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Affectedness in Child Language with a focus on experimental design - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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6/17/2014 | 1 Affectedness in Child Language with a focus on experimental design Bart Hollebrandse Affectedness Workshop Nanyang Technological University Singapore 6/17/2014 | 2 Language Acquisition / Variation Methodology

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Affectedness in Child Language

with a focus on experimental design

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Bart Hollebrandse

Affectedness Workshop Nanyang Technological University Singapore

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› Language Acquisition / Variation › Methodology › Aspect, passives

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COST Action A33

› PI: Uli Sauerland (ZAS, Berlin)

  • Vice-chair: Heather van der Lely (Harvard University)

› Crosslinguistically Robust Stages of Children’s Linguistic Performance, with Applications to the Diagnosis of Specific Language Impairment › 25 languages, 40+ researchers › 2006-2010

› Funded by COST European Cooperation in Science and Technology › http://cost.zas.gwz-berlin.de/cost/

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Co-authors & Languages

› Basque: Marie-José Ezeizabarrena › Croatian: Gordana Hržica, Melita Kovačević, Jelena Kuvač, Ana Bosnic › Danish: Kristine Jensen-Lopez › Dutch: Angeliek v.Hout, Bart Hollebrandse, Judith v.Dijk, Margreet v.Koert › English: Alma Veenstra, Napoleon Katsos, Heather van der Lely › Estonian: Reili Argus › Greek: Katerina Konstantzou › Cypriot Greek: Kleanthes Grohmann, Eleni Theodorou › Italian: Fabrizio Arosio, Ruggero Montalto, Vincenzo Tabacco › Polish: Dorota Kiebzak-Mandera › Russian: Katja Abrosova, Natalia Gagarina › Serbian: Darinka Andjelković, Masa Popović, Maja Savić, Ana Bosnic › Spanish: Isabel Garcia del Réal, Yolanda Rodriguez

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Van Hout, A, Gagarina, N & Dressler W. and many others (2010)

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Perfective and Imperfective Aspect

Time line Now Time line Now

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Completion In progress

Ref time Ref time

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Why is Aspect Interesting?

Crosslinguistic variation

› Parameterized › Form › Markedness › Grammaticalization

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Crosslinguistic Expression of Aspect

› Germanic English › Greek

Modern Greek

› Slavic

Russian, Polish, Croatian, Serbian

› Romance Italian, Spanish › Isolate

Basque

› Germanic Danish, Dutch › Fin-Ugric

Estonian

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Morphological aspect Aspectual past tenses Aspect periphrasis No aspect on verb

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Crosslinguistic Expression of Aspect

› Morphological aspect

Imperfective Perfective

builtIMP bridge builtPF bridge Greek ehtize mia yefira ehtise mia yefira Russian stroil most postroil most Polish budował most zbudował most Croatian je gradio most je sagradio most Serbian je gradio most je sagradio most English was building built

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Crosslinguistic Expression of Aspect

› Aspectual tenses

Imperfective Perfective

builtIMP bridge builtPF bridge Spanish construía un puente construyó un puente Italian costruiva un ponte ha costruito un ponte Basque zubia egiten ari zen zubia egin du

bridge buildIMP PROG was bridge buildPF has

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Crosslinguistic Expression of Aspect

› Aspect periphrasis

Imperfective Perfective

builtIMP bridge builtPF bridge Dutch was een brug aan het bouwen heeft een brug gebouwd

was a bridge on the build has built a bridge

Danish var ved at bygge en bro havde bygget en bro

was by to build a bridge had built a bridge

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Crosslinguistic Expression of Aspect

› No verbal aspect, but object case marking

Imperfective Perfective

built bridgeIMP built bridgePF Estonian ehitas sil-da ehitas sil-la

built bridgePART built bridgeGEN

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RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS

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Research questions

› Are there universal milestones in aspect acquisition? › Are there language-specific effects?

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General Hypothesis

› Reliable form-meaning relations are easy to acquire › What determines reliability?

  • More obligatoriness >> more optionality
  • Less ambiguity >> more ambiguity
  • One-one >> one-many >> many-many

Clark 1993, Slobin 1973,1985

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METHODS

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Participants

› 5-year-olds

  • N ≈ 20 in 12 lgs
  • Total N=247

› Adults

  • N ≈ 10 in 12 lgs
  • Total N=135

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Materials can be used, but only by authorᾼs permission.

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Tasks & Design

› Truth value judgment

While the music was playing, … › the clown built-PERF a bridge › the clown was building-IMP a bridge

› Elicited production

› While the music was playing, …

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Imperfective Perfective Complete yes yes Incomplete yes no

Completion entailment

Form Complete Incomplete

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Materials

› Telic VPs: Transitive V + singular count noun › 6 Items per condition › Lexical effect: Verbs from 2 aspectual classes

  • Incremental theme
  • Build, make, draw
  • Change of state
  • Open, close, blow out

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Materials can be used, but only by authorᾼs permission.

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More movies

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Materials can be used, but only by authorᾼs permission.

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RESULTS

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Adults Children

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Age not significant

Comprehension

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Children–Incomplete: imperfective vs perfective

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Aspect; Language; Aspect x Language across lgs: p<.001; Aspect within each lg: p<. 001

Accept PERF for Incomplete Reject IMP for Incomplete

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Lexical effects

Aspectual class plays role too

› Change verbs -- open, close, blow out

  • Firm completion entailment in all lgs

› Incremental verbs -- build, make, draw

  • Fewer completion entailments
  • Even for adults in some lgs
  • Crosslinguistic variation

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Children–Incomplete perfective

Incremental -- build, make, draw vs Change -- open, close, blow out

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Across lgs: Language x Aspectual class x Aspect: p<.001

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Adults Children

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Production

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Adults Children

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Production PERF

Underuse PERF for Complete

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Adults Children

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Production IMP

Overuse IMP for Complete

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Dutch

› Periphrasitic => Imperfective De clown was een brug aan het bouwen.

the clown was a bridge on the build

› Present perfect => Perfective De clown heeft een brug gebouwd.

the clown has a bridge built.

› Simple past => either one De clown bouwde een brug.

the clown built a bridge

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Summarizing

› Language variation in Indo European language acquisition › Movies for comprehension and productio

  • Beavers (2013) (my modification)
  • John walked (to the cafe)
  • esg[walking’(j,s,e)  result’(s,g,e)]

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Passives

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11 languages (274 + 198 children)

  • Catalan
  • Cypriot Greek
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • English
  • Estonian
  • Finnish
  • German
  • Hebrew
  • Lithuanian
  • Polish

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Design + Materials

› Method: Picture choice › Verbs used:

carry, examine, comb, cover, draw, feed, hug, make-up, push, scratch, tickle, wash, wipe/dry. › Long – short passives

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Materials can be used, but only by authorᾼs permission.

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MIJN FOTOBOEK

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correct reversal mislabelling The big girl was pushed by the little girl. distractor

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Results

› Short earlier than long passives › Mistakes are revearsals (to active)

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THANK YOU

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