentuate and support the role of female

entrepreneurs, especially young women, as

• pportunity businesswomen capable of growing

innovative and high value startups, through facilitating access to funds, business consulting, incubators & competitions

Promote innovative, high value startups

• Support Cross-overs of necessity entrepreneurs into

Male-Dominated Sectors

Horizontal desegregation

How to reinforce female entrepreneurship?

Thank ¡you ¡for ¡your ¡aBen8on! ¡