Awareness Raising of Child to Parent Violence for Practitioners in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Awareness Raising of Child to Parent Violence for Practitioners in Ireland Evidence from Research Child t o Parent Violence: European Perspect ives Sallis Benney Theat re, Universit y of Bright on, England 29 t h January 2015 With
Child t o Parent Violence: European Perspect ives Sallis Benney Theat re, Universit y of Bright on, England 29t h January 2015
With financial support from the DAPHNE Programme of the European Union.
Int roduct ions R
eview of Child t o Parent Violence
Prevalance abroud and in Ireland Int roduct ion t o t he Non Violent R
esist ance Programme
R
esearch Met hodology
R
esearch R esult s
R
esearch Anaylsis
Key learning and Messages
(Avrahim-Krehwinkel & Aldridge 2010; Omer 2004, 2011;
Laust er et al 2014)
int eract ion t hrough conflict which leads t o recurrent cycles of violence.
violence.
(Omer 2004, Omer & Weinblat t 2008, Coogan 2012, Coogan &
Laust er 2014).
class, wit h “ over ent it led” children
(Gallagher 2004, 2008, 2014).
(Walsh & Krienert 2009)
Approximat ely, how many families do you current ly
work wit h? Mean 17.28 St d Deviat ion 12.53
In how many of t he families t hat you have ident ified
above are t here concerns about violence by anyone in t he family? 8.19 St d Deviat ion 9.10
In how many of t he families t hat you have ident ified
above are t here concerns about violence by children/ young person in t he family? 3.86 St d Deviat ion 4.50
(Omer 2004; Weinblat t & Omer 2008; Coogan & Laust er 2014a, 2014b; Laust er et al 2014).
Commit ment . Breaking t he escalat ion
cycle – ending behaviour pat t erns & pressing t he pause but t on.
S
t epping out of secrecy – t he support er net work.
Increasing parent al
presence.
Ext ernalise t he behaviour. Declarat ion of commit ment
t o Non Violence Resist ance.
Non violent resist ance &
prot est – refusal of orders, service st rike, prot est sit in
Reconciliation S
t eps - drawing out posit ive aspect s of child’s personalit y.
Increase capacity and skills of front line workers t o recognise
and respond t o CPV .
Ensure workers are able t o feel confident t o work in t his area.
Facilit at ed by Declan Coogan alone or wit h Eileen Laust er. Used short present at ions of t opics followed by small group
discussions and role plays wit h an emphasis on CBT , solut ion focused t herapy and syst emic t echniques.
Solicit ed quest ions oft en and provided an overall posit ive
experience for t rainees. (see WS4 for Training Evaluat ions).
Number of t rainings Pre-Training, Post -Training and Follow-up Int erviews Number of complet ed quest ionnaires Descript ion of Quest ionnaires Percent ages of males and females Educat ion levels Experience post lat est qualification
Number of t rainings- S
ix t rainings from July 2013 t o S ept . 2014 all held in Ireland on t he Non Violent Resist ance programme.
Number of complet ed quest ionnaires- 145 people at t ended one
elf- Efficacy Quest ionnaires 1 and/ or 2. Of t hese, 110 at t endees complet ed bot h Quest ionnaires 1 and 2.
Percent ages of males and females- 80%
females and 20% males.
Educat ion levels- Cert ificat e 9%
, Degree 26% , Post graduate Diploma 30% , Mast ers 26% , PhD 2% , Ot her 7% .
Experience level post lat est qualificat ion- Newly qualified 5%
, Two t o Five years 17% , S ix t o Twelve years 38% , Over Twelve years 40% .
Descript ion of Quest ionnaires- The first 42 quest ions in
Quest ionnaire 1 and 2 are ident ical. They are Likert scaling quest ions for a st at ement rat ed 1-S t rongly Agree, 2-Agree, 3- Neit her Agree nor Disagree, 4-Disagree, and 5-S t rongly Disagree.
Grouping of Quest ions and Cronback’s Alpha result s- Worker
Confidence Levels wit h Parent s- .762, Worker Confidence Levels wit h Children/ Y
kill Levels wit h Parent s- .808 and Worker S kill Levels wit h Children/ Y
People- .792.
Any missing dat a for each quest ion was discarded. The paired T-Test
was performed in SPSS. Of t he 28 quest ions t hat were analysed, 25 had st at ist ically significant result s. This means t hat t he overall increase in ranking scores for each of t he four headings was not due t o chance.
The first quest ion was not found t o be st at ically significant . We
believe it was due t o it being worded in t he negat ive.
The ot her t wo quest ions t hat were not st at ist ically significant were
in t he Confidence wit h Working wit h Children Sect ion. We believe t his was due t o t he NVR programme focus on working wit h parent s and not young people in part icular. Therefore, many of t hose at t ending eit her work or have an int erest primarily wit h parent s and less int erest or experience working wit h young people.
There were 10 Follow-Up Int erviews wit h pract it ioners held
t hree or more mont hs aft er t hey had at t ended t he t raining
S
even of t he t en pract it ioners implement ed t he NVR programme wit h parent s in t heir workplace in t he int ervening period
The remaining t hree pract it ioners said t hey would have liked t o
implement t he t raining; however t hey had not encount ered any referrals relat ing t o CPV prior t o t he Follow-Up Int erviews.
The t raining in t he Non Violent Resist ance programme developed and implement ed by t he RCPV proj ect increased pract it ioner awareness and underst anding of child t o parent violence;
The t raining programmes developed and implement ed by t he RCPV Proj ect increased pract it ioner self-efficacy;
The t raining programmes developed and implement ed by t he RCPV Proj ect provided pract it ioners wit h t he relevant skills t o work wit h parent s and children when child t o parent violence t akes place;
The RCPV S elf Efficacy Quest ionnaires are st at ist ically reliable measurement s/ t ools t hat can be used in fut ure research;
The fact t hat request s for RCPV t raining exceeded t he resources of t he proj ect t o provide t he t raining wit hin t he lifespan of t he proj ect highlight s t he fact t hat child t o parent violence is a growing social problem and t here is a high demand for t he pract it ioner t raining packages t hat were developed as part of t he Proj ect .
As t he Proj ect is making t he t raining and research resources
freely available via t he end of proj ect conference and t he www.rcpv.eu websit e, furt her t raining and research should be provided t o t rack t he development of pract ice, policy and research responses t o t his problem.
Fut ure research could explore parent / carer self-efficacy in
relat ion t o responding t o child t o parent violence.
Coogan, D & Laust er (2014a) Rest oring Compet ence & Confidence – Non Violent Resist ance as a Response t o Child t o Parent Violence in Ireland. Cont ext – t he Magazine for Family Therapy and S yst emic Pract ice in t he UK.
Coogan D & Laust er, E (2014b) Non Violent Resist ance for Pract it ioners – Responding t o Child t o Parent Violence in Pract ice. NUI Galway/ RCPV Proj ect .
Coogan (2012) Marking t he Boundaries – When t roublesome becomes abusive and children cross t he line in family violence. Feedback – Journal of t he Family Therapy Associat ion of Ireland. Summer 2012: 74-86.
Coogan, D (2011) Child t o Parent Violence: Challenging Perspect ives on Family
Gallagher, E 2004a Parent s Vict imised by t heir Children, Aust ralia New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT), Vol. 25, No1: 1-12.
Gallagher, E 2004b Y
, Vol. 25, Vol. 2: 94- 105.
Laust er, E, Quinn, A, Brosnahan, J & Coogan, D (2014) Pract ical S t rat egies for Coping wit h Child-t o-Parent Violence: The Non Violent Resist ance Programme in Pract ice. Irish Probat ion Journal. Vol. 11, Oct ober 2014: 208-221.
Omer, H (2004) Nonviolent Resist ance – A New Approach t o Violent and S elf - Dest ruct ive Children. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge Universit y Press.
Pagani, L, Tremblay, R E, Nagin, D, Zoccolilo, M, Vit aro, F , McDuff, P (2009) Risk Fact or Models for Verbal and Physical Aggression t owards Fat hers. Journal of Family Violence. Vol. 24: 173- 182.
Walsh, J A & Krienert , J L (2007) Child-Parent Violence: An Empirical Analysis of Offender, Vict im and Event Charact erist ics in a Nat ional S ample of Report ed Incident s. Journal of Family Violence. Vol. 22: 563-574.
Walsh, J A & Krienert , J. L (2009) A Decade of Child-Init iat ed Family Violence: Comparat ive Analysis of Child-Parent Violence and Parricide Examining Offender, Vict im and Event Charact erist ics in a Nat ional S ample of Report ed Incident s 1995-
Weinblat t , U & Omer, H (2008) Nonviolent resist ance: a t reat ment for parent s of children wit h acut e behaviour problems. Journal of Marit al and Family Therapy,