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Advances in Internet data flow transport ISAE-SUPAERO Macquarie University, the 22nd November 2018 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 1 / 1 Toulouse complex for space and aeronautic Toulouse, south west of France 1 000 000 inhabitants and we love rugby

  1. Why doing research in this area Internet constantly evolves blablabla... No way ! Are you kidding ? The truth is ◮ I love that, it’s fun ! ◮ I mostly get money from the satellite partners, aeonautical partners (@ is on board, embedded cameras too), broadcasting companies, video provider, ISP, ... ◮ First question from them : ”How can I speed up my video flow/traffic or increase my QoE with your stuff ?” Trends are clear ◮ Huge video streaming traffic ⋆ France, corresponds to 90% of the Internet traffic since 2012 (IDATE) ⋆ By 2021, 80% of the world’s Internet traffic will we video (CISCO) ◮ Mobility : your mobile is your computer ⋆ Mobile internet traffic as percentage of total web traffic : 20% (2012), 40% (2015), 52% in January 2018 ⋆ Huge for some countries : India 79%, Singapore 78% 1 1. https://www.statista.com/statistics/430830/share-of-mobile-internet-traffic-countries/ ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 7 / 1

  2. So OK, Internet contantly evolves Problem : past hypothesis used to build communication protocols do not hold today (the truth since 1960 !) How to tackle these evolutions ? Common method is to propose Yet Another Communication Protocol able to handle ⇒ application needs ⇒ new media and communication paradigms ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 8 / 1

  3. So OK, Internet contantly evolves Problem : past hypothesis used to build communication protocols do not hold today (the truth since 1960 !) How to tackle these evolutions ? Common method is to propose Yet Another Communication Protocol able to handle ⇒ application needs ⇒ new media and communication paradigms In brief nothing new and this is what I do But this approach still holds ? ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 8 / 1

  4. Non-exhaustive congestion control mechanisms timeline End-to-end protocols Tahoe 0 9 9 1 GPS LAS WFQ Core network sched/AQM ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 9 / 1

  5. Non-exhaustive congestion control mechanisms timeline End-to-end protocols SACK Vegas Newreno Tahoe Reno 0 0 9 0 9 0 1 2 GPS LAS RED ECN WFQ BLUE CHOKE WF2Q+ Core network sched/AQM ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 9 / 1

  6. Westwood Non-exhaustive congestion control mechanisms timeline End-to-end protocols DCCP Skype Hybla SCTP SACK Vegas Westwood+ HTCP Newreno VENO BIC CUBIC FAST Compound Tahoe Reno 0 0 0 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 2 2 GPS LAS RED ECN YELLOW XCP WFQ BLUE CHOKE A-RED RIO A-RIO WF2Q+ RUN2C DCTCP Core network sched/AQM ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 9 / 1

  7. Westwood Non-exhaustive congestion control mechanisms timeline End-to-end protocols DCCP Skype WebRTC Hybla SCTP SACK REMY Vegas Westwood+ HTCP SPROUT Newreno VENO BIC CUBIC MPTCP BBR FAST Compound Tahoe Reno QUIC LEDBAT 0 0 0 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 2 2 GPS LAS RED ECN YELLOW XCP CODEL PIE pFABRIC WFQ BLUE CHOKE A-RED RIO A-RIO WF2Q+ RUN2C DCTCP CBACC Core network sched/AQM ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 9 / 1

  8. Where these solutions take place ? Applications Applications user-level kernel-level Operating System hardware ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 10 / 1

  9. Where these solutions take place ? Applications Applications user-level kernel-level Transport Operating System hardware ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 10 / 1

  10. Where these solutions take place ? Applications Applications user-level kernel-level Transport Operating System Network hardware ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 10 / 1

  11. Where these solutions take place ? Applications Applications user-level kernel-level Transport Operating System Network Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 10 / 1

  12. Where these solutions take place ? Applications Applications user-level kernel-level TCP UDP ... Operating System Network Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 10 / 1

  13. Where these solutions take place ? Applications Applications user-level You are here ! kernel-level TCP UDP ... Operating System Network Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 10 / 1

  14. Where these solutions take place ? Applications Applications user-level kernel-level TCP UDP ... Operating System AQM SCHED ... Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 10 / 1

  15. Where these solutions take place ? Applications Applications user-level kernel-level TCP UDP ... You are here ! Operating System AQM SCHED ... Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 10 / 1

  16. End-to-end protocols deployment Main problem : you must convince OS vendors, GNU/Linux consortium, same problem with layer 3 mechanisms but a bit more accessible ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 11 / 1

  17. End-to-end protocols deployment Main problem : you must convince OS vendors, GNU/Linux consortium, same problem with layer 3 mechanisms but a bit more accessible Hypothesis : your idea is a good/great idea ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 11 / 1

  18. End-to-end protocols deployment Main problem : you must convince OS vendors, GNU/Linux consortium, same problem with layer 3 mechanisms but a bit more accessible Hypothesis : your idea is a good/great idea Step #1 enthusiastic - you publish, communicate, run over standardisation bodies (IEEE, ITU-T, IETF, ...) ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 11 / 1

  19. End-to-end protocols deployment Main problem : you must convince OS vendors, GNU/Linux consortium, same problem with layer 3 mechanisms but a bit more accessible Hypothesis : your idea is a good/great idea Step #1 enthusiastic - you publish, communicate, run over standardisation bodies (IEEE, ITU-T, IETF, ...) ”I will be the next Van Jacobson of the transport layer !” ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 11 / 1

  20. End-to-end protocols deployment Main problem : you must convince OS vendors, GNU/Linux consortium, same problem with layer 3 mechanisms but a bit more accessible Hypothesis : your idea is a good/great idea Step #1 enthusiastic - you publish, communicate, run over standardisation bodies (IEEE, ITU-T, IETF, ...) ”I will be the next Van Jacobson of the transport layer !” Step #2 frustration - ”Why my fantastic protocol is not accepted !” ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 11 / 1

  21. End-to-end protocols deployment Main problem : you must convince OS vendors, GNU/Linux consortium, same problem with layer 3 mechanisms but a bit more accessible Hypothesis : your idea is a good/great idea Step #1 enthusiastic - you publish, communicate, run over standardisation bodies (IEEE, ITU-T, IETF, ...) ”I will be the next Van Jacobson of the transport layer !” Step #2 frustration - ”Why my fantastic protocol is not accepted !” Step #3 resignation - ”They don’t know what they are lossing. I give up I will limit myself to publish papers.” ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 11 / 1

  22. End-to-end protocols deployment Main problem : you must convince OS vendors, GNU/Linux consortium, same problem with layer 3 mechanisms but a bit more accessible Hypothesis : your idea is a good/great idea Step #1 enthusiastic - you publish, communicate, run over standardisation bodies (IEEE, ITU-T, IETF, ...) ”I will be the next Van Jacobson of the transport layer !” Step #2 frustration - ”Why my fantastic protocol is not accepted !” Step #3 resignation - ”They don’t know what they are lossing. I give up I will limit myself to publish papers.” Step #4 doubt (moreover may be after paper rejection) - ”Am I a bad researcher ? Did I miss something ?” ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 11 / 1

  23. End-to-end protocols deployment Main problem : you must convince OS vendors, GNU/Linux consortium, same problem with layer 3 mechanisms but a bit more accessible Hypothesis : your idea is a good/great idea Step #1 enthusiastic - you publish, communicate, run over standardisation bodies (IEEE, ITU-T, IETF, ...) ”I will be the next Van Jacobson of the transport layer !” Step #2 frustration - ”Why my fantastic protocol is not accepted !” Step #3 resignation - ”They don’t know what they are lossing. I give up I will limit myself to publish papers.” Step #4 doubt (moreover may be after paper rejection) - ”Am I a bad researcher ? Did I miss something ?” Step #5 therapy - ”You are not alone... n ” n ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 11 / 1

  24. Bad timing theory David Clark (MIT) ”apocalypse of the two elephants” theory on the OSI model failure against DoD one (i.e. TCP/IP model) ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 12 / 1

  25. Bad timing theory David Clark (MIT) ”apocalypse of the two elephants” theory on the OSI model failure against DoD one (i.e. TCP/IP model) Research $ Investment Activity Standards Time ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 12 / 1

  26. Bad timing theory David Clark (MIT) ”apocalypse of the two elephants” theory on the OSI model failure against DoD one (i.e. TCP/IP model) Research $ Investment Activity Standards Time The challenge is to come up with standards between both ”elephants” ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 12 / 1

  27. Bad timing theory David Clark (MIT) ”apocalypse of the two elephants” theory on the OSI model failure against DoD one (i.e. TCP/IP model) Research $ Investment Activity Standards Time The challenge is to come up with standards between both ”elephants” Before ⇒ not well understood, there is on-going research ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 12 / 1

  28. Bad timing theory David Clark (MIT) ”apocalypse of the two elephants” theory on the OSI model failure against DoD one (i.e. TCP/IP model) Research $ Investment Activity Standards Time The challenge is to come up with standards between both ”elephants” Before ⇒ not well understood, there is on-going research After ⇒ investment done, too late mate ! ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 12 / 1

  29. How to thwart slow new proposals adoption Applications user-level kernel-level Operating System hardware ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 13 / 1

  30. How to thwart slow new proposals adoption Applications Applications user-level kernel-level Operating System hardware ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 13 / 1

  31. How to thwart slow new proposals adoption Applications Applications UL Transport user-level kernel-level Operating System hardware ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 13 / 1

  32. How to thwart slow new proposals adoption Applications Applications UL Transport user-level kernel-level Transport Operating System Network Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 13 / 1

  33. How to thwart slow new proposals adoption Applications Applications HTTP, DASH, ... user-level kernel-level TCP Operating System Network Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 13 / 1

  34. How to thwart slow new proposals adoption Applications Applications RTP user-level kernel-level UDP Operating System Network Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 13 / 1

  35. How to thwart slow new proposals adoption Applications Applications QUIC user-level kernel-level UDP Operating System Network Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 13 / 1

  36. How to thwart slow new proposals adoption The messie protocol ? Applications Applications QUIC user-level kernel-level UDP Operating System Network Link hardware 011010110100101 ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 13 / 1

  37. Proposing a new protocol You MUST prevent congestion (for the network) ◮ Does not mean you are mandatory TCP-friendly see Flow Rate Fairness : Dismantling a Religion by Bob Briscoe ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 14 / 1

  38. Proposing a new protocol You MUST prevent congestion (for the network) ◮ Does not mean you are mandatory TCP-friendly see Flow Rate Fairness : Dismantling a Religion by Bob Briscoe ◮ So congestion occurs when the traffic increases ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 14 / 1

  39. Proposing a new protocol You MUST prevent congestion (for the network) ◮ Does not mean you are mandatory TCP-friendly see Flow Rate Fairness : Dismantling a Religion by Bob Briscoe ◮ So congestion occurs when the traffic increases resulting in a slowing down of the QoE ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 14 / 1

  40. Proposing a new protocol You MUST prevent congestion (for the network) ◮ Does not mean you are mandatory TCP-friendly see Flow Rate Fairness : Dismantling a Religion by Bob Briscoe ◮ So congestion occurs when the traffic increases resulting in a slowing down of the QoE You SHOULD care about privacy (for the user) ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 14 / 1

  41. Proposing a new protocol You MUST prevent congestion (for the network) ◮ Does not mean you are mandatory TCP-friendly see Flow Rate Fairness : Dismantling a Religion by Bob Briscoe ◮ So congestion occurs when the traffic increases resulting in a slowing down of the QoE You SHOULD care about privacy (for the user) To do so, we use collaborating congestion control algorithms that can be placed anywhere in the network ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 14 / 1

  42. Proposing a new protocol You MUST prevent congestion (for the network) ◮ Does not mean you are mandatory TCP-friendly see Flow Rate Fairness : Dismantling a Religion by Bob Briscoe ◮ So congestion occurs when the traffic increases resulting in a slowing down of the QoE You SHOULD care about privacy (for the user) To do so, we use collaborating congestion control algorithms that can be placed anywhere in the network That’s enough ? NO ⇒ your protocol must be compliant with network operator policies ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 14 / 1

  43. The QUIC protocol QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) is a new encrypted-by-default Internet transport protocol proposed by Google with the following characteristics : ◮ Version negotiation ◮ Low-latency connection establishment ◮ Authenticated and encrypted header and payload ◮ Stream multiplexing ◮ Stream and connection-level flow control ◮ Connection migration and resilience to NAT rebinding Basically objectives are : ◮ to accelerate HTTP traffic and make it more secure ◮ ultimate goal is to replace TCP and TLS On-going IETF standardisation Numerous implementations : Google-QUIC, PicoQuic (C. Huitema), IETF-QUIC, ... ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 15 / 1

  44. The QUIC case over SATCOM ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� sender PEP receiver High Delay x BW product Losses might occur Need to protect from losses Need to reach optimal capacity SATCOM systems splits end-to-end connection ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 16 / 1

  45. The QUIC case over SATCOM ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� sender PEP receiver High Delay x BW product Losses might occur Need to protect from losses Need to reach optimal capacity SATCOM systems splits end-to-end connection and they are not the only one ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 16 / 1

  46. QUIC over SATCOM vs 4G Satcom ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 17 / 1

  47. QUIC over SATCOM vs 4G Satcom ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 17 / 1

  48. QUIC over SATCOM vs 4G Satcom 4G ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 17 / 1

  49. QUIC over SATCOM vs 4G Satcom 4G ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 17 / 1

  50. To conclude with QUIC experiments QUIC is not better than splitted-TCP for a SATCOM public access ◮ At least for large files, splitted-TCP wins ◮ Further details : https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04970 We believe satellite is not the only link impacted ◮ Want to see if you are concerned by this issue ? ◮ Download our code : https://forge.net4sat.org/cnes/quxa-public ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 18 / 1

  51. Conclusion on this part TCP and UDP are enough at transport layer I believe the right approach is UL transport for QoE There is no one-fit-all solution ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 19 / 1

  52. Contributions ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 20 / 1

  53. Contributions Applications UL Transport Transport Network Uni/multicast DTN ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  54. Contributions Applications UL Transport Transport DiffServ AQM for AF class Network Uni/multicast DTN 2004 APS ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  55. Contributions Applications UL Transport Transport AQM based on Kohonen NN Network Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2004 APS ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  56. Contributions Applications Statistical method to UL Transport estimate congestion Transport Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2004 APS ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  57. Contributions Applications UL Transport Transport Speeding up TCP traffic 2014 FaQ Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2004 APS ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  58. Contributions Applications UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Scheduling schemes, ongoing IETF 2014 FaQ work Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2004 APS ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  59. Contributions Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Cross-layer scheme for WLAN 2014 FaQ Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2004 APS ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  60. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Cross-layer scheme for satellite link 2014 FaQ Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2004 APS ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  61. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Routing protocol for quasi- deterministic LEO constellation 2014 FaQ with non-persistant paths Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2012 DQN 2004 APS ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  62. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Broadcast protocol based on Tempo- ral Random Walk for opportunistic 2014 FaQ networks Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  63. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Transport protocols for QoS architec- 2014 FaQ ture Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 K-RED 2006 gTFRC 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  64. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Transport protocols for QoS architec- 2014 FaQ ture Network 2011 ECN* Uni/multicast DTN 2008 Chameleon 2008 K-RED 2006 gTFRC 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  65. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Transport protocol for SAT- 2014 FaQ COM systems Network 2011 ECN* 2009 DCCP-sat Uni/multicast DTN 2008 Chameleon 2008 K-RED 2006 gTFRC 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  66. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Transport protocol for SAT- 2014 FaQ COM systems Network 2010 IP-ERN 2011 ECN* 2009 DCCP-sat Uni/multicast DTN 2008 Chameleon 2008 K-RED 2006 gTFRC 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  67. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Transport protocol for SAT- 2014 FaQ COM systems 2013 TCP-aero Network 2010 IP-ERN 2011 ECN* 2009 DCCP-sat Uni/multicast DTN 2008 Chameleon 2008 K-RED 2006 gTFRC 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  68. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS Transport Transport protocol for multimedia, 2013 eCMT-SCTP 2014 FaQ multipath, LBE, ... 2013 TCP-aero Network 2010 IP-ERN 2011 ECN* 2009 DCCP-sat Uni/multicast DTN 2008 Chameleon 2008 K-RED 2006 gTFRC 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  69. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2018 PSS 2013 Q-AIMD Transport Transport protocol for multimedia, 2013 eCMT-SCTP 2014 FaQ multipath, LBE, ... 2013 TCP-aero Network 2010 IP-ERN 2011 ECN* 2009 DCCP-sat Uni/multicast DTN 2008 Chameleon 2008 K-RED 2006 gTFRC 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

  70. Contributions 2014 CLIFT Applications 2008 CL-WLAN UL Transport 2014 DAPS 2018 PSS 2013 Q-AIMD Transport Transport protocol for multimedia, 2013 eCMT-SCTP 2014 FaQ multipath, LBE, ... 2013 TCP-aero Network 2010 IP-ERN 2011 ECN* 2009 DCCP-sat Uni/multicast DTN 2008 Chameleon 2008 K-RED 2006 gTFRC 2012 DQN 2004 APS 2015 TRW ISAE-SUPAERO 2018 21 / 1

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