SLIDE 1
Attention
Eye tracking seminar 2/19/15 Presented by Tatiana Emmanouil
- What is attention?
- How is attention allocated?
- How are eye movements related to attention?
- Further questions
Attention Eye tracking seminar 2/19/15 Presented by Tatiana - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Attention Eye tracking seminar 2/19/15 Presented by Tatiana - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Attention Eye tracking seminar 2/19/15 Presented by Tatiana Emmanouil Outline What is attention? How is attention allocated? How are eye movements related to attention? Further questions Attention Attention
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- Attention highlights relevant sensory information.
Attention
- Attention has a limited capacity
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How is attention allocated?
- We can direct attention to information that is relevant
for our goals top-down attention
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How is attention allocated?
- We can direct attention to serve our behavioral goals
top-down attention
- Attention is often captured by salient stimuli in the
environment bottom-up attention
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How is attention allocated?
- We can direct attention to serve our behavioral goals
top-down attention
- Attention is often captured by salient stimuli in the
environment bottom-up attention
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Top-down vs bottom-up attention
Top-down:
stored representations modify the priorities given to different stimuli
Sensory processing Stored representations, expectations priors Bottom-up
Stimulus “hijacks” the system based on its features
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Separate attention networks
Top-down attention: Dorsal network Bottom-up attention Ventral network
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Interaction between top-down and bottom-up attention
- Salience maps contain a map of locations that are differentially
activated depending on both bottom-up salience and top-down goals
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Attention and eye movements
- Attention and eye movements are naturally linked
- However attention can shift without an eye movement
- Attention with eye movements = overt attention
- Attention without eye movements = covert attention
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- The neural networks that support attentional shifts and eye
movements overlap (Corbetta et al., 1998)
- Premotor theory of attention (Rizolatti et al., 1987):
A shift of attention is a planned eye movement
Attention and eye movements
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Attention and eye movements
- A large body of research investigates covert shifts of attention.
McMains et al., 2007
- In these experiments participants are asked to attend while
maintaining central fixation.
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Covert attention can be studied!
Cue Interval Valid target * * * * Invalid target
- Reaction times are faster for targets that appear in attended
compared to unattended locations.
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Further questions
- Does attention highlight locations in space or entire objects?
- In what ways does attention “enhance” the processing of
information?
- What happens to information that we do not attend to?
- Are there some types of objects or scenes that require less
attention to be perceived?
SLIDE 18
What happens when we do not attend?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWSxSQsspiQ