BOTANICALS SPICES & HERBS S. BALASUBRAMANIAN Senior Scientist - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
BOTANICALS SPICES & HERBS S. BALASUBRAMANIAN Senior Scientist CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF POST HARVEST ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India, Email: balaciphet@yahoo.com SPICE & HERB ? HERBS Leaves (sometimes seeds),
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF POST HARVEST ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India, Email: balaciphet@yahoo.com
Senior Scientist
HERBS
Leaves (sometimes seeds), usually from temperate-
SPICES
flowers, fruits, or bark of tropical-origin plants No clear distinction
Very lucrative Easily be transported Improved food & health Many diverse uses Spicy food considered classy, sign of wealth
Plant protection from herbivores & pathogens (mostly fungi, bacteria) Secondary compounds have anti-microbial activities
Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties of many essential oils are well established and are related to their function as plant secondary compounds However, rigorous scientific testing to substantiate
SPICE PART OF PLANT USED Black pepper Dried fruits (pepper corns) Ginger/Turmeric Rhizome (underground stem) Nutmeg Seed Mace Covering of nutmeg seeds Cloves Unopened flower buds Cinnamon Bark Cardamom Fruits, seeds
SPICES & HERBS
ACTIVE COMPONENT
Black pepper Piperine Coriander Linalool Cinnamon Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol Fenugreek Choline, Trigonelline Turmeric Curcumin
Essential oils are absorbed thru nose, lungs & skin Trigger physiological response Believed to affect both the immune and endocrine systems
holistic approach
Influence moods, memory, emotions, performance, and general well-being Many oils are also
Can also be used to treat insect bites, burns and cuts
Spices Benefits
Black pepper Analgesic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antipyretic compound. Coriander Analgesic, carminative, digestive, depurative, deodorant, natural antibiotic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory galactagogue; antibilious, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, appetizer, aromatic, diaphoretic, diuretic, refrigerant, stimulant, stomachic, fungicidal, lipolytic, antispasmodic agent. Cinnamon Anti-Clotting, anti-microbial agent, invigorating tonic Fenugreek Immunomodulatory, antioxidant, chemopreventive, anticancer, antidiabetic, gastroprotective agent. Turmeric Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticoagulant, anticancerous, chemopreventive, bioprotectant, antiviral, antimicrobial, antiprotozoan, antiparasitic, anti-proliferation, anti-invasion, and anti-angiogenesis, antispasmodic agent
ESSENTIAL OIL MEDICINAL PROPERTY Eucalyptus Anti-inflammatory, arthritis, relaxation Lavender Antiseptic, respiratory infections, relaxation Pine Asthma, arthritis, depression Rose Antiseptic, Insomnia, relaxation Rosemary Bronchitis, depression, mental alertness Sandalwood Acne, bronchitis, depression Tea Tree Respiratory infections, depression
INTRINSIC chemical quality viz., the retention of volatile oil, alkaloids and oleoresins … EXTRINSIC physical quality viz., appearance, texture, shape, impurities, colour … In addition some HEALTH REQUIREMENTS viz., pesticide residue, aflatoxin, heavy metals, sulphur dioxide, solvent residues and microbiological quality.
QUALITY OF SPICES?
Prevailing stringent regulations/ preferences … demands superior technology for production, processing, packaging and transportation …. Thus, Cryogenic grinding, Super critical fluid extraction Micro encapsulation ….. shows a promising features for promotion of export /domestic market
TECHNOLOGY …
CRYOGENIC GRINDING
Low temperature grinding Produces superfine spice powders Liquid nitrogen is employed to cool the feed granules below their glass transition temperature
Parameter Cryogenic Traditional Energy Consumption Low High Throughput High Low Mill Clogging No Clogging Frequent Volatile Losses Minimum Higher Motor Capacity Low High Control on particle size Effective No control Grinding of soft material Possible Very difficult Fire Risk No High Air Pollution No Yes Microbial Load Does not exist Possible COMPARISON OF CRYOGENIC & TRADITIONAL GRINDING
CRYOGENIC GRINDER
SPICES AMBIENT GRINDING CRYOGENIC GRINDING
OIL (%) OLEORESIN (%) PIPERINE (%) Ambient 50 Grade I 1.2 7.1 2.2 85 Grade II 1.2 6.6 1.8 PAN Grade III 1.2 6.7 2 Cryogenic 50 Grade I 2 11.9 4.1 85 Grade II 1.6 6.5 1.9 PAN Grade III 1.6 7.8 2.2 BLACK PEPPER
MICROENCAPSULATION
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
Name Part of plant Important Constituents Uses Lemongrass and Citronella Leaf Citral Citronella Terpenes Perfumery, Disinfectant Eucalyptus Leaf Cineale, Citronella, Terpenes Decongestant Cinnamon leaf Leaf Eugenol, Eugenol acetate, Cinnamic aldehyde Used to make artificial
Clove Bud Eugenol Dentistry, Flavouring Turpentine
Paints Lavender Flower Linalol Perfumery Sandalwood Wood Sanatols Perfumery Nutmeg Nut Myristicin Flavouring Almond Nut Benzaldehyde Flavouring Coriander Seed Linalol, Terpenes Flavouring
ESSENTIAL OILS
Demand for plant based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplement, cosmetics are increasing India has lot of potential for producing world class spices and herbal functional products and medicines.
… friend of physicians and the praise of cooks …
Senior Scientist CIPHET Ludhiana balaciphet@yahoo.com 09915649680